WormMine

WS295

Intermine data mining platform for C. elegans and related nematodes

Gene :

WormBase Gene ID  ? WBGene00001863 Gene Name  him-4
Sequence Name  ? F15G9.4 Brief Description  The him-4 gene encodes a large (5198-residue) extracellular protein, called 'hemicentin', that belongs to the immunoglobulin superfamily.
Organism  Caenorhabditis elegans Automated Description  An extracellular matrix structural constituent. Involved in basement membrane disassembly. Located in basement membrane. Expressed in body wall musculature; germ cell; germ line; gonad; and pharynx. Human ortholog(s) of this gene implicated in age related macular degeneration 1. Is an ortholog of human HMCN1 (hemicentin 1).
Biotype  SO:0001217 Genetic Position  X :1.4617 ±0.010587
Length (nt)  ? 36200
Quick Links:
 
Quick Links:
 

1 Organism

Name Taxon Id
Caenorhabditis elegans 6239

1 Synonyms

Value
WBGene00001863

Genomics

6 Transcripts

WormMine ID Sequence Name Length (nt) Chromosome Location
Transcript:F15G9.4b.1 F15G9.4b.1 15853   X: 9717565-9753764
Transcript:F15G9.4d.1 F15G9.4d.1 12156   X: 9717626-9747066
Transcript:F15G9.4a.1 F15G9.4a.1 15720   X: 9717626-9753761
Transcript:F15G9.4e.1 F15G9.4e.1 15303   X: 9718417-9753569
Transcript:F15G9.4f.1 F15G9.4f.1 15234   X: 9718417-9753569
Transcript:F15G9.4c.1 F15G9.4c.1 639   X: 9752701-9753569
 

Other

6 CDSs

WormMine ID Sequence Name Length (nt) Chromosome Location
CDS:F15G9.4d F15G9.4d 11889   X: 9717626-9717878
CDS:F15G9.4a F15G9.4a 15528   X: 9717626-9717878
CDS:F15G9.4e F15G9.4e 15303   X: 9718417-9718480
CDS:F15G9.4f F15G9.4f 15234   X: 9718417-9718480
CDS:F15G9.4b F15G9.4b 15597   X: 9717626-9717878
CDS:F15G9.4c F15G9.4c 639   X: 9752701-9752842

23 RNAi Result

WormBase ID
WBRNAi00107714
WBRNAi00001566
WBRNAi00001875
WBRNAi00044756
WBRNAi00008652
WBRNAi00025116
WBRNAi00109235
WBRNAi00116156
WBRNAi00099881
WBRNAi00109623
WBRNAi00100768
WBRNAi00099679
WBRNAi00099275
WBRNAi00099477
WBRNAi00100020
WBRNAi00100394
WBRNAi00109332
WBRNAi00100207
WBRNAi00112365
WBRNAi00100581
WBRNAi00100955
WBRNAi00109526
WBRNAi00109429

574 Allele

Public Name
gk964260
gk962707
WBVar01927993
WBVar01927994
gk964126
gk615221
gk677785
gk964352
ttTi1223
gk964353
gk434855
WBVar01758955
WBVar01758954
WBVar01758957
WBVar01758956
WBVar01758959
WBVar01758958
WBVar01758960
WBVar01758962
WBVar01758961
WBVar01758963
rh166
rh306
rh321
rh319
WBVar01693669
WBVar02065741
WBVar02065742
WBVar02065745
WBVar02065746

1 Chromosome

WormBase ID Organism Length (nt)
X Caenorhabditis elegans 17718942  

1 Chromosome Location


Feature . Primary Identifier
Start End Strand
WBGene00001863 9717565 9753764 1

3 Data Sets

Name URL
WormBaseAcedbConverter  
GO Annotation data set  
C. elegans genomic annotations (GFF3 Gene)  

1 Downstream Intergenic Region

WormBase ID Name Sequence Name Length (nt) Chromosome Location Organism
intergenic_region_chrX_9753765..9754601   837 X: 9753765-9754601 Caenorhabditis elegans

218 Expression Clusters

Regulated By Treatment Description Algorithm Primary Identifier
  oocyte proteins identified by two or more unique peptides during proteomics study. In the pooled data set, 1453 C. elegans proteins were identified with a probability >= 0.9 according to ProteinProphet, of which 1165 proteins were identified by more than one unique peptide. WBPaper00038289:oocyte_protein
  Genes with expression altered >= 3-fold in dpy-10(e128) mutants. Data across the wild type series was analyzed using the Significance analysis of Microarrays (SAM) algorithm (to calculate the False Discovery Rate (FDR)). WBPaper00035873:dpy-10_regulated
  Transcripts that showed significantly increased expression in L1 neural cells comparing to in adult neural cells. DESeq2 (v1.18.1) fold change > 2, P-adj<0.05, using BenjaminiHochberg correction. WBPaper00060811:L1_vs_adult_upregulated_neural
  Transcripts expressed in neuronal cells, by analyzingfluorescence-activated cell sorted (FACS) neurons. DESeq. False discovry rate (FDR) < 0.1. WBPaper00048988:neuron_expressed
adult vs dauer larva Transcripts that showed differential expression in adult vs dauer lava in N2 animals at 20C. N.A. WBPaper00050488:adult_vs_dauer_regulated_N2_20C
  TGF- Dauer pathway adult transcriptional targets. Results obtained by comparing the microarray results of the dauer-constitutive mutants daf-7(e1372), daf-7(m62), and daf-1(m40) with dauer-defective mutants daf-3(mgDf90), daf-5(e1386), and daf-7(e1372);daf-3(mgDf90) double mutants at the permissive temperature, 20C, on the first day of adulthood. SAM WBPaper00031040:TGF-beta_adult_upregulated
  Genes that showed expression levels higher than the corresponding reference sample (embryonic 24hr reference). A Mann-Whitney U test with an empirical background model and FDR correction for multiple testing was used to detect expressed transcripts (Benjamini and Hochberg 1995). Genes and TARs with an FDR <= 0.05 were reported as expressed above background. Authors detected differentially expressed transcripts using a method based on linear models. Genes and TARs were called differentially expressed if the FDR was <= 0.05 and the fold change (FC) >= 2.0. To more strictly correct for potential false-positives resulting from multiple sample comparisons, authors divided individual FDR estimates by the number of samplesor sample comparisons, respectively. This resulted in an adjusted FDR of 1.3 * 0.0001 for expression above background and of 7.4 * 0.0001 for differential expression. Authors called genes selectively enriched in a given tissue if they met the following requirements: (1) enriched expression in a given tissue (FDR <= 0.05 and FC >= 2.0), (2) fold change versus reference among the upper 40% of the positive FC range observed for this gene across all tissues, and (3) fold-change entropy among the lower 40% of the distribution observed for all genes. WBPaper00037950:bodywall-muscle_L1-larva_expressed
  Transcripts that showed significantly increased expression glp-1(e2141); TU3401 animals comparing to in TU3401 animals. Fold change > 2, FDR < 0.01. WBPaper00065993:glp-1(e2141)_upregulated
  Genes that were upregulated in lin-15B(n744). For each gene in each microarray hybridization experiment, the ratio of RNA levels from the two samples was transformed into a log2 value and the mean log2 ratio was calculated. The log2 ratios were normalized by print-tip Loess normalization (Dudoit and Yang, 2002). All genes with a false discovery rate of <= 5% (q <= 0.05) (Storey and Tibshirani, 2003) and a mean fold-change ratio of >= 1.5 were selected for further analysis. WBPaper00038168:lin-15B(n744)_upregulated
Bacteria infection: Enterococcus faecalis OG1RF. Exposure for 16 hours. Transcripts that showed significantly decreased expression in N2 after animals were exposed to E. faecalis OG1RF for 16 hours comparing to exposure to E. Coli OP50. Cuffcompare and Cuffdiff WBPaper00056090:E.faecalis_downregulated_N2
Heat shock: 35C for 1 hour. Transcripts that showed significantly increased expression immediately after 1-day post L4 adult hermaphrodite N2 animals were exposed to 35C for 1 hour. The DESeq2 (GalaxyVersion 2.11.40.6 + galaxy1) was used to determine differentiallyexpressed features from count tables of differential transcript abundances. log2FC > 1, FDR < 0.01. WBPaper00065749:Heat-Shock_upregulated_N2
  Proteins interacting with NHR-49-GFP according to co-IP and LC-MS. N.A. WBPaper00064071:NHR-49_interacting
  Transcripts expressed in body muscle, according to PAT-Seq analysis using Pmyo-3-GFP-3XFLAG mRNA tagging. Cufflinks FPKM value >=1. WBPaper00050990:body-muscle_expressed
  Transcripts that showed significantly decreased expression at 5-days-post L4 adult N2 hermaphrodites comparing to 1-day-post L4 adult N2 hermaphrodites. DESeq2, fold change > 2, FDR < 0.05 WBPaper00065835:Day5_vs_Day1_downregulated
  Transcripts expressed in GABAergic neuron, according to PAT-Seq analysis using Punc-47-GFP-3XFLAG mRNA tagging. Cufflinks FPKM value >=1. WBPaper00050990:GABAergic-neuron_expressed
  Transcripts that showed significantly decreased expression at 11-days-post L4 adult N2 hermaphrodites comparing to 1-day-post L4 adult N2 hermaphrodites. DESeq2, fold change > 2, FDR < 0.05 WBPaper00065835:Day11_vs_Day1_downregulated
  Transcripts expressed in hypodermis, according to PAT-Seq analysis using Pdpy-7-GFP-3XFLAG mRNA tagging. Cufflinks FPKM value >=1. WBPaper00050990:hypodermis_expressed
  Transcripts expressed in NMDA neuron, according to PAT-Seq analysis using Pnmr-1-GFP-3XFLAG mRNA tagging. Cufflinks FPKM value >=1. WBPaper00050990:NMDA-neuron_expressed
  Genes with expression level regulated by genotype (N2 vs CB4856) and age at old adults stage (214 hours at 24 centigrade). For model 2, authors used 100 permutations to estimate the FDR threshold. Per permutation, genotypes and ages were independently randomly distributed, keeping the among-gene structure intact. Then for each spot (23,232) on the array, model 2 was tested. The obtained P-values were used to estimate a threshold for each of the explanatory factors. Authors also used a genome-wide threshold of -log10 P-value = 2, which resembles an FDR of 0.072 and 0.060 for marker and the interaction age-marker for the developing worms and FDR of 0.050 and 0.065 for marker and age-marker for the aging worms. For the physiological age effect, authors used a log10 P-value = 8 in developing worms (0.012 FDR) and -log10 P-value = 6 (0.032 FDR). WBPaper00040858:eQTL_age_regulated_aging
  Genes with expression level regulated by genotype (N2 vs CB4856) and age at L3 larva and Late reproduction stage (96 hours at 24 centigrade). For model 2, authors used 100 permutations to estimate the FDR threshold. Per permutation, genotypes and ages were independently randomly distributed, keeping the among-gene structure intact. Then for each spot (23,232) on the array, model 2 was tested. The obtained P-values were used to estimate a threshold for each of the explanatory factors. Authors also used a genome-wide threshold of -log10 P-value = 2, which resembles an FDR of 0.072 and 0.060 for marker and the interaction age-marker for the developing worms and FDR of 0.050 and 0.065 for marker and age-marker for the aging worms. For the physiological age effect, authors used a log10 P-value = 8 in developing worms (0.012 FDR) and -log10 P-value = 6 (0.032 FDR). WBPaper00040858:eQTL_age_regulated_developing
  Transcripts expressed in seam cells, according to PAT-Seq analysis using Pgrd-10-GFP-3XFLAG mRNA tagging. Cufflinks FPKM value >=1. WBPaper00050990:seam_expressed
  Transcripts that showed significantly decreased expression in day 3 adult hermaphrodite comparing to in L4 larva daf-16(mu86);glp-1(e2141) animals. Fold change > 2, FDR < 0.05 WBPaper00064088:Day-3-adult_vs_L4_downregulated_daf-16(mu86);glp-1(e2141)
  Transcripts that showed significantly decreased expression in day 3 adult hermaphrodite comparing to in L4 larva glp-1(e2141) animals. Fold change > 2, FDR < 0.05 WBPaper00064088:Day-3-adult_vs_L4_downregulated_glp-1(e2141)
  Transcripts that showed significantly increased expression in sin-3(tm1276) comparing to in N2. DESeq2, fold change > 2, p-value < 0.01. WBPaper00061203:sin-3(tm1276)_upregulated
Dietary restriction Transcripts that showed significantly decreased expression after N2 animals were under dietary restriction (DR, OP50 OD = 0.1) from 3-day post L4 till 6-day post L4 adult hermaphrodite stage, comparing to under ad libtum (AL, OP50 OD = 3) condition. Bioconductor package edgeR, p < 0.05. WBPaper00056443:DietaryRestriction_downregulated
  Genes that showed significantly increased expression in daf-2(e1370);hel-1(gk148684) comparing to in hel-1(gk148684) To identify DEGs, Students t test and the log2 median ratio test were performed to compute t values and median ratios for all the annotated genes. The adjusted P values from each test were computed using an empirical distribution of the null hypothesis, which was obtained from random permutations of the samples. Finally, the adjusted P values from the individual tests were combined to compute the overall P values using Stouffers method , and genes with overall P < 0.05 and fold change > 1.5 were selected as DEGs. WBPaper00047131:daf-2(e1370)_upregulated_hel-1(gk148684)-background
  Transcripts that showed significantly decreased expression in N2 animals exposed to 0.1mM Paraquat from hatching to reaching adult stage. DESeq2 version 1.22.2, p < 0.05 WBPaper00064716:paraquat_downregulated
  Significantly differentially expressed genes as determined by microarray analysis of wild-type and cde-1 mutant germlines. RNAs that changed at least 2-fold with a probability of p < 0.05 were considered differentially regulated between wildtype and cde-1. WBPaper00035269:cde-1_regulated
Transgeneration hypoxia treatment. Transcripts that are significantly upregulated in F1 animals after P0 parents were exposed to 0.1% oxygen for 16 hours at L4 larva stage. For calling the significant differentially expressed genes (DEGs),the false discovery rate (FDR) after multiple testing correction was set as 0.05 and analyzed in edgeR. WBPaper00064871:hypoxia_upregulated_F1
  Transcripts that showed significantly decreased expression in sin-3(tm1276) comparing to in N2 at early embryo when there were only 3 -5 eggs in the adult. DESeq2, fold change > 2, adjusted p-value < 0.01 WBPaper00058598:sin-3(tm1276)_downregulated

12 Expression Patterns

Remark Reporter Gene Primary Identifier Pattern Subcellular Localization
    Expr1031096 Tiling arrays expression graphs  
Strain: BC13149 [him-4::gfp] transcriptional fusion. PCR products were amplified using primer A: 5' [ACAACGGAATGCCTGAAAAC] 3' and primer B 5' [GACTCCGTCCGATTTTTGAA] 3'. Expr5771 Adult Expression: body wall muscle; Larval Expression: body wall muscle;  
    Expr1019567 Developmental gene expression time-course. Raw data can be downloaded from ftp://caltech.wormbase.org/pub/wormbase/datasets-published/levin2012  
    Expr15292 As expected, localization of mkate2::HIM-4 to the pharyngeal basement membrane was observed at the L1 stage. In contrast to the uniform localization on the basement membrane of type IV collagen or nidogen, which are major components of the basement membrane, that of mkate2::HIM-4 was polarized at the anterior part of the pharyngeal basement membrane. A unique polarized localization pattern was also observed in the pharyngeal basement membrane at stage L4. These observations indicate that polarized HIM-4 localization in the anterior part of the pharyngeal BM is maintained throughout the L1-L4 stages. The localization was also observed at the rachis during gonadal development at the L4 stage; this observation was consistent with that of previous reports.  
Refer to Birchall,Fishpool & Albertson (1995) life_stage summary : postembryonic   Expr2 Post-embryonic expression. punctate signal body muscle  
BWMs expressing DsRed2 driven from the muscle-specific C26G2.1 promoter showed no differences from Mb::YFP in arm morphology or the number of arms observed with the two different reporters. Therefore Mb::YFP driven from him-4p does not interfere with muscle arm number or morphology and is a useful tool to study muscle membrane extension. Picture: Figure 1D, 1E, 2A   Marker8 Expressed in only a subset of distal body wall muscles(BWM) and therefore enables the clear visualization of individual muscle arms. Expression of Mb::YFP from him-4p in first larval-stage (L1) larvae was limited to four distal BMWs posterior to the neck muscles in each quadrant. As development continued, two more distal BWMs posterior to the initial four in each quadrant also expressed Mb::YFP, albeit at lower levels. muscle arms
    Expr879 Excepting body wall muscles and gonadal leaders, described below, no other cells were observed to express SP-GFP-hemicentin. Body wall muscles: Beginning in late embryogenesis (approx. 500 minutes), and continuing through adulthood, hemicentin is synthesized by lateral body wall muscle cells along the entire length of the animal, excepting cells six and eight near the nerve ring. Medial body wall muscle cells express little if any hemicentin. Gonadal leaders (hermaphrodite): Beginning soon after their genesis in late L1 stage, hermaphrodite distal-tip cells express hemicentin continuously throughout development. The anchor cell, or proximal leader, expresses hemicentin beginning in early L3 stage soon after cell commitment. SP-GFP-hemicentin diffuses throughout the utse syncytium at this time, but it is not known whether him-4 is transcribed in nuclei other than the anchor. In the adult, all expression within the utse syncytium ceases. Gonadal leaders (male): In the male, distal-tip cells never express hemicentin. The linker cell, or proximal leader, expresses hemicentin beginning at early L2 stage.  
    Expr11540   Hemicentin assembles at the cleavage furrow of C.elegans germ cells. Hemicentin::GFP concentrates in a ring around incomplete cleavage furrows in germ cell plasma membranes.
    Expr1148719 Developmental gene expression time-course. Raw data can be downloaded from ftp://caltech.wormbase.org/pub/wormbase/datasets-published/hashimshony2015  
    Expr2030665 Single cell embryonic expression. Only cell types with an expression fraction of greater 0.2 of the maximum expressed fraction are labeled (Full data can be downloaded from http://caltech.wormbase.org/pub/wormbase/datasets-published/packer2019/). The colors represent the broad cell class to which the cell type has been assigned. The size of the point is proportional to the log2 of the numbers of cells in the dataset of that cell type. Interactive visualizations are available as a web app (https://cello.shinyapps.io/celegans/) and can also be installed as an R package (https://github.com/qinzhu/VisCello.celegans).  
    Expr12100   Hemicentin was deposited at low levels throughout the ventral and gonadal basal membranes (BMs), and accumulated in track-like lines at the edges of the ventral BM. Notably, prior to invasion (from P6.p one-cell stage to mid P6.p two-cell stage), hemicentin accumulated in punctae precisely under the AC. The approximate size of the hemicentin structures was similar to the size of the BM-BM adhesions observed with electron microscopy (187.2 ± 0.8 nm, n = 104 structures in 23 worms). Time-lapse imaging revealed that hemicentin structures were static and new punctae continued to form throughout the course of AC invasion. Once formed, the hemicentin structures remained within the BM under the AC and did not disassemble during invasion (n = 132 punctae in 22 animals). Hemicentin punctae are tightly associated with the BM and are present at the time and location of BM-BM adherence.
    Expr2012429 Single cell embryonic expression. Only cell types with an expression fraction of greater 0.2 of the maximum expressed fraction are labeled (Full data can be downloaded from http://caltech.wormbase.org/pub/wormbase/datasets-published/packer2019/). The colors represent the broad cell class to which the cell type has been assigned. The size of the point is proportional to the log2 of the numbers of cells in the dataset of that cell type. Interactive visualizations are available as a web app (https://cello.shinyapps.io/celegans/) and can also be installed as an R package (https://github.com/qinzhu/VisCello.celegans).  

11 GO Annotation

Annotation Extension Qualifier
  located_in
  located_in
  involved_in
  located_in
  involved_in
  involved_in
  involved_in
  involved_in
  enables
  enables
adjacent_to(WBbt:0008125) located_in

0 Homologues

1 Locations


Feature . Primary Identifier
Start End Strand
WBGene00001863 9717565 9753764 1

11 Ontology Annotations

Annotation Extension Qualifier
  located_in
  located_in
  involved_in
  located_in
  involved_in
  involved_in
  involved_in
  involved_in
  enables
  enables
adjacent_to(WBbt:0008125) located_in

0 Regulates Expr Cluster

1 Sequence

Length
36200

1 Sequence Ontology Term

Identifier Name Description
gene  

10 Strains

WormBase ID
WBStrain00033418
WBStrain00033419
WBStrain00050775
WBStrain00054901
WBStrain00003952
WBStrain00006190
WBStrain00006191
WBStrain00004284
WBStrain00004285
WBStrain00002491

1 Upstream Intergenic Region

WormBase ID Name Sequence Name Length (nt) Chromosome Location Organism
intergenic_region_chrX_9713714..9717564   3851 X: 9713714-9717564 Caenorhabditis elegans