WormMine: Gene WBGene00004748

• WormBase Gene ID: WBGene00004748
• Gene Name: sdf-9
• Sequence Name: Y44A6D.4
• Brief Description: sdf-9 encodes a protein tyrosine phosphatase, paralogous to EAK-6; sdf-9 acts in parallel to akt-1 to regulate insulin-like signaling and dauer formation and may promote DAF-9 activity by means of steroid hormone signalling; sdf-9 dauer larvae resemble those of daf-9 and daf-12 dauer-constitutive mutants, and these Daf-c mutants are all enhanced by cholesterol deprivation; SDF-9 is expressed in the neuroendocrine XXXL/R cells, where it associates with the plasma membrane; ablation of the XXXL/R cells in wild-type L1 larvae also causes daf-9-like pseudodauer larvae.
• Organism: Caenorhabditis elegans
• Automated Description: Predicted to enable protein tyrosine phosphatase activity. Involved in dauer larval development. Located in plasma membrane. Expressed in XXXL; XXXR; and head. Human ortholog(s) of this gene implicated in artery disease (multiple); proliferative diabetic retinopathy; and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Is an ortholog of human PTPN1 (protein tyrosine phosphatase non-receptor type 1).
• Biotype: SO:0001217
• Genetic Position: V :25.2561 ±0.016585
• Length (nt): 2990

1 Organism

• Name: Caenorhabditis elegans
• Taxon Id: 6239

1 Synonyms

• Value: WBGene00004748

Genomics

1 Transcripts

WormMine ID	Sequence Name	Length (nt)	Chromosome Location
Transcript:Y44A6D.4.1	Y44A6D.4.1	1333	V: 20798218-20801207

Other

1 CDSs

WormMine ID	Sequence Name	Length (nt)	Chromosome Location
CDS:Y44A6D.4	Y44A6D.4	1038	V: 20798272-20798307

2 RNAi Result

• WBRNAi00056551
• WBRNAi00020582

62 Allele

• gk963271
• gk964176
• gk963489
• gk963304
• gk963809
• WBVar01756770
• WBVar01756771
• WBVar01756772
• WBVar01600051
• WBVar00073929
• WBVar00073931
• WBVar00073930
• WBVar01544405
• WBVar01544404
• WBVar01544403
• WBVar01978810
• ut187
• gk267975
• ut163
• gk267974
• ut169
• ut174
• m708
• WBVar01678807
• WBVar01526406
• gk387028
• gk916671
• gk451271
• gk408821
• gk356611

1 Chromosome

• WormBase ID: V
• Organism: Caenorhabditis elegans
• Length (nt): 20924180

1 Chromosome Location

• Feature . Primary Identifier: WBGene00004748
• Start: 20798218
• End: 20801207
• Strand: 1

4 Data Sets

• WormBaseAcedbConverter
• GO Annotation data set
• C. elegans genomic annotations (GFF3 Gene)
• Panther orthologue and paralogue predictions

0 Downstream Intergenic Region

36 Expression Clusters

Regulated By Treatment	Description	Algorithm	Primary Identifier
	Transcripts of coding genes that showed significantly decreased expression in muscle.	DESeq2 (version 1.24.0). Transcripts with a false-discovery rate adjusted p-value less than 0.05 were considered significantly differentially expressed.	WBPaper00062325:muscle_depleted_coding-RNA
adult vs dauer larva	Transcripts that showed differential expression in adult vs dauer lava in N2 animals at 20C.	N.A.	WBPaper00050488:adult_vs_dauer_regulated_N2_20C
	mRNAs that showed decreased expression in 1 cell mebryo comparing to in oocyte, according to RNAseq analysis.	Gaussian error propagation. As cutoff for the up-regulated genes authors used log2 fold change > 1 and P < 0.05 and as cutoff for the down-regulated genes authors used log2 fold change < -1 and P < 0.05.	WBPaper00045420:fertilization_downregulated_transcript
	Transcripts that showed significantly increased expression in ogt-1(ok1474) neuronal cells isolated by FACs comparing to in FACs isolated neuronal cells from wild type.	DESeq2, fold change > 2, FDR < 0.05.	WBPaper00066485:ogt-1(ok1474)_upregulated_neuron
	Coexpression clique No. 203, sre-33-ZK1025.1_8337, on the genome-wide coexpression clique map for the nematode GPL200 platform.	All available microarray datasets for the GPL200 platform (Affymetrix C. elegans Genome Array) were obtained from the GEO repository. This included 2243 individual microarray experiments. These were normalized against each other with the software RMAexpress (Bolstad, 2014). Based on these normalized values, Pearsons correlation coefficients were obtained for each probe-probe pair of the 22,620 probes represented on this array type. The resulting list of correlation coefficients was then ranked to generate the ranked coexpression database with information on each probe represented on the GPL200 platform.	WBPaper00061527:sre-33-ZK1025.1_8337
	Genes significantly enriched in NSM neurons (isolated by FACS) versus the reference, according to RNAseq analysis towards total RNA.	Gene expression quantification and differential expression was analyzed using cufflinks v2.2.1. Enriched contains only genes significantly enriched (differentially expressed >= 2.4 fold in total RNA or >= 3.2 fold in DSN treated total RNA) in the NSM neurons versus the reference.	WBPaper00045974:NSM_enriched_totalRNA_RNAseq
	Transcripts that showed significantly decreased expression in strain GC1459 containing daf-18(ok480) comparing to control strain GC1171.	edgeR, p-value < 0.05, fold change > 2.	WBPaper00061699:daf-18(ok480)_downregulated
	Genes that showed expression levels higher than the corresponding reference sample (embryonic 0hr reference).	A Mann-Whitney U test with an empirical background model and FDR correction for multiple testing was used to detect expressed transcripts (Benjamini and Hochberg 1995). Genes and TARs with an FDR <= 0.05 were reported as expressed above background. Authors detected differentially expressed transcripts using a method based on linear models. Genes and TARs were called differentially expressed if the FDR was <= 0.05 and the fold change (FC) >= 2.0. To more strictly correct for potential false-positives resulting from multiple sample comparisons, authors divided individual FDR estimates by the number of samplesor sample comparisons, respectively. This resulted in an adjusted FDR of 1.3 * 0.0001 for expression above background and of 7.4 * 0.0001 for differential expression. Authors called genes selectively enriched in a given tissue if they met the following requirements: (1) enriched expression in a given tissue (FDR <= 0.05 and FC >= 2.0), (2) fold change versus reference among the upper 40% of the positive FC range observed for this gene across all tissues, and (3) fold-change entropy among the lower 40% of the distribution observed for all genes.	WBPaper00037950:germline-precursors_blastula-embryo_expressed
	Transcripts that showed significantly increased expression in hda-2(ok1479) comparing to in N2 animals.	DESeq2 (version 1.28.1), FDR < 0.01, fold change > 2.	WBPaper00062159:hda-2(ok1479)_upregulated
	Transcripts that showed significantly decreased expression in set-2(tm1630) animals at embryo stage, comparing to in N2 animals.	DESeq2 (v2.1.8.3) was used to determine DE genes and to generate principal component and scatter plots. DE genes with FDR < 0.05 were analysed using g:Profiler with Bonferroni correction.	WBPaper00060014:set-2(tm1630)_downregulated
	Genes significantly enriched in NSM neurons (isolated by FACS) versus the reference, according to tiling array analysis towards total RNA.	A linear model and moderated t-statistic were used to determine differentially expressed genes as implemented by the limma package (v3.21.4). Enriched list contains only genes significantly enriched in the NSM neurons versus the reference <=1.5X and <= 5% FDR.	WBPaper00045974:NSM_enriched_totalRNA_tiling
	Genes that showed expression levels higher than the corresponding reference sample (Young adult all cell reference).	A Mann-Whitney U test with an empirical background model and FDR correction for multiple testing was used to detect expressed transcripts (Benjamini and Hochberg 1995). Genes and TARs with an FDR <= 0.05 were reported as expressed above background. Authors detected differentially expressed transcripts using a method based on linear models. Genes and TARs were called differentially expressed if the FDR was <= 0.05 and the fold change (FC) >= 2.0. To more strictly correct for potential false-positives resulting from multiple sample comparisons, authors divided individual FDR estimates by the number of samplesor sample comparisons, respectively. This resulted in an adjusted FDR of 1.3 * 0.0001 for expression above background and of 7.4 * 0.0001 for differential expression. Authors called genes selectively enriched in a given tissue if they met the following requirements: (1) enriched expression in a given tissue (FDR <= 0.05 and FC >= 2.0), (2) fold change versus reference among the upper 40% of the positive FC range observed for this gene across all tissues, and (3) fold-change entropy among the lower 40% of the distribution observed for all genes.	WBPaper00037950:CEP-sheath-cells_Day1-adult_expressed
	Transcripts that showed significantly decreased expression in whole animal day 1 N2 adults comparing to in whole animal day 8 N2 adults.	DESeq2, FDR < 0.05, fold change > 2.	WBPaper00066978:Day1Adult_vs_Day8Adult_downregulated_neuron
	Transcripts that showed differential expression in dauer mir-34(gk437) vs dauer mir-34(OverExpression) animals at 20C.	N.A.	WBPaper00050488:mir-34(gk437)_vs_mir-34(OverExpression)_regulated_dauer_20C
	Significantly upregulated genes from cyc-1(RNAi) microarrays using SAM algorithm with an FDR < 0.1 from adult-only chips.	SAM algorithm with an FDR < 0.1.	WBPaper00033065:cyc-1(RNAi)_upregulated
Fungi infection: Harposporium sp.	Genes with decreased expression after 24 hours of infection by Harposporium Fold changes shown are pathogen vs OP50.	For RNA-seq and tiling arrays, log2 fold changes between gene expression values of infected versus uninfected nematodes were calculated. For log2 fold changes > 0.00001 the values > 81.25th percentile were defined as up-regulated and for log2 fold changes < -0.00001 the values < 18.75th percentile were defined as down-regulated.	WBPaper00038438:Harposporium_24hr_downregulated_RNAseq
	Transcripts that showed significantly decreased expression in pry-1(mu38) animals comparing to in N2 at L1 larva stage.	DESeq, FDR < 0.05	WBPaper00055626:pry-1(mu38)_downregulated
	Genes that showed significantly decreased expression in after 5 hours of 30ug/ml tunicamycin(TM) treatment comparing to control animals.	N.A.	WBPaper00045390:tunicamycin_downregulated
Bacteria infection: Enterococcus faecalis	Genes with increased expression after 24 hours of infection by E.faecalis Fold changes shown are pathogen vs OP50.	For RNA-seq and tiling arrays, log2 fold changes between gene expression values of infected versus uninfected nematodes were calculated. For log2 fold changes > 0.00001 the values > 81.25th percentile were defined as up-regulated and for log2 fold changes < -0.00001 the values < 18.75th percentile were defined as down-regulated.	WBPaper00038438:E.faecalis_24hr_upregulated_RNAseq
	Transcripts that showed significantly decreased expression in unc-70(cas983) comparing to in N2 at L1 larva stage.	DESeq2, fold change >= 2, FDR <= 0.05	WBPaper00057041:unc-70(cas983)_downregulated
	Genes that were enriched in spermatogenic fem-3(q96gf) gonads comparing to in oogenic fog-2(q71), according to RNAseq analysis.	To identify differentially expressed transcripts, authors used R/Bioconductor package DESeq.	WBPaper00045521:Spermatogenic
	Transcripts that showed significantly decreased expression in drh-3(rrr2) comparing to in N2.	edgeR, log2 fold change > 2 or < -2.	WBPaper00053888:drh-3(rrr2)_downregulated
	Genes that showed significantly decreased expression in ubc-9(RNAi) animals comparing to control RNAi animals.	N.A.	WBPaper00045390:ubc-9(RNAi)_downregulated
	Genes that showed significantly increased expression level in rsr-2(RNAi) animals comparing to in gfp(RNAi) control.	Fold change > 1.2 or < 0.8.	WBPaper00042477:rsr-2(RNAi)_upregulated_TilingArray
	Single-cell RNA-Seq cell group 40_0 expressed in endocrine.	scVI 0.6.0	WBPaper00065841:40_0
	Top 300 transcripts enriched in CANL, CANR according to single cell RNAseq.	Top 300 enriched transcripts were determined by log2.ratio of the tpm in the cell type vs the tpm in the other cells * the log2 of the cell.type tpm.	WBPaper00061340:CAN
	Genes that showed significantly increased expression after exposure to adsorbable organic bromine compounds (AOBr) contained in M. aeruginosa batch culture.	Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified with a random variance t-test and a significance analysis of microarrays (SAM) test. Genes were considered statistically significant if their p-value was less than 0.05, the false discovery rate less than 0.3, and the fold change compared to control at least <= 0.67 or >=1.5.	WBPaper00046853:AOBr_M.aeruginosa-batch-culture_upregulated
	Top 300 transcripts enriched in XXXL, XXXR according to single cell RNAseq.	Top 300 enriched transcripts were determined by log2.ratio of the tpm in the cell type vs the tpm in the other cells * the log2 of the cell.type tpm.	WBPaper00061340:XXX
	Single-cell RNA-Seq cell group 69_0 expressed in neuron.	scVI 0.6.0	WBPaper00065841:69_0
	Transcripts that showed differential expression in adult N2 vs adult mir-34(OverExpression) animals at 25C.	N.A.	WBPaper00050488:N2_vs_mir-34(OverExpression)_regulated_adult_25C

7 Expression Patterns

• Primary Identifier: Expr4399
• Pattern: The sdf-9p::RFP fusion was expressed exclusively in two head cells with position and morphology consistent with their identification as the XXX cells. In both strains containing GFP and RFP reporter constructs, GFP and RFP colocalized, indicating that eak-4, sdf-9, and eak-6 are all expressed in XXXL/R.

• Primary Identifier: Expr4401
• Pattern: Expressed specifically in XXX, as was an SDF-9::GFP fusion protein. Also variably expressed in the intestine, a common site of artifactual GFP expression.
• Subcellular Localization: Localize to the plasma membrane of the XXX cells. Membrane localization was also apparent in intestinal cells.

• Primary Identifier: Expr2617
• Pattern: The expression of SDF-9::GFP was observed from late embryos to adults, and primarily in two cells anterior to the nerve ring. The fluorescence intensity was essentially constant from the 3-fold stage of embryos to L4 larvae, but slightly weaker at the adult stage.
• Subcellular Localization: The SDF-9::GFP fusion protein was localized in the cytoplasm.

• Primary Identifier: Expr2015661
• Pattern: Single cell embryonic expression. Only cell types with an expression fraction of greater 0.2 of the maximum expressed fraction are labeled (Full data can be downloaded from http://caltech.wormbase.org/pub/wormbase/datasets-published/packer2019/). The colors represent the broad cell class to which the cell type has been assigned. The size of the point is proportional to the log2 of the numbers of cells in the dataset of that cell type. Interactive visualizations are available as a web app (https://cello.shinyapps.io/celegans/) and can also be installed as an R package (https://github.com/qinzhu/VisCello.celegans).

• Primary Identifier: Expr2033894
• Pattern: Single cell embryonic expression. Only cell types with an expression fraction of greater 0.2 of the maximum expressed fraction are labeled (Full data can be downloaded from http://caltech.wormbase.org/pub/wormbase/datasets-published/packer2019/). The colors represent the broad cell class to which the cell type has been assigned. The size of the point is proportional to the log2 of the numbers of cells in the dataset of that cell type. Interactive visualizations are available as a web app (https://cello.shinyapps.io/celegans/) and can also be installed as an R package (https://github.com/qinzhu/VisCello.celegans).

• Primary Identifier: Expr1017427
• Pattern: Developmental gene expression time-course. Raw data can be downloaded from ftp://caltech.wormbase.org/pub/wormbase/datasets-published/levin2012

• Primary Identifier: Expr1160024
• Pattern: Developmental gene expression time-course. Raw data can be downloaded from ftp://caltech.wormbase.org/pub/wormbase/datasets-published/hashimshony2015

14 GO Annotation

13 Homologues

1 Locations

• Feature . Primary Identifier: WBGene00004748
• Start: 20798218
• End: 20801207
• Strand: 1

14 Ontology Annotations

0 Regulates Expr Cluster

1 Sequence

• Length: 2990

1 Sequence Ontology Term

• Name: gene

4 Strains

• WBStrain00022195
• WBStrain00022196
• WBStrain00006397
• WBStrain00003890

1 Upstream Intergenic Region

• WormBase ID: intergenic_region_chrV_20792422..20798217
• Length (nt): 5796
• Chromosome Location: V: 20792422-20798217
• Organism: Caenorhabditis elegans