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Expr9983
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Pnphp-2::GFP was expressed in the ciliated sensory nervous system throughout development. In the adult, expression was evident in both hermaphrodite and male ciliated sensory neurons, including amphid, phasmid, and IL2 neurons. nphp-2 was also expressed in male specific ciliated sensory nervous system, including the CEM, RnB, and HOB neurons. Expression in the internal oxygen sensor neuron PQR was visible in the hermaphrodite, but could not be distinguished from the tail sensilla in the male. |
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Expr9653
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CCPP-1::GFP was neuronally expressed in developing embryos (not shown) through adulthood in amphid and IL2 ciliated sensory neurons of the core nervous system, which males and hermaphrodites have in common. In the male-specific nervous system, CCPP-1::GFP was coexpressed with pkd-2 in CEM head neurons and the RnB and HOB neurons in the tail. CCPP-1::GFP was also expressed in some unidentified neurons and the gubernacular erector and retractor muscles in the male tail. CCPP-1::GFP was local- ized diffusely throughout neurons, including cilia, but excluded from the nucleus. CCPP-1::GFP was neuronally expressed in developing embryos (not shown) through adulthood in amphid and IL2 ciliated sensory neurons of the core nervous system, which males and hermaphrodites have in common. In the male-specific nervous system, CCPP-1::GFP was coexpressed with pkd-2 in CEM head neurons and the RnB and HOB neurons in the tail. CCPP-1::GFP was also expressed in some unidentified neurons and the gubernacular erector and retractor muscles in the male tail. CCPP-1::GFP was localized diffusely throughout neurons, including cilia, but excluded from the nucleus. |
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Expr15981
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ENPP-1::mScarlet showed a speckled presence in the EVNs, with accumulations in the cilia of the CEM and shared IL2 neurons in the head and ray RnB neurons in the male tail. ENPP-1::mScarlet was released in environmental EVs from both CEMs and IL2s. |
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Expr9260
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In the head of both males and hermaphrodites, the expression of the Ptbb-4::YFP transcriptional reporter was observed in many amphid neurons, likely ADL, AFD, ASE, ASG, ASH, ASJ, ASK, ASI, AWA, AWB, and AWC as judged by co-labeling with lipophilic dyes and/or cellular morphology. Other head neurons expressing Ptbb-4::YFP include the cephalic CEP neurons, the outer labial quadrant OLQ neurons, and the mechanosensory FLP neurons. In the midbody and tail, Ptbb-4::YFP expression was found in the PDE postdeirid neurons, PQR (a sensory neuron whose cilium is exposed to the pseudocoelomic fluid), and the phasmid neurons PHA and PHB. Ptbb-4::YFP was also expressed in all 18 ray neurons in the male, consistent with a previous report (Portman and Emmons 2004). Because of abundant ray neuron expression, Ptbb-4::YFP expression in male phasmid and hook neurons could not be reliably confirmed, although expression in these cells is not unlikely. We also observed Ptbb-4::YFP expression in the hermaphrodite HSN motor neurons, the vulval muscles, and several unidentified nonsensory neurons. Expression was also occasionally apparent in the amphid sheath (AMsh) and socket (AMso) glial cells. |
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Expr15833
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Expr9270
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In hermaphrodites, P4daf-19m::GFP is expressed in IL2 neurons. In the male, P4daf- 19m::GFP is expressed in IL2 and CEM head neurons, and HOB and RnB tail neurons. The 22-bp sequence acts remotely as a daf-19m CEM/IL2 element. In core IL2s, P4daf-19m::GFP is expressed throughout development in males and hermaphrodites. In male-specific CEMs, P4daf-19m::GFP expression commences in the mid to late L4 male, a stage that coincides with pkd-2 expression and the onset of sexual maturity. |
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Expr9269
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P1daf-19m::GFP is specifically expressed in the male tail HOB and RnB neurons but not in male-specific CEM head neurons or other ciliated neurons. |
DAF-19M is nuclear localized. |
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Expr9262
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In hermaphrodites, the expression of Ptba-6::mCherry was observed only in the IL2 inner labial sensory neurons and the HSN motor neurons. In males, this reporter was expressed in the IL2s, the cephalic companion CEM sensory neurons, the HOB hook neuron, and all ray RnB neurons, usually excluding those of ray 6. |
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Expr15979
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SID-2 nucleic acid binding transmembrane protein is specifically enriched in the male-specific ciliated sensory neurons (CEMs, RnBs, and HOB). In all male-specific neurons (CEMs, RnBs, and HOB), the SID-2::mScarlet signal was observed in neuronal cell bodies as a few puncta and was mostly accumulated in ciliary regions. SID-2::mScarlet was also observed in two unidentified cells whose processes converge near the hook structure of the male tail.The SID-2::mScarlet reporter was co-expressed with PKD-2::GFP in male-specific EV-releasing sensory neurons (EVNs), as well as in the intestine in both males and hermaphrodites. SID-2::mScarlet was abundant on the apical surface of the intestine and fully functional in environmental RNAi, consistent with its known role in endocytosis of dsRNA.We also observed SID- 2::mScarlet being environmentally released in the form of ciliary EVs. |
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Expr15984
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MCM-3::mScarlet showed nuclear localization in the developing embryo, consistent with the known function of the MCM proteins in DNA replication licensing and DNA helicase activity of the MCM-2-7 complex41. Strikingly, MCM-3::mScarlet was also specifically enriched in the cytoplasm of all EVNs in adult animals and was released from the cilia in the form of EVs. |
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