WormMine: Gene WBGene00000442

• WormBase Gene ID: WBGene00000442
• Gene Name: ceh-19
• Sequence Name: F20D12.6
• Brief Description: ceh-19 encodes a homeobox protein similar to Bar-like homeoproteins from Drosophila and vertebrates; it has no known function or expression pattern.
• Organism: Caenorhabditis elegans
• Automated Description: Predicted to enable DNA binding activity. Predicted to be involved in regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II. Predicted to be located in nucleus. Expressed in neurons.
• Biotype: SO:0001217
• Genetic Position: IV :3.50698 ±0.000876
• Length (nt): 2450

1 Organism

• Name: Caenorhabditis elegans
• Taxon Id: 6239

1 Synonyms

• Value: WBGene00000442

Genomics

2 Transcripts

WormMine ID	Sequence Name	Length (nt)	Chromosome Location
Transcript:F20D12.6b.1	F20D12.6b.1	886	IV: 7953500-7955949
Transcript:F20D12.6a.1	F20D12.6a.1	532	IV: 7953503-7954833

Other

2 CDSs

WormMine ID	Sequence Name	Length (nt)	Chromosome Location
CDS:F20D12.6a	F20D12.6a	369	IV: 7953642-7953804
CDS:F20D12.6b	F20D12.6b	600	IV: 7953642-7953804

2 RNAi Result

• WBRNAi00045106
• WBRNAi00031174

45 Allele

• gk964278
• gk964500
• gk963722
• gk963417
• gk963416
• tm452
• tm461
• tm11488
• WBVar02124417
• gk356425
• gk648252
• gk531641
• gk546121
• gk864503
• gk417917
• gk341651
• WBVar02036957
• gk376162
• WBVar01794871
• gk795475
• gk457740
• gk869010
• gk782482
• WBVar00190926
• gk775394
• gk415678
• WBVar00190927
• WBVar01853453
• WBVar01853452
• gk449725

1 Chromosome

• WormBase ID: IV
• Organism: Caenorhabditis elegans
• Length (nt): 17493829

1 Chromosome Location

• Feature . Primary Identifier: WBGene00000442
• Start: 7953500
• End: 7955949
• Strand: -1

4 Data Sets

• WormBaseAcedbConverter
• GO Annotation data set
• C. elegans genomic annotations (GFF3 Gene)
• Panther orthologue and paralogue predictions

0 Downstream Intergenic Region

89 Expression Clusters

Regulated By Treatment	Description	Algorithm	Primary Identifier
	Transcripts of coding genes that showed significantly decreased expression in muscle.	DESeq2 (version 1.24.0). Transcripts with a false-discovery rate adjusted p-value less than 0.05 were considered significantly differentially expressed.	WBPaper00062325:muscle_depleted_coding-RNA
	Transcripts expressed in neuronal cells, by analyzingfluorescence-activated cell sorted (FACS) neurons.	DESeq. False discovry rate (FDR) < 0.1.	WBPaper00048988:neuron_expressed
adult vs dauer larva	Transcripts that showed differential expression in adult vs dauer lava in N2 animals at 20C.	N.A.	WBPaper00050488:adult_vs_dauer_regulated_N2_20C
Osmotic stress	Transcripts that showed significantly altered expression with 500 mM salt (NaCl) vs 100 mM salt when no food was present	DESeq(version 1.10.1), FDR < 0.05.	WBPaper00050726:OsmoticStress_regulated_NoFood
	Transcripts that showed significantly increased expression glp-1(e2141); TU3401 animals comparing to in TU3401 animals.	Fold change > 2, FDR < 0.01.	WBPaper00065993:glp-1(e2141)_upregulated
Bacteria infection: Enterococcus faecalis	Genes with increased expression after 24 hours of infection by E.faecalis Fold changes shown are pathogen vs OP50.	For RNA-seq and tiling arrays, log2 fold changes between gene expression values of infected versus uninfected nematodes were calculated. For log2 fold changes > 0.00001 the values > 81.25th percentile were defined as up-regulated and for log2 fold changes < -0.00001 the values < 18.75th percentile were defined as down-regulated.	WBPaper00038438:E.faecalis_24hr_upregulated_TilingArray
	Transcripts that showed significantly decreased expression in atfs-1(cmh15) (null allele) animals comparing to in N2 animals at L4 larva stage.	edgeR, fold change > 2, FDR < 0.05	WBPaper00060909:atfs-1(cmh15)_downregulated
	Transcripts expressed in intestine, according to PAT-Seq analysis using Pges-1-GFP-3XFLAG mRNA tagging.	Cufflinks FPKM value >=1.	WBPaper00050990:intestine_expressed
	Maternal class (M): genes that are called present in at least one of the three PC6 replicates.	A modified Welch F statistic was used for ANOVA. For each gene, regressed error estimates were substituted for observed error estimates. The substitution is justified by the lack of consistency among the most and least variable genes at each time point. Regressed error estimates were abundance-dependent pooled error estimates that represented a median error estimate from a window of genes of similar abundance to the gene of interest. A randomization test was used to compute the probability Pg of the observed F statistic for gene g under the null hypothesis that developmental time had no effect on expression. P-values were not corrected for multiple testing.	[cgc5767]:expression_class_M
	Strictly maternal class (SM): genes that are the subset of maternal genes that are not also classified as embryonic.	A modified Welch F statistic was used for ANOVA. For each gene, regressed error estimates were substituted for observed error estimates. The substitution is justified by the lack of consistency among the most and least variable genes at each time point. Regressed error estimates were abundance-dependent pooled error estimates that represented a median error estimate from a window of genes of similar abundance to the gene of interest. A randomization test was used to compute the probability Pg of the observed F statistic for gene g under the null hypothesis that developmental time had no effect on expression. P-values were not corrected for multiple testing.	[cgc5767]:expression_class_SM
	Transcripts that showed significantly altered expression after 24 hour exposure to stavudine (d4T) starting at L1 lava stage.	DESeq	WBPaper00053302:stavudine_24h_regulated
	Transcripts that showed significantly increased expression in hda-1(ne4752[3xFLAG-Degron-HDA-1]) in gonads dissected from 1-day old adult animals.	Salmon was used to map the mRNA-seq reads with the worm database WS268, and its output files were imported to DESeq2 in R. The differentially expressed genes were filtered by fold change more than 2 and adjusted p-value < 0.05. The scatter plots were generated by the plot function in R.	WBPaper00061479:hda-1(ne4752)_upregulated
	Genes that showed expression levels higher than the corresponding reference sample (L3/L4 all cell reference).	A Mann-Whitney U test with an empirical background model and FDR correction for multiple testing was used to detect expressed transcripts (Benjamini and Hochberg 1995). Genes and TARs with an FDR <= 0.05 were reported as expressed above background. Authors detected differentially expressed transcripts using a method based on linear models. Genes and TARs were called differentially expressed if the FDR was <= 0.05 and the fold change (FC) >= 2.0. To more strictly correct for potential false-positives resulting from multiple sample comparisons, authors divided individual FDR estimates by the number of samplesor sample comparisons, respectively. This resulted in an adjusted FDR of 1.3 * 0.0001 for expression above background and of 7.4 * 0.0001 for differential expression. Authors called genes selectively enriched in a given tissue if they met the following requirements: (1) enriched expression in a given tissue (FDR <= 0.05 and FC >= 2.0), (2) fold change versus reference among the upper 40% of the positive FC range observed for this gene across all tissues, and (3) fold-change entropy among the lower 40% of the distribution observed for all genes.	WBPaper00037950:dopaminergic-neurons_L3-L4-larva_expressed
	Transcripts that showed significantly altered expression at URX, AQR, and PQR neurons in camt-1(ok515) animals comparing to in wild type AX1888-1 strain.	RNA-seq data were mapped using PRAGUI - a Python 3-based pipeline for RNA-seq data analysis.	WBPaper00061902:camt-1(ok515)_regulated_URX-AQR-PQR
	Genes that showed expression levels higher than the corresponding reference sample (L2 all cell reference).	A Mann-Whitney U test with an empirical background model and FDR correction for multiple testing was used to detect expressed transcripts (Benjamini and Hochberg 1995). Genes and TARs with an FDR <= 0.05 were reported as expressed above background. Authors detected differentially expressed transcripts using a method based on linear models. Genes and TARs were called differentially expressed if the FDR was <= 0.05 and the fold change (FC) >= 2.0. To more strictly correct for potential false-positives resulting from multiple sample comparisons, authors divided individual FDR estimates by the number of samplesor sample comparisons, respectively. This resulted in an adjusted FDR of 1.3 * 0.0001 for expression above background and of 7.4 * 0.0001 for differential expression. Authors called genes selectively enriched in a given tissue if they met the following requirements: (1) enriched expression in a given tissue (FDR <= 0.05 and FC >= 2.0), (2) fold change versus reference among the upper 40% of the positive FC range observed for this gene across all tissues, and (3) fold-change entropy among the lower 40% of the distribution observed for all genes.	WBPaper00037950:intestine_L2-larva_expressed
	Transcripts that showed significantly increased expression in ilc-17.1(syb5296) comparing to in N2 animals at L4 larva stage.	DESeq2, fold change > 2, FDR < 0.05.	WBPaper00066594:ilc-17.1(syb5296)_upregulated
	Transcripts that showed significantly increased expression in hda-2(ok1479) comparing to in N2 animals.	DESeq2 (version 1.28.1), FDR < 0.01, fold change > 2.	WBPaper00062159:hda-2(ok1479)_upregulated
	Transcripts that showed significantly increased expression in srbc-48(ac23);kyIs262;fer-1(b232ts) comparing to in kyIs262;fer-1(b232ts), 24h after infection with P.aeruginosa.	DESeq2, FDR <0.05, fold change > 2.	WBPaper00059664:srbc-48(ac23)_upregulated
	Transcripts that showed significantly decreased expression after animals were treated with 100uM Psora and 250uM Allantoin from day 1 to day 3 adult hermaphradite.	DESeq2(v1.14.1), fold change > 2, p-value < 0.05	WBPaper00055354:Psora-Allantoin_downregulated
	Transcripts that showed significantly decreased expression after animals were treated with 100uM Rapamycin and 50mM Metformin from day 1 to day 3 adult hermaphradite.	DESeq2(v1.14.1), fold change > 2, p-value < 0.05	WBPaper00055354:Rapamycin-Metformin_downregulated
	Transcripts that showed significantly decreased expression after animals were treated with 100uM Rapamycin and 50uM Rifampicin from day 1 to day 3 adult hermaphradite.	DESeq2(v1.14.1), fold change > 2, p-value < 0.05	WBPaper00055354:Rapamycin-Rifampicin_downregulated
	Transcripts that showed significantly decreased expression after animals were treated with 50uM Rifampicin and 250uM Allantoin from day 1 to day 3 adult hermaphradite.	DESeq2(v1.14.1), fold change > 2, p-value < 0.05	WBPaper00055354:Rifampicin-Allantoin_downregulated
	Up-regulated genes (fold change > 1.5) in two CoQ-deficient clk-1 mutant strains (e2519, qm30) compared to wild types N2.	Fold-changes of intensities were calculated from the arithmetic mean of gene expression values between experimental and corresponding control group. Fold change >= 1.5 was used as cut-off.	WBPaper00045774:clk-1_upregulated
	Transcripts that showed significantly altered expression after 24 hour exposure to nitroguanidine (NQ).	Multivariate permutation tests with random variance model implemented in BRB-Array Tools version 4.5 were performed to infer differentially expressed genes (DEGs). One thousand random permutations were computed per chemical class (i.e., a group of 16 arrays or samples). The confidence level of false discovery rate assessment was set at 80%, and the maximum allowed portion of false-positive genes was 10%.	WBPaper00055899:nitroguanidine_regulated
20C vs 25C	Transcripts that showed differential expression in 20C vs 25C in mir-34(OverExpression) animals at adult stage.	N.A.	WBPaper00050488:20C_vs_25C_regulated_mir-34(OverExpression)_adult
Bacteria infection: Serratia marcescens	Genes with increased expression after 24 hours of infection by S.marcescens Fold changes shown are pathogen vs OP50.	For RNA-seq and tiling arrays, log2 fold changes between gene expression values of infected versus uninfected nematodes were calculated. For log2 fold changes > 0.00001 the values > 81.25th percentile were defined as up-regulated and for log2 fold changes < -0.00001 the values < 18.75th percentile were defined as down-regulated.	WBPaper00038438:S.marcescens_24hr_upregulated_TilingArray
	Transcripts unqiuely expressed in intestine, according to PAT-Seq analysis using Pges-1-GFP-3XFLAG mRNA tagging.	Cufflinks FPKM value >=1.	WBPaper00050990:intestine_enriched
	Genes with significant increase of expression in UPF1 smg-2(RNAi) comparing to control.	Bioconductor package LIMMA was used to determine differentially expressed genes. The P-values were adjusted for multiple testing with a false-discovery rate (50). Probe sets with fold-change > 1.5 and q-value < 0.05 were used as a cut-off for C. elegans microarrays	WBPaper00042561:smg-2(RNAi)_upregulated
Bacteria infection: Pseudomonas aeruginosa PA14. 24 hours of exposure at 25C.	Transcripts that showed significantly decreased expression in N2 animals with 24 hours of exposure to P. aeruginosa PA14 for 24 hrs at 25C, comparing to N2 animals without exposure to PA14.	DESeq2, fold change > 2, FDR < 0.05.	WBPaper00058948:PA14_downregulated
Temprature shift to 28C for 24 hours.	Transcripts that showed significantly increased expression after animals were exposed to 28C temperature for 24 hours.	Differentially expressed genes wereidentified using DESeq (v.1.18.0) by normalizing readsbased on the negative binomial distribution method andcomparing each HS timepoint to the 0-h control.	WBPaper00061341:28C_24h_upregulated

8 Expression Patterns

• Primary Identifier: Expr2009865
• Pattern: Single cell embryonic expression. Only cell types with an expression fraction of greater 0.2 of the maximum expressed fraction are labeled (Full data can be downloaded from http://caltech.wormbase.org/pub/wormbase/datasets-published/packer2019/). The colors represent the broad cell class to which the cell type has been assigned. The size of the point is proportional to the log2 of the numbers of cells in the dataset of that cell type. Interactive visualizations are available as a web app (https://cello.shinyapps.io/celegans/) and can also be installed as an R package (https://github.com/qinzhu/VisCello.celegans).

• Primary Identifier: Expr5807
• Remark: Also expressed in (comments from author) : No comments. Strain: BC10766
• Reporter Gene: [ceh-19::gfp] transcriptional fusion. PCR products were amplified using primer A: 5' [TCTAAATCCGGACGATACGAGT] 3' and primer B 5' [ATAGAGGTGTGAATATAATGGGCT] 3'.
• Pattern: Adult Expression: intestine; Larval Expression: intestine

• Primary Identifier: Expr7513
• Remark: Clone: pUL#JRH10C9
• Pattern: Expression from mid embryo to adult. Mid-embryo expression in two anterior cells. Later expression in one pair of head nerves anterior to posterior pharyngeal bulb with processes that loop ventrally to link to each other and processes to head tip, and also one pair of head nerves within anterior pharyngeal bulb with processes that link to each other. Also one pair of nerves in post anal tail with processes that extend ventrally both posterior and anterior with anterior processes joining. Possibly artifactual expression in intestine.

• Primary Identifier: Expr10616
• Pattern: ceh-19aprom::gfp fusion: no GFP expression was observed, throughout the normal life cycle or in the dauer, suggesting the ceh-19a transcript may not be functional or may only be expressed in circumstances not assayed. ceh-19bprom::gfp fusion: ceh-19 is expressed in MCL/R, ADFL/R. The GFP signal was much higher in MCs than in ADFs during normal developmental stages whereas the strength of signal in the two neuron types was approximately the same in the dauer stage due to the considerable increase of signal within ADFs. The two cells in the tail showing GFP expression have cell bodies located just behind the rectum and short processes in both anterior and posterior directions, a morphology suggestive of the phasmids neurons, PHAL/R or PHBL/R. DiI filling, which stains both of these phasmid neuron types revealing their relative positions, confirmed that the pair of neurons expressing GFP in the tail is the more anterior pair, PHAL/R. No male specific expression was observed for the ceh-19bprom::gfp fusion in any of the three transgenic strains.A fosmid containing 18,586 bp upstream and 15,366 bp downstream of ceh-19 showed consistent GFP expression in ADFL/R, MCL/R, and PHAL/R, as obtained with the promoter reporter fusion. GFP was distributed throughout the cell body and along the neuronal axon as expected for a transcriptional fusion, but the signal was lower than with the plasmid-based fusion. The recombineered C-terminal translational fusion, drove GFP expression in apparently the same pairs of neurons, i.e. ADFL/R, MCL/R, and PHAL/R, in 2 independent strains (UL3014, UL3308). GFP was localized to the cell nucleus only, as expected for a transcription factor fusion protein, and at very low level, making cell identification less certain. For both recombineered reporter fusions, expression in ADFL/R was very low through the normal life cycle but increased greatly in dauer animals.

• Primary Identifier: Expr15568

• Primary Identifier: Expr2028105
• Pattern: Single cell embryonic expression. Only cell types with an expression fraction of greater 0.2 of the maximum expressed fraction are labeled (Full data can be downloaded from http://caltech.wormbase.org/pub/wormbase/datasets-published/packer2019/). The colors represent the broad cell class to which the cell type has been assigned. The size of the point is proportional to the log2 of the numbers of cells in the dataset of that cell type. Interactive visualizations are available as a web app (https://cello.shinyapps.io/celegans/) and can also be installed as an R package (https://github.com/qinzhu/VisCello.celegans).

• Primary Identifier: Expr1028321
• Pattern: Developmental gene expression time-course. Raw data can be downloaded from ftp://caltech.wormbase.org/pub/wormbase/datasets-published/levin2012

• Primary Identifier: Expr1149056
• Pattern: Developmental gene expression time-course. Raw data can be downloaded from ftp://caltech.wormbase.org/pub/wormbase/datasets-published/hashimshony2015

7 GO Annotation

1 Homologues

1 Locations

• Feature . Primary Identifier: WBGene00000442
• Start: 7953500
• End: 7955949
• Strand: -1

7 Ontology Annotations

0 Regulates Expr Cluster

1 Sequence

• Length: 2450

1 Sequence Ontology Term