WormMine: Gene WBGene00010991

• WormBase Gene ID: WBGene00010991
• Gene Name: gskl-1
• Sequence Name: R03D7.5
• Organism: Caenorhabditis elegans
• Automated Description: Predicted to enable protein serine/threonine kinase activity. Predicted to be involved in several processes, including negative regulation of canonical Wnt signaling pathway; positive regulation of proteasomal ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process; and regulation of microtubule cytoskeleton organization. Predicted to be located in axon; cytosol; and nucleus. Expressed in gonad; sperm; and spermatocyte.
• Biotype: SO:0001217
• Genetic Position: II :3.1338±
• Length (nt): 1705

1 Organism

• Name: Caenorhabditis elegans
• Taxon Id: 6239

1 Synonyms

• Value: WBGene00010991

Genomics

2 Transcripts

WormMine ID	Sequence Name	Length (nt)	Chromosome Location
Transcript:R03D7.5a.1	R03D7.5a.1	1222	II: 10947559-10949263
Transcript:R03D7.5b.1	R03D7.5b.1	279	II: 10948906-10949184

Other

2 CDSs

WormMine ID	Sequence Name	Length (nt)	Chromosome Location
CDS:R03D7.5a	R03D7.5a	1092	II: 10947610-10947673
CDS:R03D7.5b	R03D7.5b	279	II: 10948906-10949184

3 RNAi Result

• WBRNAi00051174
• WBRNAi00017349
• WBRNAi00034553

25 Allele

• gk963801
• gk963053
• gk962682
• gk963356
• WBVar02068223
• WBVar01379311
• tm4146
• gk154068
• gk154067
• gk154069
• WBVar01943556
• WBVar00238566
• gk859921
• gk586428
• otn5833
• gk512181
• gk859485
• gk457116
• gk608494
• gk927523
• gk667043
• WBVar01895295
• WBVar01895296
• gk552684
• WBVar01784497

1 Chromosome

• WormBase ID: II
• Organism: Caenorhabditis elegans
• Length (nt): 15279421

1 Chromosome Location

• Feature . Primary Identifier: WBGene00010991
• Start: 10947559
• End: 10949263
• Strand: 1

4 Data Sets

• WormBaseAcedbConverter
• GO Annotation data set
• C. elegans genomic annotations (GFF3 Gene)
• Panther orthologue and paralogue predictions

1 Downstream Intergenic Region

• WormBase ID: intergenic_region_chrII_10949264..10950351
• Length (nt): 1088
• Chromosome Location: II: 10949264-10950351
• Organism: Caenorhabditis elegans

102 Expression Clusters

Regulated By Treatment	Description	Algorithm	Primary Identifier
adult vs dauer larva	Transcripts that showed differential expression in adult vs dauer lava in N2 animals at 20C.	N.A.	WBPaper00050488:adult_vs_dauer_regulated_N2_20C
Bacteria: E.faecalis strain OG1RF	Transcripts that showed significantly increased expression after infection by E. faecalis OG1RF.	Ballgown was used to calculate differential expression of genes using FPKM data and to generate tables with fold change and P values. Genes were shortlisted with a cutoff of 2-fold change and P values of less than 0.05.	WBPaper00059754:E.faecalis_OG1RF_upregulated
Heat shock: 35C for 1 hour.	Transcripts that showed significantly increased expression immediately after 1-day post L4 adult hermaphrodite N2 animals were exposed to 35C for 1 hour.	The DESeq2 (GalaxyVersion 2.11.40.6 + galaxy1) was used to determine differentiallyexpressed features from count tables of differential transcript abundances. log2FC > 1, FDR < 0.01.	WBPaper00065749:Heat-Shock_upregulated_N2
	Transcripts that showed significantly increased expression in day 1 adult hermaphrodite comparing to in L4 larva fem-3(q20) animals.	Fold change > 2, FDR < 0.05	WBPaper00064088:Day-1-adult_vs_L4_upregulated_fem-3(q20)
	Transcripts that showed significantly increased expression in day 3 adult hermaphrodite comparing to in L4 larva fem-3(q20) animals.	Fold change > 2, FDR < 0.05	WBPaper00064088:Day-3-adult_vs_L4_upregulated_fem-3(q20)
	Transcripts that showed significantly decreased expression in hsp-6(mg585) comparing to in N2 at L4 larva stage.	EdgeR, fold change > 2, FDR < 0.001.	WBPaper00056290:hsp-6(mg585)_downregulated
	Transcripts that showed significantly decreased expression in N2 animals exposed to 0.1mM Paraquat from hatching to reaching adult stage.	DESeq2 version 1.22.2, p < 0.05	WBPaper00064716:paraquat_downregulated
	Transcripts that showed significantly decreased expression in Day 5 (5-days post-L4) vs. Day 0 (L4 larva) of adulthood N2 animals.	Differential expression for both small RNA- and mRNA-seq data was tested using DESeq2; P-values were adjusted for multiple testing by Benjamini-Hochberg method.	WBPaper00053318:Aging_downregulated_mRNA_N2
	Transcripts that showed significantly decreased expression in mir-71(n4115) comparing to in N2 at 4-days post L4 adult hermaphrodite.	Differential expression for both small RNA- and mRNA-seq data was tested using DESeq2; P-values were adjusted for multiple testing by Benjamini-Hochberg method.	WBPaper00053318:mir-71(n4115)_downregulated_mRNA
	Transcripts that showed significantly decreased expression in dissected female germline comparing to in dissected male germline.	Log2 Fold change > 2 or <-1, p-value < 0.05.	WBPaper00053599:female_vs_male_downregulated
	Transcripts that showed significantly increased expression in 10-days post L4 adult hermaphrodite npr-8(ok1439) animals grown at 25C, comparing to in N2 animals.	CuffDiff, fold change > 2.	WBPaper00065096:npr-8(ok1439)_upregulated_Day10_25C
	Transcripts that showed significantly increased expression in oocyte germline cells comparing to in mitosis germline cells.	Log2 Fold change > 2 or <-1, p-value < 0.05.	WBPaper00053599:oocyte_vs_mitosis_upregulated
	Genes that showed expression levels higher than the corresponding reference sample (L2 all cell reference).	A Mann-Whitney U test with an empirical background model and FDR correction for multiple testing was used to detect expressed transcripts (Benjamini and Hochberg 1995). Genes and TARs with an FDR <= 0.05 were reported as expressed above background. Authors detected differentially expressed transcripts using a method based on linear models. Genes and TARs were called differentially expressed if the FDR was <= 0.05 and the fold change (FC) >= 2.0. To more strictly correct for potential false-positives resulting from multiple sample comparisons, authors divided individual FDR estimates by the number of samplesor sample comparisons, respectively. This resulted in an adjusted FDR of 1.3 * 0.0001 for expression above background and of 7.4 * 0.0001 for differential expression. Authors called genes selectively enriched in a given tissue if they met the following requirements: (1) enriched expression in a given tissue (FDR <= 0.05 and FC >= 2.0), (2) fold change versus reference among the upper 40% of the positive FC range observed for this gene across all tissues, and (3) fold-change entropy among the lower 40% of the distribution observed for all genes.	WBPaper00037950:all-neurons_L2-larva_expressed
	Genes that showed expression levels higher than the corresponding reference sample (L2 all cell reference).	A Mann-Whitney U test with an empirical background model and FDR correction for multiple testing was used to detect expressed transcripts (Benjamini and Hochberg 1995). Genes and TARs with an FDR <= 0.05 were reported as expressed above background. Authors detected differentially expressed transcripts using a method based on linear models. Genes and TARs were called differentially expressed if the FDR was <= 0.05 and the fold change (FC) >= 2.0. To more strictly correct for potential false-positives resulting from multiple sample comparisons, authors divided individual FDR estimates by the number of samplesor sample comparisons, respectively. This resulted in an adjusted FDR of 1.3 * 0.0001 for expression above background and of 7.4 * 0.0001 for differential expression. Authors called genes selectively enriched in a given tissue if they met the following requirements: (1) enriched expression in a given tissue (FDR <= 0.05 and FC >= 2.0), (2) fold change versus reference among the upper 40% of the positive FC range observed for this gene across all tissues, and (3) fold-change entropy among the lower 40% of the distribution observed for all genes.	WBPaper00037950:coelomocytes_L2-larva_expressed
	Genes that showed expression levels higher than the corresponding reference sample (L2 all cell reference).	A Mann-Whitney U test with an empirical background model and FDR correction for multiple testing was used to detect expressed transcripts (Benjamini and Hochberg 1995). Genes and TARs with an FDR <= 0.05 were reported as expressed above background. Authors detected differentially expressed transcripts using a method based on linear models. Genes and TARs were called differentially expressed if the FDR was <= 0.05 and the fold change (FC) >= 2.0. To more strictly correct for potential false-positives resulting from multiple sample comparisons, authors divided individual FDR estimates by the number of samplesor sample comparisons, respectively. This resulted in an adjusted FDR of 1.3 * 0.0001 for expression above background and of 7.4 * 0.0001 for differential expression. Authors called genes selectively enriched in a given tissue if they met the following requirements: (1) enriched expression in a given tissue (FDR <= 0.05 and FC >= 2.0), (2) fold change versus reference among the upper 40% of the positive FC range observed for this gene across all tissues, and (3) fold-change entropy among the lower 40% of the distribution observed for all genes.	WBPaper00037950:GABAergic-motor-neurons_L2-larva_expressed
	Genes that showed expression levels higher than the corresponding reference sample (embryonic 0hr reference).	A Mann-Whitney U test with an empirical background model and FDR correction for multiple testing was used to detect expressed transcripts (Benjamini and Hochberg 1995). Genes and TARs with an FDR <= 0.05 were reported as expressed above background. Authors detected differentially expressed transcripts using a method based on linear models. Genes and TARs were called differentially expressed if the FDR was <= 0.05 and the fold change (FC) >= 2.0. To more strictly correct for potential false-positives resulting from multiple sample comparisons, authors divided individual FDR estimates by the number of samplesor sample comparisons, respectively. This resulted in an adjusted FDR of 1.3 * 0.0001 for expression above background and of 7.4 * 0.0001 for differential expression. Authors called genes selectively enriched in a given tissue if they met the following requirements: (1) enriched expression in a given tissue (FDR <= 0.05 and FC >= 2.0), (2) fold change versus reference among the upper 40% of the positive FC range observed for this gene across all tissues, and (3) fold-change entropy among the lower 40% of the distribution observed for all genes.	WBPaper00037950:germline-precursors_blastula-embryo_expressed
	Genes that showed expression levels higher than the corresponding reference sample (L2 all cell reference).	A Mann-Whitney U test with an empirical background model and FDR correction for multiple testing was used to detect expressed transcripts (Benjamini and Hochberg 1995). Genes and TARs with an FDR <= 0.05 were reported as expressed above background. Authors detected differentially expressed transcripts using a method based on linear models. Genes and TARs were called differentially expressed if the FDR was <= 0.05 and the fold change (FC) >= 2.0. To more strictly correct for potential false-positives resulting from multiple sample comparisons, authors divided individual FDR estimates by the number of samplesor sample comparisons, respectively. This resulted in an adjusted FDR of 1.3 * 0.0001 for expression above background and of 7.4 * 0.0001 for differential expression. Authors called genes selectively enriched in a given tissue if they met the following requirements: (1) enriched expression in a given tissue (FDR <= 0.05 and FC >= 2.0), (2) fold change versus reference among the upper 40% of the positive FC range observed for this gene across all tissues, and (3) fold-change entropy among the lower 40% of the distribution observed for all genes.	WBPaper00037950:glr-1(+)-neurons_L2-larva_expressed
	Transcripts that showed significantly increased expression in ilc-17.1(syb5296) comparing to in N2 animals at L4 larva stage.	DESeq2, fold change > 2, FDR < 0.05.	WBPaper00066594:ilc-17.1(syb5296)_upregulated
	Transcripts that showed significantly decreased expression in eat-2(ad1116) comparing to in N2 at 3-days post L4 adult hermaphrodite animals.	DESeq2(v1.14.1), fold change > 2, p-value < 0.05	WBPaper00055354:eat-2(ad1116)_downregulated
	Transcripts that showed significantly increased expression in daf-2(e1370) comparing to in N2.	Student's t-test, fold change > 2, p-value < 0.05.	WBPaper00055386:daf-2(e1370)_upregulated
	Transcripts that showed altered expression from P0 to F2 generation animals after N2 parental generation were treated with antimycin, but not in damt-1(gk961032) P0 to F2 animals after the parenal generaton were treated with antimycin.	N.A.	WBPaper00055862:antimycin_damt-1(gk961032)_regulated
	Up-regulated genes (fold change > 1.5) in two CoQ-deficient clk-1 mutant strains (e2519, qm30) compared to wild types N2.	Fold-changes of intensities were calculated from the arithmetic mean of gene expression values between experimental and corresponding control group. Fold change >= 1.5 was used as cut-off.	WBPaper00045774:clk-1_upregulated
Starvation 48 hours at L1 arrest	Transcripts that showed significantly increased expression in starved N2 animals (48 hours at L1 arrest)	Fold change > 2.	WBPaper00064005:starvation_upregulated_N2_mRNA
	Transcripts of coding genes that showed significantly increased expression in muscle.	DESeq2 (version 1.24.0). Transcripts with a false-discovery rate adjusted p-value less than 0.05 were considered significantly differentially expressed.	WBPaper00062325:muscle_enriched_coding-RNA
20C vs 25C	Transcripts that showed differential expression in 20C vs 25C in mir-34(OverExpression) animals at adult stage.	N.A.	WBPaper00050488:20C_vs_25C_regulated_mir-34(OverExpression)_adult
	Transcripts that showed significantly increased expression in day 3 adult hermaphrodite comparing to in L4 larva glp-1(e2141) animals.	Fold change > 2, FDR < 0.05	WBPaper00064088:Day-3-adult_vs_L4_upregulated_glp-1(e2141)
	Transcripts that showed significantly decreased expression in nhr-114(gk849) comparing to wild type animals at L4 larva.	DESeq2 1.26.0, fold change > 2, FDR < 0.05.	WBPaper00064539:nhr-114(gk849)_downregulated
	Transcripts that showed significantly increased expression in sma-4(rax3) comparing to in N2 at 1-day post-L4 adult hermaphrodite	HTseq-count was used to count reads mapped to each gene and counting data was imported to EdgeR for statistical analysis. Statistical significance was defined by adjusted P value (false discovery rate, FDR) of <0.05.	WBPaper00053184:sma-4(rax3)_upregulated
Temprature shift to 28C for 48 hours.	Transcripts that showed significantly increased expression after animals were exposed to 28C temperature for 48 hours.	Differentially expressed genes wereidentified using DESeq (v.1.18.0) by normalizing readsbased on the negative binomial distribution method andcomparing each HS timepoint to the 0-h control.	WBPaper00061341:28C_48h_upregulated
heat shock: 33C 30min	Transcripts that showed significantly decreased expression in hsf-1(RNAi) animals, after heat shock at 33 C for 30min, comparing to in hsf-1(RNAi) animals without heat shock.	Transcripts that were differentially expressed in different conditions, compared to the hsf-1(+);-HS control, were determined with CuffDiff, which uses the Benjamini-Hochberg correction for multiple testing to obtain the q-value (the FDR-adjusted the p-value).	WBPaper00049942:HeatShock_downregulated_hsf-1(RNAi)

10 Expression Patterns

• Primary Identifier: Expr2023567
• Pattern: Single cell embryonic expression. Only cell types with an expression fraction of greater 0.2 of the maximum expressed fraction are labeled (Full data can be downloaded from http://caltech.wormbase.org/pub/wormbase/datasets-published/packer2019/). The colors represent the broad cell class to which the cell type has been assigned. The size of the point is proportional to the log2 of the numbers of cells in the dataset of that cell type. Interactive visualizations are available as a web app (https://cello.shinyapps.io/celegans/) and can also be installed as an R package (https://github.com/qinzhu/VisCello.celegans).

• Primary Identifier: Expr16270
• Pattern: gskl-1 and gskl-2 are expressed in the male germline.

• Primary Identifier: Expr2005347
• Pattern: Single cell embryonic expression. Only cell types with an expression fraction of greater 0.2 of the maximum expressed fraction are labeled (Full data can be downloaded from http://caltech.wormbase.org/pub/wormbase/datasets-published/packer2019/). The colors represent the broad cell class to which the cell type has been assigned. The size of the point is proportional to the log2 of the numbers of cells in the dataset of that cell type. Interactive visualizations are available as a web app (https://cello.shinyapps.io/celegans/) and can also be installed as an R package (https://github.com/qinzhu/VisCello.celegans).

• Primary Identifier: Expr16272
• Pattern: GSKL-1-FLAG and GSKL-2-Ollas immunofluorescence was also detected specifically in the hermaphrodite sperm.

• Primary Identifier: Expr1027428
• Pattern: Developmental gene expression time-course. Raw data can be downloaded from ftp://caltech.wormbase.org/pub/wormbase/datasets-published/levin2012

• Primary Identifier: Expr16274
• Pattern: Consistent with the western blot experiments, immunostaining of endogenous GSKL-1-FLAG and GSKL-2-Ollas worms revealed strong fluorescence at multiple stages of spermatogenesis. In males, immunofluorescence was brightest in the proximal gonad, which is where spermatogenesis occurs. Immunofluorescence was also observed in the cytoplasm of primary and secondary spermatocytes, in a punctate pattern for both tagged proteins, but was not detected in similar immunostaining experiments using wild-type untagged control worms.

• Primary Identifier: Expr16275
• Pattern: Consistent with the western blot experiments, immunostaining of endogenous GSKL-1-FLAG and GSKL-2-Ollas worms revealed strong fluorescence at multiple stages of spermatogenesis. In males, immunofluorescence was brightest in the proximal gonad, which is where spermatogenesis occurs. Immunofluorescence was also observed in the cytoplasm of primary and secondary spermatocytes, in a punctate pattern for both tagged proteins, but was not detected in similar immunostaining experiments using wild-type untagged control worms.

• Primary Identifier: Expr16276
• Pattern: Consistent with the western blot experiments, immunostaining of endogenous GSKL-1-FLAG and GSKL-2-Ollas worms revealed strong fluorescence at multiple stages of spermatogenesis. In males, immunofluorescence was brightest in the proximal gonad, which is where spermatogenesis occurs. Immunofluorescence was also observed in the cytoplasm of primary and secondary spermatocytes, in a punctate pattern for both tagged proteins, but was not detected in similar immunostaining experiments using wild-type untagged control worms.

• Primary Identifier: Expr16280
• Subcellular Localization: GSKL-1 and GSKL-2 localize to the pseudopod in spermatozoa.

• Primary Identifier: Expr1154881
• Pattern: Developmental gene expression time-course. Raw data can be downloaded from ftp://caltech.wormbase.org/pub/wormbase/datasets-published/hashimshony2015

18 GO Annotation

12 Homologues

1 Locations

• Feature . Primary Identifier: WBGene00010991
• Start: 10947559
• End: 10949263
• Strand: 1

18 Ontology Annotations

0 Regulates Expr Cluster

1 Sequence

• Length: 1705

1 Sequence Ontology Term