WormMine

WS295

Intermine data mining platform for C. elegans and related nematodes

Gene :

WormBase Gene ID  ? WBGene00001609 Gene Name  glp-1
Sequence Name  ? F02A9.6 Brief Description  glp-1 encodes an N-glycosylated transmembrane protein that, along with LIN-12, comprises one of two C. elegans members of the LIN-12/Notch family of receptors; from the N- to the C-terminus, GLP-1 is characterized by ten extracellular EGF-like repeats, three LIN-12/Notch repeats, a CC-linker, a transmembrane domain, a RAM domain, six intracellular ankyrin repeats, and a PEST sequence; in C. elegans, GLP-1 activity is required for cell fate specification in germline and somatic tissues; in the germline, GLP-1, acting as a receptor for the DSL family ligand LAG-2, is essential for mitotic proliferation of germ cells and maintenance of germline stem cells; in somatic tissues, maternally provided GLP-1, acting as a receptor for the DSL family ligand APX-1, is required for inductive interactions that specify the fates of certain embryonic blastomeres; GLP-1 is also required for some later embryonic cell fate decisions, and in these decisions its activity is functionally redundant with that of LIN-12; GLP-1 expression is regulated temporally and spatially via translational control, as GLP-1 mRNA, present ubiquitously in the germline and embryo, yields detectable protein solely in lateral, interior, and endomembranes of distal, mitotic germ cells, and then predominantly in the AB blastomere and its descendants in the early embryo; proper spatial translation of glp-1 mRNA in the embryo is dependent upon genes such as the par genes, that are required for normal anterior-posterior asymmetry in the early embryo; signaling through GLP-1 controls the activity of the downstream Notch pathway components LAG-3 and LAG-1, the latter being predicted to function as part of a transcriptional feedback mechanism that positively regulates GLP-1 expression; signaling through the DNA-binding protein LAG-1 is believed to involve a direct interaction between LAG-1 and the GLP-1 RAM and ankyrin domains
Organism  Caenorhabditis elegans Automated Description  Enables RNA polymerase II-specific DNA-binding transcription factor binding activity and transcription coactivator activity. Involved in several processes, including chordate pharyngeal muscle development; positive regulation of cell population proliferation; and regulation of gene expression. Located in cytoplasm; endomembrane system; and lateral plasma membrane. Part of RNA polymerase II transcription regulator complex. Expressed in several structures, including AB lineage cell; anus; germ line; neurons; and somatic nervous system. Used to study cancer and obesity. Human ortholog(s) of this gene implicated in several diseases, including artery disease (multiple); autoimmune disease (multiple); and hematologic cancer (multiple). Is an ortholog of several human genes including NOTCH1 (notch receptor 1); NOTCH2 (notch receptor 2); and NOTCH3 (notch receptor 3).
Biotype  SO:0001217 Genetic Position  III :0.163759 ±0.002428
Length (nt)  ? 7458
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1 Organism

Name Taxon Id
Caenorhabditis elegans 6239

1 Synonyms

Value
WBGene00001609

Genomics

1 Transcripts

WormMine ID Sequence Name Length (nt) Chromosome Location
Transcript:F02A9.6.1 F02A9.6.1 4326   III: 9092241-9099698
 

Other

1 CDSs

WormMine ID Sequence Name Length (nt) Chromosome Location
CDS:F02A9.6 F02A9.6 3888   III: 9092313-9092452

62 RNAi Result

WormBase ID
WBRNAi00066215
WBRNAi00101715
WBRNAi00088847
WBRNAi00088852
WBRNAi00088851
WBRNAi00088853
WBRNAi00088846
WBRNAi00088850
WBRNAi00088844
WBRNAi00106567
WBRNAi00081746
WBRNAi00110325
WBRNAi00064713
WBRNAi00064742
WBRNAi00043790
WBRNAi00043791
WBRNAi00059465
WBRNAi00075673
WBRNAi00068377
WBRNAi00068376
WBRNAi00068378
WBRNAi00068863
WBRNAi00068862
WBRNAi00068864
WBRNAi00022035
WBRNAi00006312
WBRNAi00084004
WBRNAi00079039
WBRNAi00079052
WBRNAi00079055

128 Allele

Public Name
gk964518
gk963887
q172
q175
q224
q231
q239
q339
q158
q415
gk830203
gk488131
gk323281
gk903594
gk878056
gk555598
gk574478
gk549783
gk398275
gk559634
gk860542
gk622324
gk691253
gk791360
gk570871
gk436491
gk872502
gk898677
gk810235
gk899923

1 Chromosome

WormBase ID Organism Length (nt)
III Caenorhabditis elegans 13783801  

1 Chromosome Location


Feature . Primary Identifier
Start End Strand
WBGene00001609 9092241 9099698 1

4 Data Sets

Name URL
WormBaseAcedbConverter  
GO Annotation data set  
C. elegans genomic annotations (GFF3 Gene)  
Panther orthologue and paralogue predictions  

0 Downstream Intergenic Region

175 Expression Clusters

Regulated By Treatment Description Algorithm Primary Identifier
  Genes with expression altered >= 3-fold in dpy-10(e128) mutants. Data across the wild type series was analyzed using the Significance analysis of Microarrays (SAM) algorithm (to calculate the False Discovery Rate (FDR)). WBPaper00035873:dpy-10_regulated
  Transcripts expressed in neuronal cells, by analyzingfluorescence-activated cell sorted (FACS) neurons. DESeq. False discovry rate (FDR) < 0.1. WBPaper00048988:neuron_expressed
adult vs dauer larva Transcripts that showed differential expression in adult vs dauer lava in N2 animals at 20C. N.A. WBPaper00050488:adult_vs_dauer_regulated_N2_20C
  Genes that showed expression levels higher than the corresponding reference sample (embryonic 24hr reference). A Mann-Whitney U test with an empirical background model and FDR correction for multiple testing was used to detect expressed transcripts (Benjamini and Hochberg 1995). Genes and TARs with an FDR <= 0.05 were reported as expressed above background. Authors detected differentially expressed transcripts using a method based on linear models. Genes and TARs were called differentially expressed if the FDR was <= 0.05 and the fold change (FC) >= 2.0. To more strictly correct for potential false-positives resulting from multiple sample comparisons, authors divided individual FDR estimates by the number of samplesor sample comparisons, respectively. This resulted in an adjusted FDR of 1.3 * 0.0001 for expression above background and of 7.4 * 0.0001 for differential expression. Authors called genes selectively enriched in a given tissue if they met the following requirements: (1) enriched expression in a given tissue (FDR <= 0.05 and FC >= 2.0), (2) fold change versus reference among the upper 40% of the positive FC range observed for this gene across all tissues, and (3) fold-change entropy among the lower 40% of the distribution observed for all genes. WBPaper00037950:bodywall-muscle_L1-larva_expressed
  Genes with expression level regulated by genotype (N2 vs CB4856) and age at old adults stage (214 hours at 24 centigrade). For model 2, authors used 100 permutations to estimate the FDR threshold. Per permutation, genotypes and ages were independently randomly distributed, keeping the among-gene structure intact. Then for each spot (23,232) on the array, model 2 was tested. The obtained P-values were used to estimate a threshold for each of the explanatory factors. Authors also used a genome-wide threshold of -log10 P-value = 2, which resembles an FDR of 0.072 and 0.060 for marker and the interaction age-marker for the developing worms and FDR of 0.050 and 0.065 for marker and age-marker for the aging worms. For the physiological age effect, authors used a log10 P-value = 8 in developing worms (0.012 FDR) and -log10 P-value = 6 (0.032 FDR). WBPaper00040858:eQTL_age_regulated_aging
  Genes with expression level regulated by genotype (N2 vs CB4856) and age at L3 larva and Late reproduction stage (96 hours at 24 centigrade). For model 2, authors used 100 permutations to estimate the FDR threshold. Per permutation, genotypes and ages were independently randomly distributed, keeping the among-gene structure intact. Then for each spot (23,232) on the array, model 2 was tested. The obtained P-values were used to estimate a threshold for each of the explanatory factors. Authors also used a genome-wide threshold of -log10 P-value = 2, which resembles an FDR of 0.072 and 0.060 for marker and the interaction age-marker for the developing worms and FDR of 0.050 and 0.065 for marker and age-marker for the aging worms. For the physiological age effect, authors used a log10 P-value = 8 in developing worms (0.012 FDR) and -log10 P-value = 6 (0.032 FDR). WBPaper00040858:eQTL_age_regulated_developing
  Transcripts expressed in seam cells, according to PAT-Seq analysis using Pgrd-10-GFP-3XFLAG mRNA tagging. Cufflinks FPKM value >=1. WBPaper00050990:seam_expressed
  Genes with expression level regulated by genotype (N2 vs CB4856) at old adults stage (214 hours at 24 centigrade). For model 2, authors used 100 permutations to estimate the FDR threshold. Per permutation, genotypes and ages were independently randomly distributed, keeping the among-gene structure intact. Then for each spot (23,232) on the array, model 2 was tested. The obtained P-values were used to estimate a threshold for each of the explanatory factors. Authors also used a genome-wide threshold of -log10 P-value = 2, which resembles an FDR of 0.072 and 0.060 for marker and the interaction age-marker for the developing worms and FDR of 0.050 and 0.065 for marker and age-marker for the aging worms. For the physiological age effect, authors used a log10 P-value = 8 in developing worms (0.012 FDR) and -log10 P-value = 6 (0.032 FDR). WBPaper00040858:eQTL_regulated_aging
  Transcripts that showed significantly increased expression in day 1 adult hermaphrodite comparing to in L4 larva fem-3(q20) animals. Fold change > 2, FDR < 0.05 WBPaper00064088:Day-1-adult_vs_L4_upregulated_fem-3(q20)
  Transcripts that showed significantly decreased expression in day 3 adult hermaphrodite comparing to in L4 larva glp-1(e2141) animals. Fold change > 2, FDR < 0.05 WBPaper00064088:Day-3-adult_vs_L4_downregulated_glp-1(e2141)
Bacteria diet: Sphingomonas aquatilis Yellow. Fed for 30 generations. Transcripts that showed significantly decreased expression after fed by bacteria Sphingomonas aquatilis (Yellow) for 30 generations comparing to animals fed by E. coli OP50. DESeq2 fold change > 2, p-value < 0.01. WBPaper00061007:S.aquatilis_downregulated
Bacteria infection: Bacillus thuringiensis mRNAs that showed significantly decreased expression after pathogenic bacteria Bacillus thuringiensis infections comparing to non pathogenic BT (BT247(1 to 2 mix) vs BT407 12h), according to RNAseq. Cuffdiff, ajusted p-value < 0.01. WBPaper00046497:B.thuringiensis_0.5mix_downregulated_12h
  Transcripts that showed significantly decreased expression in hsp-6(mg585) comparing to in N2 at L4 larva stage. EdgeR, fold change > 2, FDR < 0.001. WBPaper00056290:hsp-6(mg585)_downregulated
  Maternal class (M): genes that are called present in at least one of the three PC6 replicates. A modified Welch F statistic was used for ANOVA. For each gene, regressed error estimates were substituted for observed error estimates. The substitution is justified by the lack of consistency among the most and least variable genes at each time point. Regressed error estimates were abundance-dependent pooled error estimates that represented a median error estimate from a window of genes of similar abundance to the gene of interest. A randomization test was used to compute the probability Pg of the observed F statistic for gene g under the null hypothesis that developmental time had no effect on expression. P-values were not corrected for multiple testing. [cgc5767]:expression_class_M
Bacteria infection: Staphylococcus aureus MW2. 4 hours of exposure. Transcripts that showed significantly increased expression after N2 animals had 4 hours of infection by Staphylococcus aureus (MW2). DEseq 1.18.0, adjusted p-value < 0.05. WBPaper00056471:S.aureus-4h_upregulated_N2
  Strictly maternal class (SM): genes that are the subset of maternal genes that are not also classified as embryonic. A modified Welch F statistic was used for ANOVA. For each gene, regressed error estimates were substituted for observed error estimates. The substitution is justified by the lack of consistency among the most and least variable genes at each time point. Regressed error estimates were abundance-dependent pooled error estimates that represented a median error estimate from a window of genes of similar abundance to the gene of interest. A randomization test was used to compute the probability Pg of the observed F statistic for gene g under the null hypothesis that developmental time had no effect on expression. P-values were not corrected for multiple testing. [cgc5767]:expression_class_SM
  Transcripts that showed significantly altered expression after 24 hour exposure to stavudine (d4T) starting at L1 lava stage. DESeq WBPaper00053302:stavudine_24h_regulated
  Genes down regulated by mir-243(n4759). RNAs that changed at least 2-fold with a probability of p > 0.05 in three biological replicates were considered differentially regulated between wild-type and mir-243. WBPaper00036130:mir-243_down_regulated
25C vs. 20C Transcripts that showed significantly increased expression in 1-day post L4 adult hermaphrodite N2 grown at 25C, comparing to in N2 animals grown at 20C. CuffDiff, fold change > 2. WBPaper00065096:25C_vs_20C_upregulated
  Transcripts that showed significantly increased expression in 10-days post L4 adult hermaphrodite N2 grown at 20C, comparing to in 1-day post L4 adult hermaphrodite N2 animals grown at 20C. CuffDiff, fold change > 2. WBPaper00065096:Day10_vs_Day1_upregulated
  Transcripts that showed significantly decreased expression in tetraploid N2 comparing to diploid N2 animals at L4 larva stage. DESeq2 R package (1.20.0), fold change > 2, and FDR < 0.05. WBPaper00066110:tetraploid_vs_diploid_downregulated
  Transcripts that showed significantly increased expression in mbl-1(syb4318), referred to as mbl-1short(ex7-), comparing to in N2 at L4 larva stage. DESeq2, Fold change > 2 and FDR < 0.05 WBPaper00066410:mbl-1(syb4318)_upregulated
  Genes that showed expression levels higher than the corresponding reference sample (embryonic 0hr reference). A Mann-Whitney U test with an empirical background model and FDR correction for multiple testing was used to detect expressed transcripts (Benjamini and Hochberg 1995). Genes and TARs with an FDR <= 0.05 were reported as expressed above background. Authors detected differentially expressed transcripts using a method based on linear models. Genes and TARs were called differentially expressed if the FDR was <= 0.05 and the fold change (FC) >= 2.0. To more strictly correct for potential false-positives resulting from multiple sample comparisons, authors divided individual FDR estimates by the number of samplesor sample comparisons, respectively. This resulted in an adjusted FDR of 1.3 * 0.0001 for expression above background and of 7.4 * 0.0001 for differential expression. Authors called genes selectively enriched in a given tissue if they met the following requirements: (1) enriched expression in a given tissue (FDR <= 0.05 and FC >= 2.0), (2) fold change versus reference among the upper 40% of the positive FC range observed for this gene across all tissues, and (3) fold-change entropy among the lower 40% of the distribution observed for all genes. WBPaper00037950:germline-precursors_blastula-embryo_expressed
  Transcripts that showed significantly decreased expression in rbr-2(tm3141) comparing to in N2 animals. Mapped reads were analyzed for transcript assembly and differential expression using Cufflinks 2.1.1 with a filter of twofold difference and FDR correction (P < 0.05). WBPaper00050080:rbr-2(tm3141)_downregulated
  Genes that showed expression levels higher than the corresponding reference sample (L3/L4 all cell reference). A Mann-Whitney U test with an empirical background model and FDR correction for multiple testing was used to detect expressed transcripts (Benjamini and Hochberg 1995). Genes and TARs with an FDR <= 0.05 were reported as expressed above background. Authors detected differentially expressed transcripts using a method based on linear models. Genes and TARs were called differentially expressed if the FDR was <= 0.05 and the fold change (FC) >= 2.0. To more strictly correct for potential false-positives resulting from multiple sample comparisons, authors divided individual FDR estimates by the number of samplesor sample comparisons, respectively. This resulted in an adjusted FDR of 1.3 * 0.0001 for expression above background and of 7.4 * 0.0001 for differential expression. Authors called genes selectively enriched in a given tissue if they met the following requirements: (1) enriched expression in a given tissue (FDR <= 0.05 and FC >= 2.0), (2) fold change versus reference among the upper 40% of the positive FC range observed for this gene across all tissues, and (3) fold-change entropy among the lower 40% of the distribution observed for all genes. WBPaper00037950:hypodermis_L3-L4-larva_expressed
  Transcripts that showed significantly increased expression in ilc-17.1(syb5296) comparing to in N2 animals at L4 larva stage. DESeq2, fold change > 2, FDR < 0.05. WBPaper00066594:ilc-17.1(syb5296)_upregulated
  Transcripts detected in germline isolated from day-1 adult hermaphrodite animals. All three experiments have CPM >= 1. WBPaper00067147:germline_expressed
Bacteria: B.thuringiensis Transcripts in elt-2(RNAi) animals that were significantly differentially expressed at least for one time point and one pathogenic strain Bt247 and Bt679 compared to the non pathogenic strain Bt407. Cuffdiff WBPaper00060358:B.thuringiensis_pathogen_regulated_elt-2(RNAi)
  Transcripts that showed altered expression from P0 to F2 generation animals after N2 parental generation were treated with antimycin, but not in damt-1(gk961032) P0 to F2 animals after the parenal generaton were treated with antimycin. N.A. WBPaper00055862:antimycin_damt-1(gk961032)_regulated
Starvation Transcripts that showed significantly altered expression by starvation with 100 mM salt (NaCl) DESeq(version 1.10.1), FDR < 0.05. WBPaper00050726:starvation_regulated_LowSalt

23 Expression Patterns

Remark Reporter Gene Primary Identifier Pattern Subcellular Localization
    Expr1030968 Tiling arrays expression graphs  
    Expr10739 glp-1(2in_493) is expressed in several neuronal precursor including the P blast cells in embryos at the comma stage. After hatching, glp-1(2in_493) expression was detectable in various neurons throughout all larval stages. At the L1-L2 stages, GFP fluorescence was evident in the ventral nerve cord. During the L3-L4 stages, glp-1(2in_493) expression was present in most, if not all, ventral nerve cord neurons. In addition, several neurons in the head and tail regions expressed glp-1(2in_493). For example, most cells of the pharyngeal nerve ring, including certain amphid neurons such as ASK, ADL, ASI and ASH, displayed glp-1(2in_493) expression. Some neuronal cells from the tail, including the phasmid neuron PHB, were also glowing.  
    Expr1538 Rare hypodermal stain, particularly hyp10; very rare pharyngeal stain.  
Picture: Figure 4A, 4B.   Expr8183 GLP-1::YFP expression was observed in head neurons located near the terminal bulb during the dauer stage. Also expressed in ventral cord neurons. The GLP-1::YFP-expressing head neurons accumulate YFP during the dauer stage in two bilateral head neurons. GLP-1::YFP also accumulated throughout the length of the animal in the ventral cord, in axons that appear to emanate from neurons located in the head region.
    Expr9281 glp-1p::GFP expression is observed near the excretory pore, anus, in vulval precursor cells, intestinal cells, and in a few head neurons that could not be identified due to low expression levels.  
    Expr2416 Eleven of the target mRNAs tested were only amplified from wild-type total RNA, whereas three were preferentially amplified from wild type with some amplification from glp-1 null total RNA.  
    Expr14939 All five tagged alleles showed expression in two areas: the distal germline and spermatheca. Signal in the spermatheca was strongest at the membrane but also sometimes visible at a lower level in spermathecal nuclei. Expression in the distal germline was present in both sexes and strongest in the distal-most ~20 rows of germ cells, becoming weaker more proximally. Germ cells in the distal-most gonad showed membrane staining similar to that seen with antibodies to the extracellular domain of GLP-1 (e.g. Crittenden et al., 1994); in addition, staining in the nucleus was detected, but at a low level compared to membrane staining. Expression in L4 and adult animals was not observed outside the gonad or in the male somatic gonad (although we cannot exclude the possibility of expression below our threshold of detection). We also examined pre-gastrulation embryos and observed both membrane and nuclear expression of tagged GLP-1, in a pattern consistent with GLP-1 expression in the AB cell lineage, as reported previously (Evans et al., 1994; Priess, 2005).  
    Expr14940 All five tagged alleles showed expression in two areas: the distal germline and spermatheca. Signal in the spermatheca was strongest at the membrane but also sometimes visible at a lower level in spermathecal nuclei. Expression in the distal germline was present in both sexes and strongest in the distal-most ~20 rows of germ cells, becoming weaker more proximally. Germ cells in the distal-most gonad showed membrane staining similar to that seen with antibodies to the extracellular domain of GLP-1 (e.g. Crittenden et al., 1994); in addition, staining in the nucleus was detected, but at a low level compared to membrane staining. Expression in L4 and adult animals was not observed outside the gonad or in the male somatic gonad (although we cannot exclude the possibility of expression below our threshold of detection). We also examined pre-gastrulation embryos and observed both membrane and nuclear expression of tagged GLP-1, in a pattern consistent with GLP-1 expression in the AB cell lineage, as reported previously (Evans et al., 1994; Priess, 2005).  
    Expr1200001 Data from the TransgeneOme project  
    Expr547 GLP-1 protein and glp-1 mRNA is present in distal germline cells of adult hermaphrodites and males. glp-1 mRNA, but not GLP-1 protein, occurs in oocytes. GLP-1 protein is tightly associated with the lateral and interior plasma membranes of the distal germ cells. Punctate staining associated with internal membranes in germline cells. Membrane-associated GLP-1 is restricted to mitotic germ cells; punctate staining continues in more proximal cells.
    Expr548 GLP-1 protein was seen in mitotic region of wild-type germline. membrane-associated.
    Expr562 At 1 to 40-cell stage, staining is maintained in the germ line and progressively lost from the somatic cells. At 40 to 60-cell stage, staining was seen in 2 them 4 anterior cells. In Z2 and Z3 at bean through pretzel stages.  
the authors did not specify which of the 3 antibodies produced by Crittenden et al.,1994 was used.   Expr13178 GLP-1 is limited to the distal region of the germ line and is primarily membrane associated.  
    Expr10322 Inferred expression. EPIC dataset. http://epic.gs.washington.edu/ Large-scale cellular resolution compendium of gene expression dynamics throughout development. This reporter was inferred to be expressing in this cell or one of its embryonic progenitor cells as described below. To generate a compact description of which cells express a particular reporter irrespective of time, the authors defined a metric "peak expression" for each of the 671 terminal ("leaf") cells born during embryogenesis. For each of these cells, the peak expression is the maximal reporter intensity observed in that cell or any of its ancestors; this has the effect of transposing earlier expression forward in time to the terminal set of cells. This metric allows straightforward comparisons of genes' cellular and lineal expression overlap, even when the expression occurs with different timing and despite differences in the precise time point that curation ended in different movies, at the cost of ignoring the temporal dynamics of expression, a topic that requires separate treatment. For simplicity, the authors use the term "expressing cells" to mean the number of leaf cells (of 671) with peak expression greater than background (2000 intensity units) and at least 10% of the maximum expression in that embryo. Quantitative expression data for all cells are located here: ftp://caltech.wormbase.org/pub/wormbase/datasets-published/murray2012/  
    Expr10321 Inferred expression. EPIC dataset. http://epic.gs.washington.edu/ Large-scale cellular resolution compendium of gene expression dynamics throughout development. This reporter was inferred to be expressing in this cell or one of its embryonic progenitor cells as described below. To generate a compact description of which cells express a particular reporter irrespective of time, the authors defined a metric "peak expression" for each of the 671 terminal ("leaf") cells born during embryogenesis. For each of these cells, the peak expression is the maximal reporter intensity observed in that cell or any of its ancestors; this has the effect of transposing earlier expression forward in time to the terminal set of cells. This metric allows straightforward comparisons of genes' cellular and lineal expression overlap, even when the expression occurs with different timing and despite differences in the precise time point that curation ended in different movies, at the cost of ignoring the temporal dynamics of expression, a topic that requires separate treatment. For simplicity, the authors use the term "expressing cells" to mean the number of leaf cells (of 671) with peak expression greater than background (2000 intensity units) and at least 10% of the maximum expression in that embryo. Quantitative expression data for all cells are located here: ftp://caltech.wormbase.org/pub/wormbase/datasets-published/murray2012/  
Subcellular localization: GLP-1 was found in the cytoplasm at the 2-cell stage, then in cytoplasm and membranes at 4-cell and 8-cell stages. Cytoplasmic GLP-1 fades after the 8-cell stage, and disappears by the 28-cell stage. Membrane-associated GLP-1 is faint by the 28-cell stage. The glp-1 mRNA was distributed uniformly through the 8-cell stage. Levels of glp-1 mRNA decline after the 8-cell stage and largely disappear by the 28-cell stage, though signal consistently persisted later in posterior parts of embryos. mRNA reappears after 100-cell stage, paralleling immunostaining results. early embryo(author) = blastula + gastrulating embryo(curator).   Expr541 Faint expression in AB at 2-cell stage, becoming stronger in AB descendants after 4-cell stage. Signal weakens, between the 8- and 28-cell stages. GLP-1 not detected again until after the 100-cell stage in unidentified cells. GLP-1 was found in the cytoplasm at the 2-cell stage, then in cytoplasm and membranes at 4-cell and 8-cell stages. Cytoplasmic GLP-1 fades after the 8-cell stage, and disappears by the 28-cell stage. Membrane-associated GLP-1 is faint by the 28-cell stage. The glp-1 mRNA was distributed uniformly through the 8-cell stage. Levels of glp-1 mRNA decline after the 8-cell stage and largely disappear by the 28-cell stage, though signal consistently persisted later in posterior parts of embryos. mRNA reappears after 100-cell stage, paralleling immunostaining results.
This information was extracted from published material (Archana Sharma-Oates, Andrew Mounsey and Ian A. Hope).   Expr775 In hermaphrodites, abundant in embryos, detectable at low levels during L1 with increasing level of intensity at each successive larval stage. Abundant in adult.  
    Expr2030346 Single cell embryonic expression. Only cell types with an expression fraction of greater 0.2 of the maximum expressed fraction are labeled (Full data can be downloaded from http://caltech.wormbase.org/pub/wormbase/datasets-published/packer2019/). The colors represent the broad cell class to which the cell type has been assigned. The size of the point is proportional to the log2 of the numbers of cells in the dataset of that cell type. Interactive visualizations are available as a web app (https://cello.shinyapps.io/celegans/) and can also be installed as an R package (https://github.com/qinzhu/VisCello.celegans).  
    Expr2012110 Single cell embryonic expression. Only cell types with an expression fraction of greater 0.2 of the maximum expressed fraction are labeled (Full data can be downloaded from http://caltech.wormbase.org/pub/wormbase/datasets-published/packer2019/). The colors represent the broad cell class to which the cell type has been assigned. The size of the point is proportional to the log2 of the numbers of cells in the dataset of that cell type. Interactive visualizations are available as a web app (https://cello.shinyapps.io/celegans/) and can also be installed as an R package (https://github.com/qinzhu/VisCello.celegans).  
    Expr1147765 Developmental gene expression time-course. Raw data can be downloaded from ftp://caltech.wormbase.org/pub/wormbase/datasets-published/hashimshony2015  
    Expr12523 glp-1::GFP was not detected in any somatic gonadal cell in the L2 stage, suggesting that GLP-1 is not present at the time the b-VU fate is specified.  
    Expr1010229 Developmental gene expression time-course. Raw data can be downloaded from ftp://caltech.wormbase.org/pub/wormbase/datasets-published/levin2012  
This information was extracted from published material (Archana Sharma-Oates, Andrew Mounsey and Ian A. Hope).   Expr772 glp-1 transcript is abundant in early embryos but barely detectable in middle and late embryos. glp-1 transcript is abundant in embryos, present in a low but increasing level during larva development, and abundant again in adults.  

45 GO Annotation

Annotation Extension Qualifier
  enables
  enables
  enables
  enables
  enables
  involved_in
  involved_in
  involved_in
has_input(WB:WBGene00003083)|has_input(WB:WBGene00012104) involved_in
  involved_in
  involved_in
  involved_in
  involved_in
has_input(WB:WBGene00002245) involved_in
has_input(WB:WBGene00006926) involved_in
has_input(WB:WBGene00003229)|has_input(WB:WBGene00004374) involved_in
has_input(WB:WBGene00004374) involved_in
  involved_in
  involved_in
  involved_in
  involved_in
  involved_in
  involved_in
  involved_in
  involved_in
  involved_in
  involved_in
  involved_in
  involved_in
  located_in

5 Homologues

Type
orthologue
orthologue
orthologue
orthologue
orthologue

1 Locations


Feature . Primary Identifier
Start End Strand
WBGene00001609 9092241 9099698 1

45 Ontology Annotations

Annotation Extension Qualifier
  enables
  enables
  enables
  enables
  enables
  involved_in
  involved_in
  involved_in
has_input(WB:WBGene00003083)|has_input(WB:WBGene00012104) involved_in
  involved_in
  involved_in
  involved_in
  involved_in
has_input(WB:WBGene00002245) involved_in
has_input(WB:WBGene00006926) involved_in
has_input(WB:WBGene00003229)|has_input(WB:WBGene00004374) involved_in
has_input(WB:WBGene00004374) involved_in
  involved_in
  involved_in
  involved_in
  involved_in
  involved_in
  involved_in
  involved_in
  involved_in
  involved_in
  involved_in
  involved_in
  involved_in
  located_in

12 Regulates Expr Cluster

Regulated By Treatment Description Algorithm Primary Identifier
  Transcripts that showed significantly increased expression glp-1(e2141); TU3401 animals comparing to in TU3401 animals. Fold change > 2, FDR < 0.01. WBPaper00065993:glp-1(e2141)_upregulated
  Genes with >4.0 fold increased expression in glp-1(ts) animals comparing to in N2 control at 25 centigrade. fold change = glp-1(ts) + vector vs. N2 + vector. Fold change > 4.0 for glp-1(ts) regulated genes, and fold change < 0.67 for skn-1(RNAi) regulated genes. WBPaper00047132:glp-1(ts)-25C_upregulated
  Transcripts that showed significantly decreased expression glp-1(e2141); TU3401 animals comparing to in TU3401 animals. Fold change > 2, FDR < 0.01. WBPaper00065993:glp-1(e2141)_downregulated
  Transcripts activated by glp-1(ar202), a gain-of-function allele of glp-1, in the gld-2(q497) gld-1(q485) background at young adult stage, comparing to glp-1(q175) null allele. edgeR fold change >= 2, FDR <= 0.05. WBPaper00059440:GLP-1_activated
  Proteins down-regulated in glp-1(e2141) mutants vs. wild type N2 The abundance of proteins with a fold change of >1.2 or <0.83 and corrected p-values < 0.05 was considered to be significantly altered in the glp-1 mutant. WBPaper00050686:glp-1(e2141)_downregulated
  Genes with < 0.67 fold decreased expression in skn-1(RNAi) animals comparing to in N2 control at 25 centigrade. Fold change = glp-1(ts) + skn-1 RNAi vs. glp-1(ts) + vector Fold change > 4.0 for glp-1(ts) regulated genes, and fold change < 0.67 for skn-1(RNAi) regulated genes. WBPaper00047132:skn-1(RNAi)_downregulated_glp-1(ts)-dependent
  Genes with higher expression in glp-1(oz112) mutants than in wild type animals. (> 1.8-fold, p<0.01; based on four independently prepared sets of samples). The data were analyzed as described previously (Reinke et al., 2004), with a cut-off of > 1.8, p < 0.001 (Student's t test) used to define the 202 genes with enriched expression in the glp-1(oz112) mutant relative to controls. WBPaper00036429:glp-1(oz112)_upregulated
  Transcripts that showed significantly decreased expression in the dissected gonads of gld-2(q492) gld-1(q485) (I); glp-1(ar202)(III) (glp-1(gf) NOTCH ON), comparing to in the dissected gonads of gld-2(q492) gld-1(q485) (I); glp-1(e2144) (glp-1(lf) NOTCH OFF) Fold change > 2. WBPaper00050094:glp-1(gf)_downregulated
  Transcripts repressed by glp-1(ar202), a gain-of-function allele of glp-1, in the gld-2(q497) gld-1(q485) background at young adult stage, comparing to glp-1(q175) null allele. edgeR fold change >= 2, FDR <= 0.05. WBPaper00059440:GLP-1_represseded
  Transcripts that showed significantly increased expression in the dissected gonads of gld-2(q492) gld-1(q485) (I); glp-1(ar202)(III) (glp-1(gf) NOTCH ON), comparing to in the dissected gonads of gld-2(q492) gld-1(q485) (I); glp-1(e2144) (glp-1(lf) NOTCH OFF) Fold change > 2. WBPaper00050094:glp-1(gf)_upregulated
  Proteins up-regulated in glp-1(e2141) mutants vs. wild type N2 The abundance of proteins with a fold change of >1.2 or <0.83 and corrected p-values < 0.05 was considered to be significantly altered in the glp-1 mutant. WBPaper00050686:glp-1(e2141)_upregulated
  Genes with >4.0 fold increased expression in glp-1(ts) animals comparing to in N2 control at 25 centigrade, and the change was dependent on skn-1(RNAi). fold change FC1 > 4.0 for glp-1(ts) + vector vs. N2 + vector; fold change FC2 < 0.67 for glp-1(ts) + skn-1 RNAi vs. glp-1(ts) + vector Fold change > 4.0 for glp-1(ts) regulated genes, and fold change < 0.67 for skn-1(RNAi) regulated genes. WBPaper00047132:glp-1(ts)-25C_upregulated_skn-1-dependent

1 Sequence

Length
7458

1 Sequence Ontology Term

Identifier Name Description
gene  

260 Strains

WormBase ID
WBStrain00022655
WBStrain00022689
WBStrain00022686
WBStrain00022690
WBStrain00022514
WBStrain00022516
WBStrain00022512
WBStrain00022519
WBStrain00022527
WBStrain00022529
WBStrain00022530
WBStrain00022536
WBStrain00022538
WBStrain00022531
WBStrain00022532
WBStrain00022539
WBStrain00022547
WBStrain00022542
WBStrain00022551
WBStrain00022555
WBStrain00022579
WBStrain00022742
WBStrain00022162
WBStrain00022474
WBStrain00022364
WBStrain00022370
WBStrain00023523
WBStrain00023571
WBStrain00024105
WBStrain00024046

1 Upstream Intergenic Region

WormBase ID Name Sequence Name Length (nt) Chromosome Location Organism
intergenic_region_chrIII_9089376..9092240   2865 III: 9089376-9092240 Caenorhabditis elegans