WormMine: AnatomyTerm WBbt:0004587

• Definition: Ventral cord motor neuron, innervates ventral body muscles, probably reciprocal inhibitor
• Name: VD12
• Primary Identifier: WBbt:0004587
• Synonym: lineage name: P11.app

1 Children

Definition	Name	Synonym	Primary Identifier
nucleus of pedigree P11.app	P11.app nucleus		WBbt:0003241

3 Expression Clusters

Regulated By Treatment	Description	Algorithm	Primary Identifier
	Single-cell RNA-Seq cell group 130_0 expressed in neuron.	scVI 0.6.0	WBPaper00065841:130_0
	Transcripts enriched in VD_DD according to single cell RNAseq.	Genes that pass the Bonferroni threshold for multiple comparisons (q < 0.05) are significantly enriched.	WBPaper00061651:VD_DD_enriched
	Transcripts enriched in VD12 according to single cell RNAseq.	Genes that pass the Bonferroni threshold for multiple comparisons (q < 0.05) are significantly enriched.	WBPaper00066550:VD12_enriched

48 Expression Patterns

• Primary Identifier: Expr15619

• Primary Identifier: Expr15558

• Primary Identifier: Expr15560

• Primary Identifier: Expr9325
• Pattern: Synaptogyrin is expressed in all 26 GABAergic neurons including also RMER and most though not all other neurons. Synaptogyrin is absent in amphids and phasmids and can be detected in non-neuronal glial-like sheath cells in adult worms. The cephalic neurons CEPDR/L and CEPVR/L and amphid-associated sheath cells CEPshDR/L, CEPshVR/L were tentatively positive. Several other neurons that could be tentatively identified in the anterior part are MI, M4, I4, AVL, AIY, RIS, I5, M3R/L, and in the posterior part DVA, AS11, ALNR/L, DVC, DVB, PQR, DA9 (characteristic axonal process denoted by arrowhead), VD13, DD6, VD12. Of these, AVL, RIS, VD13, DD6 and VD12 are GABAergic based on the colocalization with the unc-47p::GFP reporter. In addition, IL neurons were tentatively identified in the anterior (IL*). Synaptogyrin reporter constructs are also expressed in developing neurons. The expression of sng-1p::YFP is closely associated with the development of the nervous system being absent in the gastrula stage with first fluorescence in neuronal precursor cells and newly-formed neurons in the anterior part during the 1.5-fold stage. In addition, it is also detected transiently in cells in the posterior body at the 1.25-fold and 1.5-fold stage.

• Primary Identifier: Expr15567

• Primary Identifier: Expr15571

• Primary Identifier: Expr15572

• Primary Identifier: Expr15573

• Primary Identifier: Expr15579

• Primary Identifier: Expr15586

• Primary Identifier: Expr15651

• Primary Identifier: Expr15652

• Primary Identifier: Expr15589

• Primary Identifier: Expr13158

• Primary Identifier: Expr15591

• Primary Identifier: Expr15598

• Primary Identifier: Expr15604

• Primary Identifier: Expr15608

• Primary Identifier: Expr15611

• Primary Identifier: Expr1734
• Remark: Lines expressing GFP::CED-10 were generated by injection of ced-10::gfp::ced-10 with an unc-76-rescuing construct, P76-16B, both at 75 ng/l, into unc-76(e911) animals.
• Pattern: Cell type identifications were confirmed by the examination of a nuclear-localized GFP expressed from the ced-10 promoter. GFP::CED-10 was expressed broadly, perhaps in all cells, including neurons (CANs, VDs and DDs), engulfing cell types (including the hypodermis, intestine and pharynx) and the distal tip cells. Expression was first seen in early embryogenesis and continued throughout adulthood in all cell types.
• Subcellular Localization: Strong fluorescence was observed within the axons of the nerve ring. The GFP::CED-10 fusion protein accumulated at the plasma membrane.

• Primary Identifier: Expr15570

• Primary Identifier: Expr15644

• Primary Identifier: Expr15648

• Primary Identifier: Expr15646

• Primary Identifier: Expr15641

• Primary Identifier: Expr1329
• Pattern: UNC-42 expression was detected with a mouse antiserum in several cells as early as 260 minutes of embryogenesis and in neurons at high levels in the head by comma stage, the time when these neurons extend axons and establish connections. Expression in head neurons continues into adulthood. UNC-42 was strongly expressed in at least 20 pairs of neurons of the head, including the AVA, AVD and AVE interneurons, ASH sensory neurons, and RMD and SMB motor neurons. Other neurons that express high levels of UNC-42 include the AIN, AVH, AVJ, AVK, RIV, SAA and SIB interneurons. The same expression pattern in the head was detected in animals that carry a transgene that encodes an UNC-42 protein tagged at its C terminus with GFP(gmEx186). Antiserum to UNC-42 and the gmEx104 GFP reporter gene revealed low levels of unc-42 expression in hypodermis and additional neurons in the head. Transient expression of UNC-42 protein was also detected in the DD motor neurons at hatching and at low levels in postembryonic ventral cord motor neurons derived from P11. UNC-42 protein was not detected in descendants of P2-P10 or P12. In the tail, unc-42-gfp (gmEx104) is strongly expressed in PVT.

• Primary Identifier: Expr15633

• Primary Identifier: Expr15335

• Primary Identifier: Expr13159

• Primary Identifier: Expr16257
• Pattern: For lin-39 and mab-5, previous work reported their partially overlapping expression in the ventral cord motor neurons (MNs). In this study, we used two fosmid reporters wgIs18[lin39::EGFP] and wgIs27[mab-5::EGFP] to map their expression to the single-cell resolution among the 75 motor neurons (MNs), which include 54 cholinergic MNs, 19 GABAergic MNs, and 2 serotonergic MNs with stereotypical positions. These MNs can be further classified into eight neuron classes (DA, DB, VA, VB, AS, VC, DD, and VD). By crossing the GFP reporters with mCherry strains labelling cholinergic or GABAergic neurons in the ventral cord, we identified lin-39 expression in DA2-5, DB2-7, VA3-8, VB4-9, AS2-8, VC1-6, DD2-6, and VD3-12 and mab-5 expression in DA4-8, DB5-7, VA6-11, VB8-11, AS5-11, VC3-6, DD2-6, and VD2-12. Both lin-39 and mab-5 expression were generally weaker in more anterior MNs. Interestingly, for cholinergic MNs, mab-5 and lin-39 expression only overlapped in a set of mid-body MNs; MNs more anterior to this region expressed only lin-39 and MNs more posterior expressed only mab-5. For GABAergic MNs (DD and VD), however, lin-39and mab-5 expression overlapped entirely. Outside of the ventral nerve cord, lin-39 was expressed in AQR and AIYL/R in the head and AVM, SDQL/R, PDEL/R, and PVDL/R neurons along the body; mab-5 was expressed in the AVL in the head, SDQL in the mid-body region, and PQR neuron in the tail.

0 Life Stages

3 Parents

Definition	Name	Synonym	Primary Identifier
Neuron class of thirteen motoneurons, with cell bodies in the ventral cord, which innervate ventral muscles. Each cell has an anteriorly directed process emanating from its cell body.	VD neuron		WBbt:0005303
neuron with cell body in the preanal ganglion.	preanal ganglion neuron	preanal ganglion neurons	WBbt:0005447
post-embryonic cell of pedigree P11.ap	P11.ap		WBbt:0007229