WormMine: Gene WBGene00008214

• WormBase Gene ID: WBGene00008214
• Gene Name: gem-1
• Sequence Name: C49F8.2
• Organism: Caenorhabditis elegans
• Automated Description: Predicted to enable monocarboxylic acid transmembrane transporter activity. Predicted to be involved in monocarboxylic acid transport. Located in plasma membrane. Expressed in several structures, including hermaphrodite distal tip cell; neurons; pharynx; somatic gonad precursor; and vulval muscle.
• Biotype: SO:0001217
• Genetic Position: X :11.7798±
• Length (nt): 5451

1 Organism

• Name: Caenorhabditis elegans
• Taxon Id: 6239

1 Synonyms

• Value: WBGene00008214

Genomics

1 Transcripts

WormMine ID	Sequence Name	Length (nt)	Chromosome Location
Transcript:C49F8.2.1	C49F8.2.1	2902	X: 13371542-13376992

Other

1 CDSs

WormMine ID	Sequence Name	Length (nt)	Chromosome Location
CDS:C49F8.2	C49F8.2	2316	X: 13372024-13372096

4 RNAi Result

• WBRNAi00001231
• WBRNAi00042816
• WBRNAi00012150
• WBRNAi00084914

132 Allele

• gk964260
• gk964029
• gk962707
• gk964028
• gk963810
• gk963581
• WBVar01759819
• WBVar01759820
• tm10227
• gk298514
• gk298515
• gk298516
• gk298513
• gk298517
• gk298518
• gk298519
• gk298520
• gk298521
• WBVar01544628
• WBVar01544627
• WBVar01544626
• WBVar01544625
• WBVar01544629
• WBVar01825295
• WBVar01825296
• WBVar02027525
• gk952220
• WBVar01907946
• gk959196
• WBVar02013710

1 Chromosome

• WormBase ID: X
• Organism: Caenorhabditis elegans
• Length (nt): 17718942

1 Chromosome Location

• Feature . Primary Identifier: WBGene00008214
• Start: 13371542
• End: 13376992
• Strand: -1

4 Data Sets

• WormBaseAcedbConverter
• GO Annotation data set
• C. elegans genomic annotations (GFF3 Gene)
• Panther orthologue and paralogue predictions

1 Downstream Intergenic Region

• WormBase ID: intergenic_region_chrX_13364998..13371541
• Length (nt): 6544
• Chromosome Location: X: 13364998-13371541
• Organism: Caenorhabditis elegans

102 Expression Clusters

Regulated By Treatment	Description	Algorithm	Primary Identifier
	Transcripts that showed significantly increased expression in L1 neural cells comparing to in adult neural cells.	DESeq2 (v1.18.1) fold change > 2, P-adj<0.05, using BenjaminiHochberg correction.	WBPaper00060811:L1_vs_adult_upregulated_neural
	Transcripts expressed in neuronal cells, by analyzingfluorescence-activated cell sorted (FACS) neurons.	DESeq. False discovry rate (FDR) < 0.1.	WBPaper00048988:neuron_expressed
adult vs dauer larva	Transcripts that showed differential expression in adult vs dauer lava in N2 animals at 20C.	N.A.	WBPaper00050488:adult_vs_dauer_regulated_N2_20C
	mRNAs that showed decreased expression in 1 cell mebryo comparing to in oocyte, according to RNAseq analysis.	Gaussian error propagation. As cutoff for the up-regulated genes authors used log2 fold change > 1 and P < 0.05 and as cutoff for the down-regulated genes authors used log2 fold change < -1 and P < 0.05.	WBPaper00045420:fertilization_downregulated_transcript
	TGF- Dauer pathway adult transcriptional targets. Results obtained by comparing the microarray results of the dauer-constitutive mutants daf-7(e1372), daf-7(m62), and daf-1(m40) with dauer-defective mutants daf-3(mgDf90), daf-5(e1386), and daf-7(e1372);daf-3(mgDf90) double mutants at the permissive temperature, 20C, on the first day of adulthood.	SAM	WBPaper00031040:TGF-beta_adult_upregulated
	Neuronally enriched transcripts according to a comparison of neuronal nuclei IP samples to total nuclei using isolation of nuclei from tagged specific cell types (INTACT) technology.	DESEQ2, fold change > 2 and FDR < 0.01.	WBPaper00062103:neuron_enriched
	Transcripts that showed significantly increased expression glp-1(e2141); TU3401 animals comparing to in TU3401 animals.	Fold change > 2, FDR < 0.01.	WBPaper00065993:glp-1(e2141)_upregulated
	Transcripts expressed in the epithelial tissues surrounding the pharynx that includes the arcade and intestinal valve (AIV) cells, according to PAT-Seq analysis using Pbath-15-GFP-3XFLAG mRNA tagging.	Cufflinks FPKM value >=1.	WBPaper00050990:arcade_intestinal-valve_expressed
	Transcripts that showed significantly decreased expression at 5-days-post L4 adult N2 hermaphrodites comparing to 1-day-post L4 adult N2 hermaphrodites.	DESeq2, fold change > 2, FDR < 0.05	WBPaper00065835:Day5_vs_Day1_downregulated
	Transcripts expressed in GABAergic neuron, according to PAT-Seq analysis using Punc-47-GFP-3XFLAG mRNA tagging.	Cufflinks FPKM value >=1.	WBPaper00050990:GABAergic-neuron_expressed
	Transcripts that showed significantly decreased expression at 11-days-post L4 adult N2 hermaphrodites comparing to 1-day-post L4 adult N2 hermaphrodites.	DESeq2, fold change > 2, FDR < 0.05	WBPaper00065835:Day11_vs_Day1_downregulated
	Transcripts expressed in NMDA neuron, according to PAT-Seq analysis using Pnmr-1-GFP-3XFLAG mRNA tagging.	Cufflinks FPKM value >=1.	WBPaper00050990:NMDA-neuron_expressed
	Transcripts that showed significantly increased expression in day 1 adult hermaphrodite comparing to in L4 larva daf-16(mu86);glp-1(e2141) animals.	Fold change > 2, FDR < 0.05	WBPaper00064088:Day-1-adult_vs_L4_upregulated_daf-16(mu86);glp-1(e2141)
	Transcripts that showed significantly increased expression in day 1 adult hermaphrodite comparing to in L4 larva glp-1(e2141) animals.	Fold change > 2, FDR < 0.05	WBPaper00064088:Day-1-adult_vs_L4_upregulated_glp-1(e2141)
	Transcripts that showed significantly increased expression in rrf-3(pk1426) comparing to in N2 at embryo stage.	DESeq2v 1.18.1, fold change > 1.5, adjusted p-value < 0.01.	WBPaper00056169:rrf-3(pk1426)_upregulated_embryo
	Transcripts that showed significantly increased expression in sin-3(tm1276) comparing to in N2.	DESeq2, fold change > 2, p-value < 0.01.	WBPaper00061203:sin-3(tm1276)_upregulated
	Transcripts that showed significantly increased expression in aak-1(tm1944);aak-2(ok524) animals comparing to in N2.	DEseq 1.18.0, adjusted p-value < 0.05.	WBPaper00056471:aak-1(tm1944);aak-2(ok524)_upregulated
Bacteria infection: Staphylococcus aureus MW2. 4 hours of exposure.	Transcripts that showed significantly increased expression after N2 animals had 4 hours of infection by Staphylococcus aureus (MW2).	DEseq 1.18.0, adjusted p-value < 0.05.	WBPaper00056471:S.aureus-4h_upregulated_N2
	Genes that showed significantly increased expression in daf-2(e1370);hel-1(gk148684) comparing to in hel-1(gk148684)	To identify DEGs, Students t test and the log2 median ratio test were performed to compute t values and median ratios for all the annotated genes. The adjusted P values from each test were computed using an empirical distribution of the null hypothesis, which was obtained from random permutations of the samples. Finally, the adjusted P values from the individual tests were combined to compute the overall P values using Stouffers method , and genes with overall P < 0.05 and fold change > 1.5 were selected as DEGs.	WBPaper00047131:daf-2(e1370)_upregulated_hel-1(gk148684)-background
	Transcripts that showed significantly decreased expression in N2 animals exposed to 0.1mM Paraquat from hatching to reaching adult stage.	DESeq2 version 1.22.2, p < 0.05	WBPaper00064716:paraquat_downregulated
	Transcripts that showed significantly changed expression in 6-day post-L4 adult hermaphrodite comparing to in 1-day post L4 adult hermaphrodite animals.	Sleuth	WBPaper00051558:aging_regulated
Heat Shock: 35C 4 hours at L4 larva stage.	Transcripts that showed significantly decreased expression after L4 larva N2 animals were heat stressed at 35C for 4 hours	DESeq2	WBPaper00057154:HeatShock_downregulated_mRNA
	Transcripts that showed significantly decreased expression in sin-3(tm1276) comparing to in N2 at early embryo when there were only 3 -5 eggs in the adult.	DESeq2, fold change > 2, adjusted p-value < 0.01	WBPaper00058598:sin-3(tm1276)_downregulated
	Transcripts depleted in purified oocyte P bodies comparing to in the whole animal.	DESeq2, FDR < 0.05, fold change > 2.	WBPaper00065975:P-body_vs_WholeAnimal_depleted
	Genes that showed expression levels higher than the corresponding reference sample (L2 all cell reference).	A Mann-Whitney U test with an empirical background model and FDR correction for multiple testing was used to detect expressed transcripts (Benjamini and Hochberg 1995). Genes and TARs with an FDR <= 0.05 were reported as expressed above background. Authors detected differentially expressed transcripts using a method based on linear models. Genes and TARs were called differentially expressed if the FDR was <= 0.05 and the fold change (FC) >= 2.0. To more strictly correct for potential false-positives resulting from multiple sample comparisons, authors divided individual FDR estimates by the number of samplesor sample comparisons, respectively. This resulted in an adjusted FDR of 1.3 * 0.0001 for expression above background and of 7.4 * 0.0001 for differential expression. Authors called genes selectively enriched in a given tissue if they met the following requirements: (1) enriched expression in a given tissue (FDR <= 0.05 and FC >= 2.0), (2) fold change versus reference among the upper 40% of the positive FC range observed for this gene across all tissues, and (3) fold-change entropy among the lower 40% of the distribution observed for all genes.	WBPaper00037950:A-class-motor-neurons_L2-larva_expressed
Temprature shift to 28C for 48 hours.	Transcripts that showed significantly decreased expression after animals were exposed to 28C temperature for 48 hours.	Differentially expressed genes wereidentified using DESeq (v.1.18.0) by normalizing readsbased on the negative binomial distribution method andcomparing each HS timepoint to the 0-h control.	WBPaper00061341:28C_48h_downregulated
	Transcripts that showed significantly increased expression in animals with germline-specific inx-14(RNAi) comparing to in aniamls fed with control vector, both exposed to PA14 infection.	DESeq2. Differentially-expressed genes (DEG) were identified based on two criteria: FDR (False discovery rateusing Benjamini-Hochberg adjusted p-values) < 0.01 and absolute value of log2(Fold Change) > 1.	WBPaper00066146:germline-inx-14(RNAi)_upregulated_PA14
	Proteins that showed significantly decreased expression in 1-day-old sek-1(km4) adults comparing to in wild type animals, both with 6 hours of cisplatin treatment.	The differential expression analysis was performed in R. Differentially expressed proteins were identified by using a two-sided t-test on log-transformed data.	WBPaper00065373:sek-1(km4)_downregulated_cisplatin
	Genes that showed oscillating mRNA expression level throughout the 16 hour time courses from L3 larva to young adult.	The following three lines of R code were used to perform the classification: increasing <-2*amplitude-PC1 < -1.7; oscillating <-!increasing & (amplitude > 0.55); flat <-!increasing & !oscillating; Note that the amplitude of a sinusoidal wave corresponds to only half the fold change between trough and peak.	WBPaper00044736:oscillating_dev_expression
	Transcripts that showed significantly increased expression in hda-1(ne4752[3xFLAG-Degron-HDA-1]) in gonads dissected from 1-day old adult animals.	Salmon was used to map the mRNA-seq reads with the worm database WS268, and its output files were imported to DESeq2 in R. The differentially expressed genes were filtered by fold change more than 2 and adjusted p-value < 0.05. The scatter plots were generated by the plot function in R.	WBPaper00061479:hda-1(ne4752)_upregulated

7 Expression Patterns

• Primary Identifier: Expr8971
• Remark: Picture: Figure 4.
• Pattern: In first-stage larvae, GEM-1::GFP is expressed on the plasma membrane of multiple cell types. These include the somatic gonad progenitors Z1 and Z4, most or all of the cell in the pharynx, and multiple neurons in the head an tail. Expression was observed in the body-wall muscles in the case of the pEJ52 mix, but not the pEJ44 mix. This difference is probably due to the absence of introns 2 and 3 in pEJ44. GEM-1::GFP expression persists within at least a subset of somatic gonad cells in later larval stages and is occasionally detectable within the distal tip cells in adult animals.
• Subcellular Localization: In first-stage larvae, GEM-1::GFP is expressed on the plasma membrane of multiple cell types.

• Primary Identifier: Expr1033568
• Pattern: Tiling arrays expression graphs

• Primary Identifier: Expr2055
• Remark: Other strain-- UL1005
• Pattern: Expression is seen in a number of components in all larval stages and adults. Diffuse expression is seen in three muscle types-- body wall, pharyngeal, and vulval. Diffuse expression is also seen in cells of the somatic gonad. The final component consists of weak expression in a few cells surrounding the pharynx that may correspond to neuronal sheath cells.

• Primary Identifier: Expr2012018
• Pattern: Single cell embryonic expression. Only cell types with an expression fraction of greater 0.2 of the maximum expressed fraction are labeled (Full data can be downloaded from http://caltech.wormbase.org/pub/wormbase/datasets-published/packer2019/). The colors represent the broad cell class to which the cell type has been assigned. The size of the point is proportional to the log2 of the numbers of cells in the dataset of that cell type. Interactive visualizations are available as a web app (https://cello.shinyapps.io/celegans/) and can also be installed as an R package (https://github.com/qinzhu/VisCello.celegans).

• Primary Identifier: Expr1146796
• Pattern: Developmental gene expression time-course. Raw data can be downloaded from ftp://caltech.wormbase.org/pub/wormbase/datasets-published/hashimshony2015

• Primary Identifier: Expr1012835
• Pattern: Developmental gene expression time-course. Raw data can be downloaded from ftp://caltech.wormbase.org/pub/wormbase/datasets-published/levin2012

• Primary Identifier: Expr2030254
• Pattern: Single cell embryonic expression. Only cell types with an expression fraction of greater 0.2 of the maximum expressed fraction are labeled (Full data can be downloaded from http://caltech.wormbase.org/pub/wormbase/datasets-published/packer2019/). The colors represent the broad cell class to which the cell type has been assigned. The size of the point is proportional to the log2 of the numbers of cells in the dataset of that cell type. Interactive visualizations are available as a web app (https://cello.shinyapps.io/celegans/) and can also be installed as an R package (https://github.com/qinzhu/VisCello.celegans).

8 GO Annotation

13 Homologues

1 Locations

• Feature . Primary Identifier: WBGene00008214
• Start: 13371542
• End: 13376992
• Strand: -1

8 Ontology Annotations

0 Regulates Expr Cluster

1 Sequence

• Length: 5451

1 Sequence Ontology Term

• Name: gene

2 Strains

• WBStrain00007130
• WBStrain00007129

1 Upstream Intergenic Region

• WormBase ID: intergenic_region_chrX_13376993..13377502
• Length (nt): 510
• Chromosome Location: X: 13376993-13377502
• Organism: Caenorhabditis elegans