27 Parents
| Identifier | Name | Description |
|---|---|---|
| GO:0009987 | cellular process | Any process that is carried out at the cellular level, but not necessarily restricted to a single cell. For example, cell communication occurs among more than one cell, but occurs at the cellular level. |
| GO:0008150 | biological_process | A biological process is the execution of a genetically-encoded biological module or program. It consists of all the steps required to achieve the specific biological objective of the module. A biological process is accomplished by a particular set of molecular functions carried out by specific gene products (or macromolecular complexes), often in a highly regulated manner and in a particular temporal sequence. |
| GO:0051716 | cellular response to stimulus | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus. The process begins with detection of the stimulus by a cell and ends with a change in state or activity or the cell. |
| GO:0050896 | response to stimulus | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus. The process begins with detection of the stimulus and ends with a change in state or activity or the cell or organism. |
| GO:0006950 | response to stress | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a disturbance in organismal or cellular homeostasis, usually, but not necessarily, exogenous (e.g. temperature, humidity, ionizing radiation). |
| GO:0033554 | cellular response to stress | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus indicating the organism is under stress. The stress is usually, but not necessarily, exogenous (e.g. temperature, humidity, ionizing radiation). |
| GO:0005575 | cellular_component | A location, relative to cellular compartments and structures, occupied by a macromolecular machine. There are three types of cellular components described in the gene ontology: (1) the cellular anatomical entity where a gene product carries out a molecular function (e.g., plasma membrane, cytoskeleton) or membrane-enclosed compartments (e.g., mitochondrion); (2) virion components, where viral proteins act, and (3) the stable macromolecular complexes of which gene product are parts (e.g., the clathrin complex). |
| GO:0005622 | intracellular anatomical structure | A component of a cell contained within (but not including) the plasma membrane. In eukaryotes it includes the nucleus and cytoplasm. |
| GO:0110165 | cellular anatomical structure | A part of a cellular organism consisting of a material entity with granularity above the level of a protein complex but below that of an anatomical system. Note that cellular organisms exclude viruses. |
| GO:0065007 | biological regulation | Any process that modulates a measurable attribute of any biological process, quality or function. |
| GO:0050794 | regulation of cellular process | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a cellular process, any of those that are carried out at the cellular level, but are not necessarily restricted to a single cell. For example, cell communication occurs among more than one cell, but occurs at the cellular level. |
| GO:0050789 | regulation of biological process | Any process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a biological process. Biological processes are regulated by many means; examples include the control of gene expression, protein modification or interaction with a protein or substrate molecule. |
| GO:0035556 | intracellular signal transduction | The process in which a signal is passed on to downstream components within the cell, which become activated themselves to further propagate the signal and finally trigger a change in the function or state of the cell. |
| GO:0023052 | signaling | The entirety of a process in which information is transmitted within a biological system. This process begins with an active signal and ends when a cellular response has been triggered. |
| GO:0007165 | signal transduction | The cellular process in which a signal is conveyed to trigger a change in the activity or state of a cell. Signal transduction begins with reception of a signal (e.g. a ligand binding to a receptor or receptor activation by a stimulus such as light), or for signal transduction in the absence of ligand, signal-withdrawal or the activity of a constitutively active receptor. Signal transduction ends with regulation of a downstream cellular process, e.g. regulation of transcription or regulation of a metabolic process. Signal transduction covers signaling from receptors located on the surface of the cell and signaling via molecules located within the cell. For signaling between cells, signal transduction is restricted to events at and within the receiving cell. |
| GO:0007154 | cell communication | Any process that mediates interactions between a cell and its surroundings. Encompasses interactions such as signaling or attachment between one cell and another cell, between a cell and an extracellular matrix, or between a cell and any other aspect of its environment. |
| GO:0042221 | response to chemical | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a chemical stimulus. |
| GO:0070887 | cellular response to chemical stimulus | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a chemical stimulus. |
| GO:0097190 | apoptotic signaling pathway | The series of molecular signals which triggers the apoptotic death of a cell. The pathway starts with reception of a signal, and ends when the execution phase of apoptosis is triggered. |
| GO:0006915 | apoptotic process | A programmed cell death process which begins when a cell receives an internal (e.g. DNA damage) or external signal (e.g. an extracellular death ligand), and proceeds through a series of biochemical events (signaling pathway phase) which trigger an execution phase. The execution phase is the last step of an apoptotic process, and is typically characterized by rounding-up of the cell, retraction of pseudopodes, reduction of cellular volume (pyknosis), chromatin condensation, nuclear fragmentation (karyorrhexis), plasma membrane blebbing and fragmentation of the cell into apoptotic bodies. When the execution phase is completed, the cell has died. |
| GO:0008219 | cell death | Any biological process that results in permanent cessation of all vital functions of a cell. A cell should be considered dead when any one of the following molecular or morphological criteria is met: (1) the cell has lost the integrity of its plasma membrane; (2) the cell, including its nucleus, has undergone complete fragmentation into discrete bodies (frequently referred to as apoptotic bodies). The cell corpse (or its fragments) may be engulfed by an adjacent cell in vivo, but engulfment of whole cells should not be considered a strict criteria to define cell death as, under some circumstances, live engulfed cells can be released from phagosomes (see PMID:18045538). |
| GO:0012501 | programmed cell death | A process which begins when a cell receives an internal or external signal and activates a series of biochemical events (signaling pathway). The process ends with the death of the cell. |
| GO:0062197 | cellular response to chemical stress | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a chemical stimulus indicating the organism is under stress. |
| GO:0097193 | intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway | The series of molecular signals in which an intracellular signal is conveyed to trigger the apoptotic death of a cell. The pathway starts with reception of an intracellular signal (e.g. DNA damage, endoplasmic reticulum stress, oxidative stress etc.), and ends when the execution phase of apoptosis is triggered. The intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway is crucially regulated by permeabilization of the mitochondrial outer membrane (MOMP). |
| GO:0051409 | response to nitrosative stress | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a nitrosative stress stimulus. Nitrosative stress is a state often resulting from exposure to high levels of nitric oxide (NO) or the highly reactive oxidant peroxynitrite, which is produced following interaction of NO with superoxide anions. |
| GO:0071500 | cellular response to nitrosative stress | Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a nitrosative stress stimulus. Nitrosative stress is a state often resulting from exposure to high levels of nitric oxide (NO) or the highly reactive oxidant peroxynitrite, which is produced following interaction of NO with superoxide anions. |
| GO:1990442 | intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to nitrosative stress | The series of molecular signals in which an intracellular signal is conveyed to trigger the apoptotic death of a cell. The pathway is induced in response to nitrosative stress; a state often resulting from exposure to high levels of nitric oxide (NO) or the highly reactive oxidant peroxynitrite, which is produced following interaction of NO with superoxide anions. |
42 Relations
| Relationship |
Parent Term . Identifier |
Child Term . Identifier |
|---|---|---|
| regulates | GO:1990442 | GO:1905258 |
| regulates | GO:1990442 | GO:1905258 |
| negatively regulates | GO:1990442 | GO:1905259 |
| negatively regulates | GO:1990442 | GO:1905259 |
| regulates | GO:1990442 | GO:1905259 |
| positively regulates | GO:1990442 | GO:1905260 |
| positively regulates | GO:1990442 | GO:1905260 |
| regulates | GO:1990442 | GO:1905260 |
| is_a | GO:0097193 | GO:1990442 |
| is_a | GO:0071500 | GO:1990442 |
| part of | GO:0009987 | GO:1990442 |
| is_a | GO:0070887 | GO:1990442 |
| part of | GO:0023052 | GO:1990442 |
| is_a | GO:0050896 | GO:1990442 |
| is_a | GO:0050794 | GO:1990442 |
| part of | GO:0008150 | GO:1990442 |
| part of | GO:0050896 | GO:1990442 |
| is_a | GO:0009987 | GO:1990442 |
| occurs in | GO:0110165 | GO:1990442 |
| occurs in | GO:0005622 | GO:1990442 |
| is_a | GO:0007165 | GO:1990442 |
| regulates | GO:0009987 | GO:1990442 |
| is_a | GO:0006950 | GO:1990442 |
| is_a | GO:0008150 | GO:1990442 |
| part of | GO:0065007 | GO:1990442 |
| is_a | GO:0051716 | GO:1990442 |
| is_a | GO:0050789 | GO:1990442 |
| regulates | GO:0008150 | GO:1990442 |
| is_a | GO:0042221 | GO:1990442 |
| part of | GO:0007154 | GO:1990442 |
