WormMine: Gene WBGene00003182

• WormBase Gene ID: WBGene00003182
• Gene Name: mef-2
• Sequence Name: W10D5.1
• Brief Description: mef-2 encodes a transcription factor that is the sole C. elegans member of the MEF2 subgroup of MADS box transcription factors; loss of mef-2 activity does not result in a strong visible phenotype, although mef-2 mutant adults are slightly dumpy (Dpy); in vitro, MEF-2 is able to bind a consensus MEF2 DNA binding site and interact with the class II histone deacetylase encoded by C10E2.3 (hda-4/hda-7); mef-2 mRNA is detected at all stages of development and expression of mef-2 reporter gene fusions begins in neurons during late embryogenesis and continues in all tissues throughout postembryonic development; mef-2 mutations do not appear to interact with mutations in other myogenic factors such as hlh-1, hlh-8, pha-1, and unc-120.
• Organism: Caenorhabditis elegans
• Automated Description: Enables RNA polymerase II cis-regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding activity and histone deacetylase binding activity. Involved in several processes, including receptor guanylyl cyclase signaling pathway; regulation of acetylcholine secretion, neurotransmission; and regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II. Located in nucleus. Expressed in several structures, including hypodermis. Used to study autism spectrum disorder and intellectual disability. Human ortholog(s) of this gene implicated in dilated cardiomyopathy; lung cancer; and neurodevelopmental disorder with hypotonia, stereotypic hand movements, and impaired language. Is an ortholog of human MEF2A (myocyte enhancer factor 2A); MEF2C (myocyte enhancer factor 2C); and MEF2D (myocyte enhancer factor 2D).
• Biotype: SO:0001217
• Genetic Position: I :3.53361 ±0.009674
• Length (nt): 4906

1 Organism

• Name: Caenorhabditis elegans
• Taxon Id: 6239

1 Synonyms

• Value: WBGene00003182

Genomics

1 Transcripts

WormMine ID	Sequence Name	Length (nt)	Chromosome Location
Transcript:W10D5.1.1	W10D5.1.1	1882	I: 9095957-9100862

Other

1 CDSs

WormMine ID	Sequence Name	Length (nt)	Chromosome Location
CDS:W10D5.1	W10D5.1	1023	I: 9096012-9096065

9 RNAi Result

• WBRNAi00055083
• WBRNAi00004466
• WBRNAi00117523
• WBRNAi00027634
• WBRNAi00114708
• WBRNAi00117521
• WBRNAi00075993
• WBRNAi00117522
• WBRNAi00112283

63 Allele

• gk962858
• gk962706
• gk963902
• gk963849
• gk964316
• gk898914
• gk334486
• tm4600
• WBVar01712993
• gk118087
• gk940137
• gk118083
• gk118084
• gk118085
• gk118086
• gk940138
• WBVar00155541
• WBVar00155542
• WBVar00155545
• WBVar00155546
• WBVar00155543
• WBVar00155544
• WBVar01346801
• WBVar02001715
• gk601780
• gk397548
• gk523835
• gk881680
• gk601781
• gk723232

1 Chromosome

• WormBase ID: I
• Organism: Caenorhabditis elegans
• Length (nt): 15072434

1 Chromosome Location

• Feature . Primary Identifier: WBGene00003182
• Start: 9095957
• End: 9100862
• Strand: 1

4 Data Sets

• WormBaseAcedbConverter
• GO Annotation data set
• C. elegans genomic annotations (GFF3 Gene)
• Panther orthologue and paralogue predictions

0 Downstream Intergenic Region

169 Expression Clusters

Regulated By Treatment	Description	Algorithm	Primary Identifier
	Transcripts that showed significantly increased expression in L1 neural cells comparing to in adult neural cells.	DESeq2 (v1.18.1) fold change > 2, P-adj<0.05, using BenjaminiHochberg correction.	WBPaper00060811:L1_vs_adult_upregulated_neural
	Transcripts expressed in neuronal cells, by analyzingfluorescence-activated cell sorted (FACS) neurons.	DESeq. False discovry rate (FDR) < 0.1.	WBPaper00048988:neuron_expressed
	Genes that showed expression levels higher than the corresponding reference sample (embryonic 24hr reference).	A Mann-Whitney U test with an empirical background model and FDR correction for multiple testing was used to detect expressed transcripts (Benjamini and Hochberg 1995). Genes and TARs with an FDR <= 0.05 were reported as expressed above background. Authors detected differentially expressed transcripts using a method based on linear models. Genes and TARs were called differentially expressed if the FDR was <= 0.05 and the fold change (FC) >= 2.0. To more strictly correct for potential false-positives resulting from multiple sample comparisons, authors divided individual FDR estimates by the number of samplesor sample comparisons, respectively. This resulted in an adjusted FDR of 1.3 * 0.0001 for expression above background and of 7.4 * 0.0001 for differential expression. Authors called genes selectively enriched in a given tissue if they met the following requirements: (1) enriched expression in a given tissue (FDR <= 0.05 and FC >= 2.0), (2) fold change versus reference among the upper 40% of the positive FC range observed for this gene across all tissues, and (3) fold-change entropy among the lower 40% of the distribution observed for all genes.	WBPaper00037950:all-neurons_L1-larva_expressed
adult vs dauer larva	Transcripts that showed differential expression in adult vs dauer lava in N2 animals at 20C.	N.A.	WBPaper00050488:adult_vs_dauer_regulated_N2_20C
	mRNAs that showed decreased expression in 1 cell mebryo comparing to in oocyte, according to RNAseq analysis.	Gaussian error propagation. As cutoff for the up-regulated genes authors used log2 fold change > 1 and P < 0.05 and as cutoff for the down-regulated genes authors used log2 fold change < -1 and P < 0.05.	WBPaper00045420:fertilization_downregulated_transcript
	Neuronally enriched transcripts according to a comparison of neuronal nuclei IP samples to total nuclei using isolation of nuclei from tagged specific cell types (INTACT) technology.	DESEQ2, fold change > 2 and FDR < 0.01.	WBPaper00062103:neuron_enriched
	Transcripts that showed significantly increased expression glp-1(e2141); TU3401 animals comparing to in TU3401 animals.	Fold change > 2, FDR < 0.01.	WBPaper00065993:glp-1(e2141)_upregulated
	Transcripts that showed significantly increased expression after animals were treated with 50uM Rifampicin from day 1 to day 3 adult hermaphradite.	DESeq2(v1.14.1), fold change > 2, p-value < 0.05	WBPaper00055354:Rifampicin_upregulated
	Transcripts expressed in the epithelial tissues surrounding the pharynx that includes the arcade and intestinal valve (AIV) cells, according to PAT-Seq analysis using Pbath-15-GFP-3XFLAG mRNA tagging.	Cufflinks FPKM value >=1.	WBPaper00050990:arcade_intestinal-valve_expressed
	Genes significantly enriched in NSM neurons (isolated by FACS) versus the reference, according to RNAseq analysis towards total RNA.	Gene expression quantification and differential expression was analyzed using cufflinks v2.2.1. Enriched contains only genes significantly enriched (differentially expressed >= 2.4 fold in total RNA or >= 3.2 fold in DSN treated total RNA) in the NSM neurons versus the reference.	WBPaper00045974:NSM_enriched_totalRNA_RNAseq
	Transcripts expressed in body muscle, according to PAT-Seq analysis using Pmyo-3-GFP-3XFLAG mRNA tagging.	Cufflinks FPKM value >=1.	WBPaper00050990:body-muscle_expressed
	Transcripts expressed in hypodermis, according to PAT-Seq analysis using Pdpy-7-GFP-3XFLAG mRNA tagging.	Cufflinks FPKM value >=1.	WBPaper00050990:hypodermis_expressed
	Transcripts expressed in intestine, according to PAT-Seq analysis using Pges-1-GFP-3XFLAG mRNA tagging.	Cufflinks FPKM value >=1.	WBPaper00050990:intestine_expressed
	Transcripts expressed in NMDA neuron, according to PAT-Seq analysis using Pnmr-1-GFP-3XFLAG mRNA tagging.	Cufflinks FPKM value >=1.	WBPaper00050990:NMDA-neuron_expressed
	Transcripts expressed in pharynx, according to PAT-Seq analysis using Pmyo-2-GFP-3XFLAG mRNA tagging.	Cufflinks FPKM value >=1.	WBPaper00050990:pharynx_expressed
	Genes with expression level regulated by genotype (N2 vs CB4856) and age at L3 larva and Late reproduction stage (96 hours at 24 centigrade).	For model 2, authors used 100 permutations to estimate the FDR threshold. Per permutation, genotypes and ages were independently randomly distributed, keeping the among-gene structure intact. Then for each spot (23,232) on the array, model 2 was tested. The obtained P-values were used to estimate a threshold for each of the explanatory factors. Authors also used a genome-wide threshold of -log10 P-value = 2, which resembles an FDR of 0.072 and 0.060 for marker and the interaction age-marker for the developing worms and FDR of 0.050 and 0.065 for marker and age-marker for the aging worms. For the physiological age effect, authors used a log10 P-value = 8 in developing worms (0.012 FDR) and -log10 P-value = 6 (0.032 FDR).	WBPaper00040858:eQTL_age_regulated_developing
	Transcripts that showed significantly increased expression after four-day-old young adult worms were placed on NGM plates seeded with OP50 in the presence 5% Agaro-oligosaccharides(AGO) for 24 h, comparing to animals grown in the absence of AGO.	Fold change > 2.	WBPaper00064306:Agaro-oligosaccharides_upregulated
	Transcripts that showed significantly increased expression in sin-3(tm1276) comparing to in N2.	DESeq2, fold change > 2, p-value < 0.01.	WBPaper00061203:sin-3(tm1276)_upregulated
Dietary restriction	Transcripts that showed significantly decreased expression after N2 animals were under dietary restriction (DR, OP50 OD = 0.1) from 3-day post L4 till 6-day post L4 adult hermaphrodite stage, comparing to under ad libtum (AL, OP50 OD = 3) condition.	Bioconductor package edgeR, p < 0.05.	WBPaper00056443:DietaryRestriction_downregulated
	Transcripts that showed significantly increased expression in aak-1(tm1944);aak-2(ok524) animals comparing to in N2.	DEseq 1.18.0, adjusted p-value < 0.05.	WBPaper00056471:aak-1(tm1944);aak-2(ok524)_upregulated
Bacteria infection: Staphylococcus aureus MW2. 4 hours of exposure.	Transcripts that showed significantly increased expression after N2 animals had 4 hours of infection by Staphylococcus aureus (MW2).	DEseq 1.18.0, adjusted p-value < 0.05.	WBPaper00056471:S.aureus-4h_upregulated_N2
	Transcripts that showed significantly decreased expression in N2 animals exposed to 0.1mM Paraquat from hatching to reaching adult stage.	DESeq2 version 1.22.2, p < 0.05	WBPaper00064716:paraquat_downregulated
	Transcripts that showed significantly altered expression after 24 hour exposure to stavudine (d4T) starting at L1 lava stage.	DESeq	WBPaper00053302:stavudine_24h_regulated
	Transcripts that showed significantly decreased expression in sin-3(tm1276) comparing to in N2 at early embryo when there were only 3 -5 eggs in the adult.	DESeq2, fold change > 2, adjusted p-value < 0.01	WBPaper00058598:sin-3(tm1276)_downregulated
	Transcripts depleted in purified oocyte P bodies comparing to in the whole animal.	DESeq2, FDR < 0.05, fold change > 2.	WBPaper00065975:P-body_vs_WholeAnimal_depleted
	Transcripts that showed significantly increased expression in xrep-4(lax137).	DESeq2. Genes were selected if their p value < 0.01.	WBPaper00066062:xrep-4(lax137)_upregulated
	Genes that showed expression levels higher than the corresponding reference sample (L2 all cell reference).	A Mann-Whitney U test with an empirical background model and FDR correction for multiple testing was used to detect expressed transcripts (Benjamini and Hochberg 1995). Genes and TARs with an FDR <= 0.05 were reported as expressed above background. Authors detected differentially expressed transcripts using a method based on linear models. Genes and TARs were called differentially expressed if the FDR was <= 0.05 and the fold change (FC) >= 2.0. To more strictly correct for potential false-positives resulting from multiple sample comparisons, authors divided individual FDR estimates by the number of samplesor sample comparisons, respectively. This resulted in an adjusted FDR of 1.3 * 0.0001 for expression above background and of 7.4 * 0.0001 for differential expression. Authors called genes selectively enriched in a given tissue if they met the following requirements: (1) enriched expression in a given tissue (FDR <= 0.05 and FC >= 2.0), (2) fold change versus reference among the upper 40% of the positive FC range observed for this gene across all tissues, and (3) fold-change entropy among the lower 40% of the distribution observed for all genes.	WBPaper00037950:A-class-motor-neurons_L2-larva_expressed
Reduced humidity (98% relative humidity).	Genes that were down-regulated after one day exposure to reduced humidity (98% relative humidity) according to microarray analysis.	Multiple hypothesis testing with the Benjamini-Hochberg correction was applied on calculated p-values. A change in the expression level was considered to be significant if the adjusted p-value was less than 0.001.	WBPaper00044578:reduced-humidity_downregulated_microarray
	Genes that showed expression levels higher than the corresponding reference sample (L2 all cell reference).	A Mann-Whitney U test with an empirical background model and FDR correction for multiple testing was used to detect expressed transcripts (Benjamini and Hochberg 1995). Genes and TARs with an FDR <= 0.05 were reported as expressed above background. Authors detected differentially expressed transcripts using a method based on linear models. Genes and TARs were called differentially expressed if the FDR was <= 0.05 and the fold change (FC) >= 2.0. To more strictly correct for potential false-positives resulting from multiple sample comparisons, authors divided individual FDR estimates by the number of samplesor sample comparisons, respectively. This resulted in an adjusted FDR of 1.3 * 0.0001 for expression above background and of 7.4 * 0.0001 for differential expression. Authors called genes selectively enriched in a given tissue if they met the following requirements: (1) enriched expression in a given tissue (FDR <= 0.05 and FC >= 2.0), (2) fold change versus reference among the upper 40% of the positive FC range observed for this gene across all tissues, and (3) fold-change entropy among the lower 40% of the distribution observed for all genes.	WBPaper00037950:all-neurons_L2-larva_expressed
	Transcripts that showed significantly increased expression in daf-2(e1370) comparing to in N2.	Differential gene expression analysis was performed using the quasi-likeli-hood framework in edgeR package v. 3.20.1 in R v. 3.4.1.	WBPaper00053810:daf-2(e1370)_upregulated

10 Expression Patterns

• Primary Identifier: Expr4397
• Pattern: GFP was localized to the nuclei of multiple sensory (including the AWB and ASH chemosensory) and non-sensory neurons, as well as in non-neuronal cells.
• Subcellular Localization: Nuclear localization was observed at all developmental stages, including the dauer stage and under different environmental conditions, including exposure to high concentrations of pheromone, absence of food and heat stress.

• Primary Identifier: Expr1031509
• Pattern: Tiling arrays expression graphs

• Primary Identifier: Expr58
• Remark: MADS box transcription factor related to SRF factors. In vertebrates, MEF2 is involved in the activation of muscle specific genes. It is also expressed in neuronal tissue but its role there is unstudied. Vertebrate Homologs: Human and mouse protein(s) MEF2a, MEF2b, MEF2c, MEF2d. Invertebrate Homologs: Drosophila protein D-MEF2 MEF2-gene deleted by mnDf111 on I. late embryo(author) = fully-elongated embryo(curator). no expression in gut
• Pattern: Antibody staining: No worm Ab available. Two D.m. Ab fail to stain anything in the worm that looks real. lacZ reporter gene expression: Multiple constructs with multiple lines. Expression begins late in embryogenesis at about 11/2 fold stage in a few cells in the head (neuronal precursors?). Then strong expression by 3-fold stage in most tissue including neurons, all muscle, hypodermis. Not in gut. Expression continues in all tissues (except gut) into adulthood.

• Primary Identifier: Expr1200087
• Pattern: Data from the TransgeneOme project

• Primary Identifier: Expr1063
• Pattern: Using a genomic segment extending 9.3 kb upstream of the predicted ATG, observed initial embryonic expression in neurons and later expression in all tissues. This expression pattern begins late in embryogenesis (two-fold stage) and continues throughout postembryonic development. A similar pattern was observed with reporter constructs containing only 3.6 kb of upstream genomic sequences, although the intensity of expression was reduced compared with the longer construct. Truncation of the 5' end of the reporter genes to a restriction site within the first intron eliminated expression of the transgenic reporter genes.

• Primary Identifier: Expr2013507
• Pattern: Single cell embryonic expression. Only cell types with an expression fraction of greater 0.2 of the maximum expressed fraction are labeled (Full data can be downloaded from http://caltech.wormbase.org/pub/wormbase/datasets-published/packer2019/). The colors represent the broad cell class to which the cell type has been assigned. The size of the point is proportional to the log2 of the numbers of cells in the dataset of that cell type. Interactive visualizations are available as a web app (https://cello.shinyapps.io/celegans/) and can also be installed as an R package (https://github.com/qinzhu/VisCello.celegans).

• Primary Identifier: Expr1062
• Pattern: A mef-2 cDNA probe detects one prominent and two minor mRNAs (1.9, 1.6, and 1.3 kb) by Northern analysis of either total or poly(A) RNA. These messages are detected at all stages of development.

• Primary Identifier: Expr1158620
• Pattern: Developmental gene expression time-course. Raw data can be downloaded from ftp://caltech.wormbase.org/pub/wormbase/datasets-published/hashimshony2015

• Primary Identifier: Expr1016460
• Pattern: Developmental gene expression time-course. Raw data can be downloaded from ftp://caltech.wormbase.org/pub/wormbase/datasets-published/levin2012

• Primary Identifier: Expr2031741
• Pattern: Single cell embryonic expression. Only cell types with an expression fraction of greater 0.2 of the maximum expressed fraction are labeled (Full data can be downloaded from http://caltech.wormbase.org/pub/wormbase/datasets-published/packer2019/). The colors represent the broad cell class to which the cell type has been assigned. The size of the point is proportional to the log2 of the numbers of cells in the dataset of that cell type. Interactive visualizations are available as a web app (https://cello.shinyapps.io/celegans/) and can also be installed as an R package (https://github.com/qinzhu/VisCello.celegans).

22 GO Annotation

17 Homologues

1 Locations

• Feature . Primary Identifier: WBGene00003182
• Start: 9095957
• End: 9100862
• Strand: 1

22 Ontology Annotations

0 Regulates Expr Cluster

1 Sequence

• Length: 4906

1 Sequence Ontology Term

• Name: gene

5 Strains

• WBStrain00023597
• WBStrain00023599
• WBStrain00031135
• WBStrain00031137
• WBStrain00036571

1 Upstream Intergenic Region

• WormBase ID: intergenic_region_chrI_9089229..9095956
• Length (nt): 6728
• Chromosome Location: I: 9089229-9095956
• Organism: Caenorhabditis elegans