WormMine: Gene WBGene00001193

• WormBase Gene ID: WBGene00001193
• Gene Name: egl-26
• Sequence Name: C23H3.1
• Brief Description: egl-26 encodes a protein that contains an H-box and an NC domain that is a member of the LRAT (lecithin retinol acyltransferase) subfamily of the NlpC/P60 superfamily of enzymes; egl-26 activity is required for fertility, egg laying, and vulval development, specifically the connection of the uterus to the vulva mediated by proper morphogenesis of vulF, the most dorsal vulval cell; EGL-26 is an apical membrane protein that is expressed in many cells, including vulF, and appears to be expressed near the vulva and uterus only during the L4 larval stage; EGL-26 membrane localization is necessary for its function.
• Organism: Caenorhabditis elegans
• Automated Description: Predicted to enable acyltransferase activity. Involved in several processes, including egg-laying behavior; positive regulation of vulval development; and vulval development. Located in cytoplasmic side of apical plasma membrane. Expressed in several structures, including buccal cavity; excretory canal; hermaphrodite gonad; rectum; and vulval cell.
• Biotype: SO:0001217
• Genetic Position: II :-16.2721 ±0.158173
• Length (nt): 1626

1 Organism

• Name: Caenorhabditis elegans
• Taxon Id: 6239

1 Synonyms

• Value: WBGene00001193

Genomics

2 Transcripts

WormMine ID	Sequence Name	Length (nt)	Chromosome Location
Transcript:C23H3.1b.1	C23H3.1b.1	1301	II: 69654-71279
Transcript:C23H3.1a.1	C23H3.1a.1	1304	II: 69654-71279

Other

2 CDSs

WormMine ID	Sequence Name	Length (nt)	Chromosome Location
CDS:C23H3.1a	C23H3.1a	954	II: 69681-69875
CDS:C23H3.1b	C23H3.1b	951	II: 69681-69875

12 RNAi Result

• WBRNAi00089849
• WBRNAi00041019
• WBRNAi00091932
• WBRNAi00094619
• WBRNAi00094621
• WBRNAi00094620
• WBRNAi00022290
• WBRNAi00029114
• WBRNAi00007941
• WBRNAi00089910
• WBRNAi00090070
• WBRNAi00090228

31 Allele

• gk964317
• h13392
• h7547
• gk963800
• gk130790
• gk130789
• gk130792
• gk130791
• gk130794
• gk130793
• WBVar01715431
• WBVar00162829
• tm1244
• ku211
• ku228
• gk941020
• WBVar01681510
• e1952
• e2650
• gk337474
• gk761899
• gk923543
• gk610760
• WBVar01290982
• gk610761
• WBVar01290981
• gk703845
• n481
• gk616025
• gk642662

1 Chromosome

• WormBase ID: II
• Organism: Caenorhabditis elegans
• Length (nt): 15279421

1 Chromosome Location

• Feature . Primary Identifier: WBGene00001193
• Start: 69654
• End: 71279
• Strand: 1

3 Data Sets

• WormBaseAcedbConverter
• GO Annotation data set
• C. elegans genomic annotations (GFF3 Gene)

1 Downstream Intergenic Region

• WormBase ID: intergenic_region_chrII_71280..71671
• Length (nt): 392
• Chromosome Location: II: 71280-71671
• Organism: Caenorhabditis elegans

103 Expression Clusters

Regulated By Treatment	Description	Algorithm	Primary Identifier
	Transcripts that showed significantly increased expression in L1 neural cells comparing to in adult neural cells.	DESeq2 (v1.18.1) fold change > 2, P-adj<0.05, using BenjaminiHochberg correction.	WBPaper00060811:L1_vs_adult_upregulated_neural
	Transcripts of coding genes that showed significantly decreased expression in muscle.	DESeq2 (version 1.24.0). Transcripts with a false-discovery rate adjusted p-value less than 0.05 were considered significantly differentially expressed.	WBPaper00062325:muscle_depleted_coding-RNA
	Transcripts expressed in neuronal cells, by analyzingfluorescence-activated cell sorted (FACS) neurons.	DESeq. False discovry rate (FDR) < 0.1.	WBPaper00048988:neuron_expressed
Osmotic stress	Transcripts that showed significantly altered expression with 500 mM salt (NaCl) vs 100 mM salt when food was present	DESeq(version 1.10.1), FDR < 0.05.	WBPaper00050726:OsmoticStress_regulated_Food
Osmotic stress	Transcripts that showed significantly altered expression with 500 mM salt (NaCl) vs 100 mM salt when no food was present	DESeq(version 1.10.1), FDR < 0.05.	WBPaper00050726:OsmoticStress_regulated_NoFood
	Genes significantly enriched in NSM neurons (isolated by FACS) versus the reference, according to RNAseq analysis towards total RNA.	Gene expression quantification and differential expression was analyzed using cufflinks v2.2.1. Enriched contains only genes significantly enriched (differentially expressed >= 2.4 fold in total RNA or >= 3.2 fold in DSN treated total RNA) in the NSM neurons versus the reference.	WBPaper00045974:NSM_enriched_totalRNA_RNAseq
	Transcripts expressed in intestine, according to PAT-Seq analysis using Pges-1-GFP-3XFLAG mRNA tagging.	Cufflinks FPKM value >=1.	WBPaper00050990:intestine_expressed
Bacteria diet: Escherichia coli HB101. Fed for 30 generations.	Transcripts that showed significantly decreased expression after fed by bacteria E. coli HB101 for 30 generations comparing to animals fed by E. coli OP50.	DESeq2 fold change > 2, p-value < 0.01.	WBPaper00061007:HB101_downregulated
Bacteria diet: Sphingomonas aquatilis Yellow. Fed for 30 generations.	Transcripts that showed significantly decreased expression after fed by bacteria Sphingomonas aquatilis (Yellow) for 30 generations comparing to animals fed by E. coli OP50.	DESeq2 fold change > 2, p-value < 0.01.	WBPaper00061007:S.aquatilis_downregulated
	Maternal class (M): genes that are called present in at least one of the three PC6 replicates.	A modified Welch F statistic was used for ANOVA. For each gene, regressed error estimates were substituted for observed error estimates. The substitution is justified by the lack of consistency among the most and least variable genes at each time point. Regressed error estimates were abundance-dependent pooled error estimates that represented a median error estimate from a window of genes of similar abundance to the gene of interest. A randomization test was used to compute the probability Pg of the observed F statistic for gene g under the null hypothesis that developmental time had no effect on expression. P-values were not corrected for multiple testing.	[cgc5767]:expression_class_M
Temprature shift to 28C for 48 hours.	Transcripts that showed significantly decreased expression after animals were exposed to 28C temperature for 48 hours.	Differentially expressed genes wereidentified using DESeq (v.1.18.0) by normalizing readsbased on the negative binomial distribution method andcomparing each HS timepoint to the 0-h control.	WBPaper00061341:28C_48h_downregulated
	Genes that showed expression levels higher than the corresponding reference sample (embryonic 0hr reference).	A Mann-Whitney U test with an empirical background model and FDR correction for multiple testing was used to detect expressed transcripts (Benjamini and Hochberg 1995). Genes and TARs with an FDR <= 0.05 were reported as expressed above background. Authors detected differentially expressed transcripts using a method based on linear models. Genes and TARs were called differentially expressed if the FDR was <= 0.05 and the fold change (FC) >= 2.0. To more strictly correct for potential false-positives resulting from multiple sample comparisons, authors divided individual FDR estimates by the number of samplesor sample comparisons, respectively. This resulted in an adjusted FDR of 1.3 * 0.0001 for expression above background and of 7.4 * 0.0001 for differential expression. Authors called genes selectively enriched in a given tissue if they met the following requirements: (1) enriched expression in a given tissue (FDR <= 0.05 and FC >= 2.0), (2) fold change versus reference among the upper 40% of the positive FC range observed for this gene across all tissues, and (3) fold-change entropy among the lower 40% of the distribution observed for all genes.	WBPaper00037950:germline-precursors_blastula-embryo_expressed
	Transcripts detected in germline isolated from day-1 adult hermaphrodite animals.	All three experiments have CPM >= 1.	WBPaper00067147:germline_expressed
	Proteins identified in extracellular vesicle.	N.A.	WBPaper00062669:extracellular-vesicle_protein
	Transcripts that showed significantly decreased expression in nhl-2(ok818) comparing to in N2 at 25C.	EdgeR, FDR < 0.05, fold change < 0.5.	WBPaper00055971:nhl-2(ok818)_25C_upregulated
Bacteria infection: Enterococcus faecalis OG1RF. Exposure for 16 hours.	Transcripts that showed significantly decreased expression in hpx-2(dg047) after animals were exposed to E. faecalis OG1RF for 16 hours comparing to exposure to E. Coli OP50.	Cuffcompare and Cuffdiff	WBPaper00056090:E.faecalis_downregulated_hpx-2(dg047)
	Genes found to be regulated by low-copy overexpression of sir-2.1 with p < 0.014.	N.A.	WBPaper00026929:sir-2.1_overexpression_regulated
	Genes that showed expression levels higher than the corresponding reference sample (embryonic 24hr reference).	A Mann-Whitney U test with an empirical background model and FDR correction for multiple testing was used to detect expressed transcripts (Benjamini and Hochberg 1995). Genes and TARs with an FDR <= 0.05 were reported as expressed above background. Authors detected differentially expressed transcripts using a method based on linear models. Genes and TARs were called differentially expressed if the FDR was <= 0.05 and the fold change (FC) >= 2.0. To more strictly correct for potential false-positives resulting from multiple sample comparisons, authors divided individual FDR estimates by the number of samplesor sample comparisons, respectively. This resulted in an adjusted FDR of 1.3 * 0.0001 for expression above background and of 7.4 * 0.0001 for differential expression. Authors called genes selectively enriched in a given tissue if they met the following requirements: (1) enriched expression in a given tissue (FDR <= 0.05 and FC >= 2.0), (2) fold change versus reference among the upper 40% of the positive FC range observed for this gene across all tissues, and (3) fold-change entropy among the lower 40% of the distribution observed for all genes.	WBPaper00037950:hypodermis_L1-larva_expressed
20C vs 25C	Transcripts that showed differential expression in 20C vs 25C in mir-34(OverExpression) animals at adult stage.	N.A.	WBPaper00050488:20C_vs_25C_regulated_mir-34(OverExpression)_adult
	Transcripts that showed significantly increased expression in sin-3(tm1276) comparing to in N2 at early embryo stage.	DESeq2, FDR < 0.05	WBPaper00058691:sin-3(tm1276)_upregulated
	Genes expressed in N2.	Expressed transcripts were identified on the basis of a Present call in 3 out of 4 N2 experiments as determined by Affymetrix MAS 5.0.	WBPaper00025141:N2_Expressed_Genes
	Transcripts unqiuely expressed in intestine, according to PAT-Seq analysis using Pges-1-GFP-3XFLAG mRNA tagging.	Cufflinks FPKM value >=1.	WBPaper00050990:intestine_enriched
	Embryonic class (E): genes that significantly increase in abundance at some point during embryogenesis.	A modified Welch F statistic was used for ANOVA. For each gene, regressed error estimates were substituted for observed error estimates. The substitution is justified by the lack of consistency among the most and least variable genes at each time point. Regressed error estimates were abundance-dependent pooled error estimates that represented a median error estimate from a window of genes of similar abundance to the gene of interest. A randomization test was used to compute the probability Pg of the observed F statistic for gene g under the null hypothesis that developmental time had no effect on expression. P-values were not corrected for multiple testing.	[cgc5767]:expression_class_E
	Transcripts that showed significantly decreased expression in aak-1(tm1944);aak-2(ok524) animals comparing to in N2.	DEseq 1.18.0, adjusted p-value < 0.05.	WBPaper00056471:aak-1(tm1944);aak-2(ok524)_downregulated
	Transcripts that showed significantly increased expression in lin-22(ot269) comparing to in N2 at L3 larva.	Differences in gene expression were then calculated using the negative binomial test in the DESeq package (FDR = 0.1).	WBPaper00053295:lin-22(ot269)_upregulated
	Genes that showed significantly altered expression between N2 and npr-1(ur89) strains exposed to either the nematocidal B. thuringiensis B-18247, the pathogenic P. aeruginosa PA14, or the control E. coli OP50 for 12 or 24 hours.	Estimation of transcript abundance and significantly differentially expressed genes were identified by Cuffdiff using the quartile normalization method. Transcripts with a significant change between different conditions (adjusted p-value < 0.01 by the false discovery rate, FDR) were treated as signature for each comparison.	WBPaper00049498:npr-1(ur89)_regulated_3
	Genes that showed expression levels higher than the corresponding reference sample (Young adult all cell reference).	A Mann-Whitney U test with an empirical background model and FDR correction for multiple testing was used to detect expressed transcripts (Benjamini and Hochberg 1995). Genes and TARs with an FDR <= 0.05 were reported as expressed above background. Authors detected differentially expressed transcripts using a method based on linear models. Genes and TARs were called differentially expressed if the FDR was <= 0.05 and the fold change (FC) >= 2.0. To more strictly correct for potential false-positives resulting from multiple sample comparisons, authors divided individual FDR estimates by the number of samplesor sample comparisons, respectively. This resulted in an adjusted FDR of 1.3 * 0.0001 for expression above background and of 7.4 * 0.0001 for differential expression. Authors called genes selectively enriched in a given tissue if they met the following requirements: (1) enriched expression in a given tissue (FDR <= 0.05 and FC >= 2.0), (2) fold change versus reference among the upper 40% of the positive FC range observed for this gene across all tissues, and (3) fold-change entropy among the lower 40% of the distribution observed for all genes.	WBPaper00037950:CEP-sheath-cells_Day1-adult_expressed
	Transcripts with significantly increased expression in isp-1(qm150) vs. N2, and in isp-1(qm150) ced-4(n1162) vs. ced-4(n1162).	Comparisons of each genotype were compared to the wild-type using the Empirical Base (Wright & Simon) algorithm and fold changes were represented on a log2 scale. A threshold of p < 0.05 and a fold change of 1.3 (log2) was set to determine differentially expressed targets.	WBPaper00045263:isp-1(qm150)_upregulated
	Transcripts with significantly increased expression in nuo-6(qm200) vs. N2, and in nuo-6(qm200);ced-4(n1162) vs. ced-4(n1162).	Comparisons of each genotype were compared to the wild-type using the Empirical Base (Wright & Simon) algorithm and fold changes were represented on a log2 scale. A threshold of p < 0.05 and a fold change of 1.3 (log2) was set to determine differentially expressed targets.	WBPaper00045263:nuo-6(qm200)_upregulated
20C vs 25C	Transcripts that showed differential expression in 20C vs 25C in mir-34(gk437) animals at adult stage.	N.A.	WBPaper00050488:20C_vs_25C_regulated_mir-34(gk437)_adult

11 Expression Patterns

• Primary Identifier: Expr1030762
• Pattern: Tiling arrays expression graphs

• Primary Identifier: Expr1806
• Remark: Because of the lack of nuclear or cytoplasmic expression, it was difficult to determine which cells were expressing egl-26::gfp in the animals carrying the translational fusion. Because pWH15 retained egl-26 activity as assayed by ability to rescue ku211 and ku228 mutants when expressed from an extrachromosomal array (2/4 lines rescued), it is assumed that the EGL-26::GFP expression pattern would accurately represent global and subcellular localization of EGL-26.
• Pattern: Consistent with the results from the transcriptional fusion, the expression observed near the top of the vulval lumen in animals carrying the translational fusion corresponds most closely to the position of vulE. The 3-D expression pattern of the EGL-26::GFP translational fusion protein showed expression in a ring around the ventral region of the vulva, in a thicker region near the center of the vulva, and at the apex of the vulva corresponding to where the utse lies separating the vulval and uterine lumens. The thick region of expression in the center of the vulva closely corresponds to the vulE cells. The ring around the ventral region of the vulval most likely corresponds to expression by vulB2 as assayed by the transcriptional fusion. In animals that carry this fusion construct on an extrachromosomal array, kuEx90, expression was observed in many regions of the animal, although not ubiquitously. Expression is strong around the cells of the spermatheca, around the mouth, and lining the pharynx, the rectum, and the excretory canals. Expression was also seen in the pharyngeal intestinal junction cells, transiently during L3 in the anchor cell, in rectal epithelial cells D, VL, and VR, in B and in Y, and in several cells with a neuronal appearance.
• Subcellular Localization: Expression is obvious near the vulva and the uterus only during L4. However, it is often very difficult to tell which cell is actually expressing egl-26::gfp because the fusion protein appears to line the lumen of the uterus and portions of the vulval lumen and is not obviously associated with any particular cell cytoplasm. Even in cases where a cell cytoplasm obviously contains egl-26::gfp, expression is often brighter around the apical edge of the cell.

• Primary Identifier: Marker113
• Pattern: Marker for rectal cells.

• Primary Identifier: Expr2011215
• Pattern: Single cell embryonic expression. Only cell types with an expression fraction of greater 0.2 of the maximum expressed fraction are labeled (Full data can be downloaded from http://caltech.wormbase.org/pub/wormbase/datasets-published/packer2019/). The colors represent the broad cell class to which the cell type has been assigned. The size of the point is proportional to the log2 of the numbers of cells in the dataset of that cell type. Interactive visualizations are available as a web app (https://cello.shinyapps.io/celegans/) and can also be installed as an R package (https://github.com/qinzhu/VisCello.celegans).

• Primary Identifier: Expr1017888
• Pattern: Developmental gene expression time-course. Raw data can be downloaded from ftp://caltech.wormbase.org/pub/wormbase/datasets-published/levin2012

• Primary Identifier: Expr12786

• Primary Identifier: Expr1807
• Pattern: egl-26 promoter is active in vulE nuclei. However, activity cannot be detected in vulF nuclei. Expression was reproducibly either anteriorposterior or leftright asymmetrical in the vulE nuclei. Expression is also visible in the vulB nuclei but not in other vulval toroids.

• Primary Identifier: Expr12304

• Primary Identifier: Expr2029451
• Pattern: Single cell embryonic expression. Only cell types with an expression fraction of greater 0.2 of the maximum expressed fraction are labeled (Full data can be downloaded from http://caltech.wormbase.org/pub/wormbase/datasets-published/packer2019/). The colors represent the broad cell class to which the cell type has been assigned. The size of the point is proportional to the log2 of the numbers of cells in the dataset of that cell type. Interactive visualizations are available as a web app (https://cello.shinyapps.io/celegans/) and can also be installed as an R package (https://github.com/qinzhu/VisCello.celegans).

• Primary Identifier: Expr3474
• Pattern: A nuclear-localized egl-26::gfp transcriptional fusion was expressed in vulB1, vulB2, vulD, and vulE cells. The expression was somewhat variable and was observed starting from the mid-L4 stage and continuing into the adult stage.

• Primary Identifier: Expr1145058
• Pattern: Developmental gene expression time-course. Raw data can be downloaded from ftp://caltech.wormbase.org/pub/wormbase/datasets-published/hashimshony2015

13 GO Annotation

0 Homologues

1 Locations

• Feature . Primary Identifier: WBGene00001193
• Start: 69654
• End: 71279
• Strand: 1

13 Ontology Annotations

0 Regulates Expr Cluster

1 Sequence

• Length: 1626

1 Sequence Ontology Term

• Name: gene

5 Strains

• WBStrain00026509
• WBStrain00026856
• WBStrain00026781
• WBStrain00004534
• WBStrain00004636

1 Upstream Intergenic Region

• WormBase ID: intergenic_region_chrII_64305..69653
• Length (nt): 5349
• Chromosome Location: II: 64305-69653
• Organism: Caenorhabditis elegans