WormMine: Gene WBGene00002231

• WormBase Gene ID: WBGene00002231
• Gene Name: knl-1
• Sequence Name: C02F5.1
• Brief Description: knl-1 encodes a novel acidic protein with a coiled-coil region at its C-terminus; KNL-1 is an essential kinetochore component that is required for proper spindle elongation and chromosome separation, and in the kinetochore assembly pathway, plays a key role in linking the initiation of kinetochore formation with the construction of a functional microtubule-binding interface; in the assembly pathway, KNL-1 functions downstream of the DNA-proximal kinetochore components CeCENP-A/HCP-3 and CeCENP-B/HCP-4 and upstream of the outer kinetochore components HIM-10/Nuf2p, NDC-80/HEC1, CeBUB-1, HCP-1, and CeCLASP2/CLS-2; in expression studies in the one-cell embryo, KNL-1 localizes to kinetochores throughout mitosis.
• Organism: Caenorhabditis elegans
• Automated Description: Enables microtubule binding activity. Involved in several processes, including nuclear chromosome segregation; regulation of cell cycle process; and spindle organization. Located in chromatin and kinetochore. Part of outer kinetochore. Expressed in nerve ring neurons.
• Biotype: SO:0001217
• Genetic Position: III :-0.353023 ±0.000263
• Length (nt): 3312

1 Organism

• Name: Caenorhabditis elegans
• Taxon Id: 6239

1 Synonyms

• Value: WBGene00002231

Genomics

1 Transcripts

WormMine ID	Sequence Name	Length (nt)	Chromosome Location
Transcript:C02F5.1.1	C02F5.1.1	3037	III: 8250632-8253943

Other

1 CDSs

WormMine ID	Sequence Name	Length (nt)	Chromosome Location
CDS:C02F5.1	C02F5.1	3033	III: 8250636-8250781

23 RNAi Result

• WBRNAi00084885
• WBRNAi00028357
• WBRNAi00008326
• WBRNAi00084090
• WBRNAi00084887
• WBRNAi00084888
• WBRNAi00084899
• WBRNAi00039443
• WBRNAi00084890
• WBRNAi00000149
• WBRNAi00002517
• WBRNAi00002819
• WBRNAi00039442
• WBRNAi00024450
• WBRNAi00062761
• WBRNAi00084074
• WBRNAi00084080
• WBRNAi00084889
• WBRNAi00114456
• WBRNAi00114455
• WBRNAi00084898
• WBRNAi00110777
• WBRNAi00084906

39 Allele

• gk964518
• gk963887
• gk962865
• h6979
• WBVar01447044
• WBVar01447042
• gk677950
• gk915125
• gk709434
• gk892254
• gk670343
• WBVar01331518
• gk917497
• WBVar01331519
• gk935072
• gk494629
• gk637765
• gk686697
• gk881862
• gk651801
• gk674520
• gk716912
• WBVar02113601
• gk394377
• gk812135
• gk179823
• gk725486
• tm11830
• gk878605
• gk756724

1 Chromosome

• WormBase ID: III
• Organism: Caenorhabditis elegans
• Length (nt): 13783801

1 Chromosome Location

• Feature . Primary Identifier: WBGene00002231
• Start: 8250632
• End: 8253943
• Strand: 1

3 Data Sets

• WormBaseAcedbConverter
• GO Annotation data set
• C. elegans genomic annotations (GFF3 Gene)

1 Downstream Intergenic Region

• WormBase ID: intergenic_region_chrIII_8253944..8254974
• Length (nt): 1031
• Chromosome Location: III: 8253944-8254974
• Organism: Caenorhabditis elegans

191 Expression Clusters

Regulated By Treatment	Description	Algorithm	Primary Identifier
	oocyte proteins identified by two or more unique peptides during proteomics study.	In the pooled data set, 1453 C. elegans proteins were identified with a probability >= 0.9 according to ProteinProphet, of which 1165 proteins were identified by more than one unique peptide.	WBPaper00038289:oocyte_protein
	Genes with expression altered >= 3-fold in dpy-10(e128) mutants.	Data across the wild type series was analyzed using the Significance analysis of Microarrays (SAM) algorithm (to calculate the False Discovery Rate (FDR)).	WBPaper00035873:dpy-10_regulated
	Transcripts of coding genes that showed significantly decreased expression in muscle.	DESeq2 (version 1.24.0). Transcripts with a false-discovery rate adjusted p-value less than 0.05 were considered significantly differentially expressed.	WBPaper00062325:muscle_depleted_coding-RNA
	Transcripts expressed in neuronal cells, by analyzingfluorescence-activated cell sorted (FACS) neurons.	DESeq. False discovry rate (FDR) < 0.1.	WBPaper00048988:neuron_expressed
adult vs dauer larva	Transcripts that showed differential expression in adult vs dauer lava in N2 animals at 20C.	N.A.	WBPaper00050488:adult_vs_dauer_regulated_N2_20C
	Transcripts that showed significantly decreased expression in AGP22 [nhr-49(nr2041)I;glp-1(e2141)III] comparing to in CF1903 [glp-1(e2144)III] at Day 2 adults.	Fold change > 2, p Value of < 0.05 and a false discovery rate (FDR) of < 0.05.	WBPaper00061530:nhr-49(e2144)_downregulated
Osmotic stress	Transcripts that showed significantly altered expression with 500 mM salt (NaCl) vs 100 mM salt when food was present	DESeq(version 1.10.1), FDR < 0.05.	WBPaper00050726:OsmoticStress_regulated_Food
Osmotic stress	Transcripts that showed significantly altered expression with 500 mM salt (NaCl) vs 100 mM salt when no food was present	DESeq(version 1.10.1), FDR < 0.05.	WBPaper00050726:OsmoticStress_regulated_NoFood
	Transcripts that showed significantly increased expression after animals were treated with 100uM Rapamycin and 50mM Metformin from day 1 to day 3 adult hermaphradite.	DESeq2(v1.14.1), fold change > 2, p-value < 0.05	WBPaper00055354:Rapamycin-Metformin_upregulated
Bacteria infection: Enterococcus faecalis OG1RF. Exposure for 16 hours.	Transcripts that showed significantly decreased expression in N2 after animals were exposed to E. faecalis OG1RF for 16 hours comparing to exposure to E. Coli OP50.	Cuffcompare and Cuffdiff	WBPaper00056090:E.faecalis_downregulated_N2
	Transcripts expressed in hypodermis, according to PAT-Seq analysis using Pdpy-7-GFP-3XFLAG mRNA tagging.	Cufflinks FPKM value >=1.	WBPaper00050990:hypodermis_expressed
	Transcripts expressed in intestine, according to PAT-Seq analysis using Pges-1-GFP-3XFLAG mRNA tagging.	Cufflinks FPKM value >=1.	WBPaper00050990:intestine_expressed
	Transcripts expressed in NMDA neuron, according to PAT-Seq analysis using Pnmr-1-GFP-3XFLAG mRNA tagging.	Cufflinks FPKM value >=1.	WBPaper00050990:NMDA-neuron_expressed
	Transcripts that showed significantly increased expression in day 1 adult hermaphrodite comparing to in L4 larva fem-3(q20) animals.	Fold change > 2, FDR < 0.05	WBPaper00064088:Day-1-adult_vs_L4_upregulated_fem-3(q20)
	Transcripts that showed significantly decreased expression in day 3 adult hermaphrodite comparing to in L4 larva daf-16(mu86);glp-1(e2141) animals.	Fold change > 2, FDR < 0.05	WBPaper00064088:Day-3-adult_vs_L4_downregulated_daf-16(mu86);glp-1(e2141)
	Transcripts that showed significantly decreased expression in day 3 adult hermaphrodite comparing to in L4 larva glp-1(e2141) animals.	Fold change > 2, FDR < 0.05	WBPaper00064088:Day-3-adult_vs_L4_downregulated_glp-1(e2141)
	Transcripts that showed significantly increased expression in day 3 adult hermaphrodite comparing to in L4 larva fem-3(q20) animals.	Fold change > 2, FDR < 0.05	WBPaper00064088:Day-3-adult_vs_L4_upregulated_fem-3(q20)
	Transcripts detected in germline isolated from day-1 adult hermaphrodite animals.	All three experiments have CPM >= 1.	WBPaper00067147:germline_expressed
Bacteria infection: Bacillus thuringiensis	mRNAs that showed significantly decreased expression after pathogenic bacteria Bacillus thuringiensis infections comparing to non pathogenic BT (BT247(1 to 10 mix) vs BT407 12h), according to RNAseq.	Cuffdiff, ajusted p-value < 0.01.	WBPaper00046497:B.thuringiensis_0.1mix_downregulated_12h
Bacteria infection: Bacillus thuringiensis	mRNAs that showed significantly decreased expression after pathogenic bacteria Bacillus thuringiensis infections comparing to non pathogenic BT (BT247(1 to 2 mix) vs BT407 12h), according to RNAseq.	Cuffdiff, ajusted p-value < 0.01.	WBPaper00046497:B.thuringiensis_0.5mix_downregulated_12h
	Transcripts that showed significantly increased expression in enriched nuclei of daf-2(e1370) comparing to in wild type nuclei.	edgeR, fold change > 2, FDR < 0.05	WBPaper00067267:daf-2(e1370)_upregulated_nuclei
	Transcripts that showed significantly increased expression in animals exposed to 400uM tamoxifen from L1 to L4 larva stage.	DEseq2, fold change > 2	WBPaper00064505:tamoxifen_upregulated
	Transcripts that showed significantly altered expression after 24 hour exposure to stavudine (d4T) starting at L1 lava stage.	DESeq	WBPaper00053302:stavudine_24h_regulated
	Genes down regulated by mir-243(n4759).	RNAs that changed at least 2-fold with a probability of p > 0.05 in three biological replicates were considered differentially regulated between wild-type and mir-243.	WBPaper00036130:mir-243_down_regulated
25C vs. 20C	Transcripts that showed significantly increased expression in 1-day post L4 adult hermaphrodite N2 grown at 25C, comparing to in N2 animals grown at 20C.	CuffDiff, fold change > 2.	WBPaper00065096:25C_vs_20C_upregulated
	Transcripts that showed significantly increased expression in 10-days post L4 adult hermaphrodite N2 grown at 20C, comparing to in 1-day post L4 adult hermaphrodite N2 animals grown at 20C.	CuffDiff, fold change > 2.	WBPaper00065096:Day10_vs_Day1_upregulated
	Transcripts that showed significantly decreased expression in tetraploid N2 comparing to diploid N2 animals at L4 larva stage.	DESeq2 R package (1.20.0), fold change > 2, and FDR < 0.05.	WBPaper00066110:tetraploid_vs_diploid_downregulated
	Proteins that showed significantly decreased expression in 1-day-old sek-1(km4) adults comparing to in wild type animals, both with 6 hours of cisplatin treatment.	The differential expression analysis was performed in R. Differentially expressed proteins were identified by using a two-sided t-test on log-transformed data.	WBPaper00065373:sek-1(km4)_downregulated_cisplatin
	Genes that showed expression levels higher than the corresponding reference sample (L3/L4 all cell reference).	A Mann-Whitney U test with an empirical background model and FDR correction for multiple testing was used to detect expressed transcripts (Benjamini and Hochberg 1995). Genes and TARs with an FDR <= 0.05 were reported as expressed above background. Authors detected differentially expressed transcripts using a method based on linear models. Genes and TARs were called differentially expressed if the FDR was <= 0.05 and the fold change (FC) >= 2.0. To more strictly correct for potential false-positives resulting from multiple sample comparisons, authors divided individual FDR estimates by the number of samplesor sample comparisons, respectively. This resulted in an adjusted FDR of 1.3 * 0.0001 for expression above background and of 7.4 * 0.0001 for differential expression. Authors called genes selectively enriched in a given tissue if they met the following requirements: (1) enriched expression in a given tissue (FDR <= 0.05 and FC >= 2.0), (2) fold change versus reference among the upper 40% of the positive FC range observed for this gene across all tissues, and (3) fold-change entropy among the lower 40% of the distribution observed for all genes.	WBPaper00037950:dopaminergic-neurons_L3-L4-larva_expressed
	Genes that showed expression levels higher than the corresponding reference sample (embryonic 0hr reference).	A Mann-Whitney U test with an empirical background model and FDR correction for multiple testing was used to detect expressed transcripts (Benjamini and Hochberg 1995). Genes and TARs with an FDR <= 0.05 were reported as expressed above background. Authors detected differentially expressed transcripts using a method based on linear models. Genes and TARs were called differentially expressed if the FDR was <= 0.05 and the fold change (FC) >= 2.0. To more strictly correct for potential false-positives resulting from multiple sample comparisons, authors divided individual FDR estimates by the number of samplesor sample comparisons, respectively. This resulted in an adjusted FDR of 1.3 * 0.0001 for expression above background and of 7.4 * 0.0001 for differential expression. Authors called genes selectively enriched in a given tissue if they met the following requirements: (1) enriched expression in a given tissue (FDR <= 0.05 and FC >= 2.0), (2) fold change versus reference among the upper 40% of the positive FC range observed for this gene across all tissues, and (3) fold-change entropy among the lower 40% of the distribution observed for all genes.	WBPaper00037950:germline-precursors_blastula-embryo_expressed

9 Expression Patterns

• Primary Identifier: Expr1031308
• Pattern: Tiling arrays expression graphs

• Primary Identifier: Expr16560
• Pattern: We found that both KNL-1 and NDC-80 were found in the pioneer neurons (SIBV, SIAD, SIAV, SAAV, SMDD, SMDV, and RIV) during embryonic development. KNL-1 and NDC-80 were present in the cell body as well as the axons of pioneer neurons at the time of nerve ring assembly.

• Primary Identifier: Expr1022071
• Pattern: Developmental gene expression time-course. Raw data can be downloaded from ftp://caltech.wormbase.org/pub/wormbase/datasets-published/levin2012

• Primary Identifier: Expr2012972
• Pattern: Single cell embryonic expression. Only cell types with an expression fraction of greater 0.2 of the maximum expressed fraction are labeled (Full data can be downloaded from http://caltech.wormbase.org/pub/wormbase/datasets-published/packer2019/). The colors represent the broad cell class to which the cell type has been assigned. The size of the point is proportional to the log2 of the numbers of cells in the dataset of that cell type. Interactive visualizations are available as a web app (https://cello.shinyapps.io/celegans/) and can also be installed as an R package (https://github.com/qinzhu/VisCello.celegans).

• Primary Identifier: Expr1143556
• Pattern: Developmental gene expression time-course. Raw data can be downloaded from ftp://caltech.wormbase.org/pub/wormbase/datasets-published/hashimshony2015

• Primary Identifier: Expr2744
• Subcellular Localization: KNL-1 colocalized with CeCENP-C, a bona fide kinetochore marker, throughout mitosis. KNL-1 is detected on chromosomes from early prophase until late anaphase. At metaphase, KNL-1 colocalizes with CeCENP-C on the poleward face of the mitotic chromosomes. Between prometaphase and early anaphase, KNL-1 also localizes to the spindle region but does not coalign with spindle microtubules. A similar "matrix"-like staining pattern was previously observed for CeBUB-1.

• Primary Identifier: Expr2745
• Subcellular Localization: Clusters of secondary antibody-conjugated gold particles were clearly visible close to the surface of the condensed chromatin of prometaphase/metaphase-stage cells in multicellular embryos.

• Primary Identifier: Expr2031204
• Pattern: Single cell embryonic expression. Only cell types with an expression fraction of greater 0.2 of the maximum expressed fraction are labeled (Full data can be downloaded from http://caltech.wormbase.org/pub/wormbase/datasets-published/packer2019/). The colors represent the broad cell class to which the cell type has been assigned. The size of the point is proportional to the log2 of the numbers of cells in the dataset of that cell type. Interactive visualizations are available as a web app (https://cello.shinyapps.io/celegans/) and can also be installed as an R package (https://github.com/qinzhu/VisCello.celegans).

• Primary Identifier: Expr1200218
• Pattern: Data from the TransgeneOme project

44 GO Annotation

0 Homologues

1 Locations

• Feature . Primary Identifier: WBGene00002231
• Start: 8250632
• End: 8253943
• Strand: 1

44 Ontology Annotations

0 Regulates Expr Cluster

1 Sequence

• Length: 3312

1 Sequence Ontology Term

• Name: gene

2 Strains

• WBStrain00037542
• WBStrain00054973

1 Upstream Intergenic Region

• WormBase ID: intergenic_region_chrIII_8250198..8250631
• Length (nt): 434
• Chromosome Location: III: 8250198-8250631
• Organism: Caenorhabditis elegans