WormMine: Gene WBGene00003021

• WormBase Gene ID: WBGene00003021
• Gene Name: lin-36
• Sequence Name: F44B9.6
• Organism: Caenorhabditis elegans
• Automated Description: Predicted to enable DNA binding activity and metal ion binding activity. Involved in embryonic digestive tract morphogenesis. Predicted to be located in nucleus. Expressed in several structures, including P3.pa; P5.ppp; P7.paa; neurons; and vulval cell.
• Biotype: SO:0001217
• Genetic Position: III :-0.446585 ±0.003437
• Length (nt): 4226

1 Organism

• Name: Caenorhabditis elegans
• Taxon Id: 6239

1 Synonyms

• Value: WBGene00003021

Genomics

1 Transcripts

WormMine ID	Sequence Name	Length (nt)	Chromosome Location
Transcript:F44B9.6.1	F44B9.6.1	3366	III: 8016648-8020873

Other

1 CDSs

WormMine ID	Sequence Name	Length (nt)	Chromosome Location
CDS:F44B9.6	F44B9.6	2889	III: 8017122-8017229

21 RNAi Result

• WBRNAi00047251
• WBRNAi00047252
• WBRNAi00062685
• WBRNAi00007996
• WBRNAi00014909
• WBRNAi00005408
• WBRNAi00005860
• WBRNAi00063027
• WBRNAi00069935
• WBRNAi00086403
• WBRNAi00086402
• WBRNAi00027875
• WBRNAi00061268
• WBRNAi00063363
• WBRNAi00063375
• WBRNAi00061269
• WBRNAi00063048
• WBRNAi00086708
• WBRNAi00070014
• WBRNAi00086714
• WBRNAi00086813

78 Allele

• gk964518
• gk963887
• otn13102
• gk707676
• gk859130
• gk355901
• gk668268
• gk705284
• gk470327
• gk555593
• gk642031
• gk579426
• gk459391
• gk902579
• gk390807
• n766
• gk698093
• gk687099
• gk907499
• gk640983
• n772
• gk824828
• WBVar01952398
• n3765
• gk468221
• WBVar01952397
• WBVar01331390
• gk370512
• gk546542
• WBVar01331392

1 Chromosome

• WormBase ID: III
• Organism: Caenorhabditis elegans
• Length (nt): 13783801

1 Chromosome Location

• Feature . Primary Identifier: WBGene00003021
• Start: 8016648
• End: 8020873
• Strand: -1

4 Data Sets

• WormBaseAcedbConverter
• GO Annotation data set
• C. elegans genomic annotations (GFF3 Gene)
• Panther orthologue and paralogue predictions

1 Downstream Intergenic Region

• WormBase ID: intergenic_region_chrIII_8016539..8016647
• Length (nt): 109
• Chromosome Location: III: 8016539-8016647
• Organism: Caenorhabditis elegans

138 Expression Clusters

Regulated By Treatment	Description	Algorithm	Primary Identifier
	Genes with expression altered >= 3-fold in dpy-10(e128) mutants.	Data across the wild type series was analyzed using the Significance analysis of Microarrays (SAM) algorithm (to calculate the False Discovery Rate (FDR)).	WBPaper00035873:dpy-10_regulated
	Transcripts that showed significantly increased expression in L1 neural cells comparing to in adult neural cells.	DESeq2 (v1.18.1) fold change > 2, P-adj<0.05, using BenjaminiHochberg correction.	WBPaper00060811:L1_vs_adult_upregulated_neural
	Transcripts expressed in neuronal cells, by analyzingfluorescence-activated cell sorted (FACS) neurons.	DESeq. False discovry rate (FDR) < 0.1.	WBPaper00048988:neuron_expressed
	Genes that showed expression levels higher than the corresponding reference sample (embryonic 24hr reference).	A Mann-Whitney U test with an empirical background model and FDR correction for multiple testing was used to detect expressed transcripts (Benjamini and Hochberg 1995). Genes and TARs with an FDR <= 0.05 were reported as expressed above background. Authors detected differentially expressed transcripts using a method based on linear models. Genes and TARs were called differentially expressed if the FDR was <= 0.05 and the fold change (FC) >= 2.0. To more strictly correct for potential false-positives resulting from multiple sample comparisons, authors divided individual FDR estimates by the number of samplesor sample comparisons, respectively. This resulted in an adjusted FDR of 1.3 * 0.0001 for expression above background and of 7.4 * 0.0001 for differential expression. Authors called genes selectively enriched in a given tissue if they met the following requirements: (1) enriched expression in a given tissue (FDR <= 0.05 and FC >= 2.0), (2) fold change versus reference among the upper 40% of the positive FC range observed for this gene across all tissues, and (3) fold-change entropy among the lower 40% of the distribution observed for all genes.	WBPaper00037950:all-neurons_L1-larva_expressed
adult vs dauer larva	Transcripts that showed differential expression in adult vs dauer lava in N2 animals at 20C.	N.A.	WBPaper00050488:adult_vs_dauer_regulated_N2_20C
	mRNAs that showed decreased expression in 1 cell mebryo comparing to in oocyte, according to RNAseq analysis.	Gaussian error propagation. As cutoff for the up-regulated genes authors used log2 fold change > 1 and P < 0.05 and as cutoff for the down-regulated genes authors used log2 fold change < -1 and P < 0.05.	WBPaper00045420:fertilization_downregulated_transcript
Osmotic stress	Transcripts that showed significantly altered expression with 500 mM salt (NaCl) vs 100 mM salt when food was present	DESeq(version 1.10.1), FDR < 0.05.	WBPaper00050726:OsmoticStress_regulated_Food
	Proteins interacting with NHR-49-GFP according to co-IP and LC-MS.	N.A.	WBPaper00064071:NHR-49_interacting
	Transcripts expressed in hypodermis, according to PAT-Seq analysis using Pdpy-7-GFP-3XFLAG mRNA tagging.	Cufflinks FPKM value >=1.	WBPaper00050990:hypodermis_expressed
	Transcripts expressed in intestine, according to PAT-Seq analysis using Pges-1-GFP-3XFLAG mRNA tagging.	Cufflinks FPKM value >=1.	WBPaper00050990:intestine_expressed
	Transcripts expressed in NMDA neuron, according to PAT-Seq analysis using Pnmr-1-GFP-3XFLAG mRNA tagging.	Cufflinks FPKM value >=1.	WBPaper00050990:NMDA-neuron_expressed
Bacteria infection: Bacillus thuringiensis	mRNAs that showed significantly decreased expression after pathogenic bacteria Bacillus thuringiensis infections comparing to non pathogenic BT (BT247(1 to 10 mix) vs BT407 12h), according to RNAseq.	Cuffdiff, ajusted p-value < 0.01.	WBPaper00046497:B.thuringiensis_0.1mix_downregulated_12h
Bacteria infection: Bacillus thuringiensis	mRNAs that showed significantly decreased expression after pathogenic bacteria Bacillus thuringiensis infections comparing to non pathogenic BT (BT247(1 to 2 mix) vs BT407 6h), according to RNAseq.	Cuffdiff, ajusted p-value < 0.01.	WBPaper00046497:B.thuringiensis_0.5mix_downregulated_6h
Bacteria infection: Bacillus thuringiensis	mRNAs that showed significantly decreased expression after pathogenic bacteria Bacillus thuringiensis infections comparing to non pathogenic BT (BT247(1 to 2 mix) vs BT407 12h), according to RNAseq.	Cuffdiff, ajusted p-value < 0.01.	WBPaper00046497:B.thuringiensis_0.5mix_downregulated_12h
	Transcripts that showed significantly increased expression in animals exposed to 400uM tamoxifen from L1 to L4 larva stage.	DEseq2, fold change > 2	WBPaper00064505:tamoxifen_upregulated
	Transcripts that showed significantly altered expression after 24 hour exposure to stavudine (d4T) starting at L1 lava stage.	DESeq	WBPaper00053302:stavudine_24h_regulated
	Genes down regulated by mir-243(n4759).	RNAs that changed at least 2-fold with a probability of p > 0.05 in three biological replicates were considered differentially regulated between wild-type and mir-243.	WBPaper00036130:mir-243_down_regulated
25C vs. 20C	Transcripts that showed significantly increased expression in 1-day post L4 adult hermaphrodite N2 grown at 25C, comparing to in N2 animals grown at 20C.	CuffDiff, fold change > 2.	WBPaper00065096:25C_vs_20C_upregulated
	Transcripts that showed significantly increased expression in 10-days post L4 adult hermaphrodite N2 grown at 20C, comparing to in 1-day post L4 adult hermaphrodite N2 animals grown at 20C.	CuffDiff, fold change > 2.	WBPaper00065096:Day10_vs_Day1_upregulated
	Genes that showed expression levels higher than the corresponding reference sample (L2 all cell reference).	A Mann-Whitney U test with an empirical background model and FDR correction for multiple testing was used to detect expressed transcripts (Benjamini and Hochberg 1995). Genes and TARs with an FDR <= 0.05 were reported as expressed above background. Authors detected differentially expressed transcripts using a method based on linear models. Genes and TARs were called differentially expressed if the FDR was <= 0.05 and the fold change (FC) >= 2.0. To more strictly correct for potential false-positives resulting from multiple sample comparisons, authors divided individual FDR estimates by the number of samplesor sample comparisons, respectively. This resulted in an adjusted FDR of 1.3 * 0.0001 for expression above background and of 7.4 * 0.0001 for differential expression. Authors called genes selectively enriched in a given tissue if they met the following requirements: (1) enriched expression in a given tissue (FDR <= 0.05 and FC >= 2.0), (2) fold change versus reference among the upper 40% of the positive FC range observed for this gene across all tissues, and (3) fold-change entropy among the lower 40% of the distribution observed for all genes.	WBPaper00037950:A-class-motor-neurons_L2-larva_expressed
	Transcripts that showed significantly decreased expression in tetraploid N2 comparing to diploid N2 animals at L4 larva stage.	DESeq2 R package (1.20.0), fold change > 2, and FDR < 0.05.	WBPaper00066110:tetraploid_vs_diploid_downregulated
	Proteins that showed significantly decreased expression after 1-day-old wild type adults were exposed to cisplatin (300ug per mL) for 6 hours.	The differential expression analysis was performed in R. Differentially expressed proteins were identified by using a two-sided t-test on log-transformed data.	WBPaper00065373:Cisplatin_downregulated_WT
	Proteins that showed significantly decreased expression in 1-day-old sek-1(km4) adults comparing to in wild type animals, both with 6 hours of cisplatin treatment.	The differential expression analysis was performed in R. Differentially expressed proteins were identified by using a two-sided t-test on log-transformed data.	WBPaper00065373:sek-1(km4)_downregulated_cisplatin
	Genes that showed expression levels higher than the corresponding reference sample (L2 all cell reference).	A Mann-Whitney U test with an empirical background model and FDR correction for multiple testing was used to detect expressed transcripts (Benjamini and Hochberg 1995). Genes and TARs with an FDR <= 0.05 were reported as expressed above background. Authors detected differentially expressed transcripts using a method based on linear models. Genes and TARs were called differentially expressed if the FDR was <= 0.05 and the fold change (FC) >= 2.0. To more strictly correct for potential false-positives resulting from multiple sample comparisons, authors divided individual FDR estimates by the number of samplesor sample comparisons, respectively. This resulted in an adjusted FDR of 1.3 * 0.0001 for expression above background and of 7.4 * 0.0001 for differential expression. Authors called genes selectively enriched in a given tissue if they met the following requirements: (1) enriched expression in a given tissue (FDR <= 0.05 and FC >= 2.0), (2) fold change versus reference among the upper 40% of the positive FC range observed for this gene across all tissues, and (3) fold-change entropy among the lower 40% of the distribution observed for all genes.	WBPaper00037950:coelomocytes_L2-larva_expressed
	Transcripts that showed significantly increased expression in ilc-17.1(syb5296) comparing to in N2 animals at L4 larva stage.	DESeq2, fold change > 2, FDR < 0.05.	WBPaper00066594:ilc-17.1(syb5296)_upregulated
	Genes that were not enriched in either spermatogenic fem-3(q96gf) nor oogenic fog-2(q71) gonads, according to RNAseq analysis.	To identify differentially expressed transcripts, authors used R/Bioconductor package DESeq.	WBPaper00045521:Gender_Neutral
	Transcripts that showed significantly decreased expression in the neurons of bcat-1(RNAi) animals at 5-days post L4 adult hermaphrodite stage, comparing to animals injected with empty vector.	DESeq2. FDR < 0.05.	WBPaper00060459:bcat-1(RNAi)_downregulated
	Transcripts that showed significantly decreased expression in nhl-2(ok818) comparing to in N2 at 25C.	EdgeR, FDR < 0.05, fold change < 0.5.	WBPaper00055971:nhl-2(ok818)_25C_upregulated
	Transcripts that showed decreased expression in hlh-11(ko1) knockout strain comparing to in wild type background.	DESeq2, FDR < 0.05	WBPaper00060683:hlh-11(ko1)_downregulated
Bacteria infection: Enterococcus faecalis OG1RF. Exposure for 16 hours.	Transcripts that showed significantly decreased expression in hpx-2(dg047) after animals were exposed to E. faecalis OG1RF for 16 hours comparing to exposure to E. Coli OP50.	Cuffcompare and Cuffdiff	WBPaper00056090:E.faecalis_downregulated_hpx-2(dg047)

6 Expression Patterns

• Primary Identifier: Expr1031412
• Pattern: Tiling arrays expression graphs

• Primary Identifier: Expr1151109
• Pattern: Developmental gene expression time-course. Raw data can be downloaded from ftp://caltech.wormbase.org/pub/wormbase/datasets-published/hashimshony2015

• Primary Identifier: Expr1154
• Remark: This lin-36::GFP reporter transgene rescued the Muv phenotype of a lin-36; lin-15(n767) strain, indicating that it was expressed in cells needed for lin-36 function.
• Pattern: lin-36::GFP was expressed in the nuclei of the P(3-8).p cells and their descendants during vulval cell determination, division and invagination. Similar observations have been made with an independently constructed lin-36::GFP reporter. Besides the P(3-8).p cells, many other cells expressed GFP in strains bearing this reporter construct. Most notably, neurons of the head, tail and ventral cord expressed lin-36::GFP throughout development, and sporadic fluorescence was infrequently observed in the germline. Very weak staining was observed in hypodermal and intestinal nuclei.
• Subcellular Localization: lin-36::GFP expression in all cases was localized to nuclei. The GFP reporter gene used in the construction of this reporter construct did not contain a nuclear localization sequence, but as mentioned above, the lin-36 coding region contains a potential nuclear localization sequence.

• Primary Identifier: Expr1021965
• Pattern: Developmental gene expression time-course. Raw data can be downloaded from ftp://caltech.wormbase.org/pub/wormbase/datasets-published/levin2012

• Primary Identifier: Expr2013178
• Pattern: Single cell embryonic expression. Only cell types with an expression fraction of greater 0.2 of the maximum expressed fraction are labeled (Full data can be downloaded from http://caltech.wormbase.org/pub/wormbase/datasets-published/packer2019/). The colors represent the broad cell class to which the cell type has been assigned. The size of the point is proportional to the log2 of the numbers of cells in the dataset of that cell type. Interactive visualizations are available as a web app (https://cello.shinyapps.io/celegans/) and can also be installed as an R package (https://github.com/qinzhu/VisCello.celegans).

• Primary Identifier: Expr2031410
• Pattern: Single cell embryonic expression. Only cell types with an expression fraction of greater 0.2 of the maximum expressed fraction are labeled (Full data can be downloaded from http://caltech.wormbase.org/pub/wormbase/datasets-published/packer2019/). The colors represent the broad cell class to which the cell type has been assigned. The size of the point is proportional to the log2 of the numbers of cells in the dataset of that cell type. Interactive visualizations are available as a web app (https://cello.shinyapps.io/celegans/) and can also be installed as an R package (https://github.com/qinzhu/VisCello.celegans).

6 GO Annotation

1 Homologues

1 Locations

• Feature . Primary Identifier: WBGene00003021
• Start: 8016648
• End: 8020873
• Strand: -1

6 Ontology Annotations

6 Regulates Expr Cluster

Regulated By Treatment	Description	Algorithm	Primary Identifier
	Transcripts that showed significantly decreased expression in lin-36(we31) comparing to in N2 animals at starved L1 larva stage.	A gene model was built based on the WS260 annotation. Tag counts for each gene were extracted from STAR aligned BAM files, anddifferential gene expression between N2 and mutant backgrounds was tested using DESeq2. A false discovery rate(FDR) < 0.01 and LFC > 0.5849 was used to define genes as upregulated, and FDR < 0.01 and LFC < -1 was used to define genes asdownregulated.	WBPaper00062056:lin-36(we31)_downregulated
	Transcripts that showed significantly increased expression in lin-36(we36) comparing to in N2 animals at starved L1 larva stage.	A gene model was built based on the WS260 annotation. Tag counts for each gene were extracted from STAR aligned BAM files, anddifferential gene expression between N2 and mutant backgrounds was tested using DESeq2. A false discovery rate(FDR) < 0.01 and LFC > 0.5849 was used to define genes as upregulated, and FDR < 0.01 and LFC < -1 was used to define genes asdownregulated.	WBPaper00062056:lin-36(we36)_upregulated
	Transcripts that showed significantly increased expression in lin-36(we31) comparing to in N2 animals at starved L1 larva stage.	A gene model was built based on the WS260 annotation. Tag counts for each gene were extracted from STAR aligned BAM files, anddifferential gene expression between N2 and mutant backgrounds was tested using DESeq2. A false discovery rate(FDR) < 0.01 and LFC > 0.5849 was used to define genes as upregulated, and FDR < 0.01 and LFC < -1 was used to define genes asdownregulated.	WBPaper00062056:lin-36(we31)_upregulated
	Transcripts that showed significantly increased expression in lin-36(n766) comparing to in N2 animals at starved L1 larva stage.	A gene model was built based on the WS260 annotation. Tag counts for each gene were extracted from STAR aligned BAM files, anddifferential gene expression between N2 and mutant backgrounds was tested using DESeq2. A false discovery rate(FDR) < 0.01 and LFC > 0.5849 was used to define genes as upregulated, and FDR < 0.01 and LFC < -1 was used to define genes asdownregulated.	WBPaper00062056:lin-36(n766)_upregulated
	Transcripts that showed significantly decreased expression in lin-36(we36) comparing to in N2 animals at starved L1 larva stage.	A gene model was built based on the WS260 annotation. Tag counts for each gene were extracted from STAR aligned BAM files, anddifferential gene expression between N2 and mutant backgrounds was tested using DESeq2. A false discovery rate(FDR) < 0.01 and LFC > 0.5849 was used to define genes as upregulated, and FDR < 0.01 and LFC < -1 was used to define genes asdownregulated.	WBPaper00062056:lin-36(we36)_downregulated
	Transcripts that showed significantly decreased expression in lin-36(n766) comparing to in N2 animals at starved L1 larva stage.	A gene model was built based on the WS260 annotation. Tag counts for each gene were extracted from STAR aligned BAM files, anddifferential gene expression between N2 and mutant backgrounds was tested using DESeq2. A false discovery rate(FDR) < 0.01 and LFC > 0.5849 was used to define genes as upregulated, and FDR < 0.01 and LFC < -1 was used to define genes asdownregulated.	WBPaper00062056:lin-36(n766)_downregulated

1 Sequence

• Length: 4226

1 Sequence Ontology Term