WormMine: AnatomyTerm WBbt:0006978

• Definition: hypodermis making up the tail.
• Name: tail hypodermis
• Primary Identifier: WBbt:0006978

4 Children

Definition	Name	Synonym	Primary Identifier
Tail ventral hypodermis, 9th hypodermis cell	hyp9		WBbt:0004380
Tail ventral hypodermis	hyp10	lineage name: ABplppppppp	WBbt:0004378
Tail ventral hypodermis, 8th hypodermis cell	hyp8		WBbt:0004381
Tail dorsal hypodermis	hyp11	lineage name: Cpappv	WBbt:0004377

3 Expression Clusters

Regulated By Treatment	Description	Algorithm	Primary Identifier
	Top 300 transcripts enriched in tail hypodermis according to single cell RNAseq.	Top 300 enriched transcripts were determined by log2.ratio of the tpm in the cell type vs the tpm in the other cells * the log2 of the cell.type tpm.	WBPaper00061340:Tail_hypodermis
	Single-cell RNA-Seq cell group 30_1 expressed in hypodermis.	scVI 0.6.0	WBPaper00065841:30_1
	Single-cell RNA-Seq cell group 82_0 with unidentified tissue expression pattern.	scVI 0.6.0	WBPaper00065841:82_0

29 Expression Patterns

• Primary Identifier: Expr12443
• Pattern: A GFP fusion gene with 7.7 kb of nsy-4 upstream sequence was expressed beginning at the comma stage of embryogenesis and continuing until the adult. At the 2-fold stage of embryogenesis, expression was prominent in the excretory cell and in anterior epidermal cells. At the first larval stage, the nsy-4 reporter transgene was expressed in the excretory cell, in epidermal cells in the head (some or all of hyp 1-6) and tail (some or all of hyp 8-11), and in the P neuro-epidermoblasts, both before and after their ventral migration. Weak nsy-4::GFP expression was detectable in a few neurons. In three appropriate mosaic animals identified at the L1/L2 stage, nsy-4::GFP was observed in the AWC cell body. Expression was not detectable in AWC in older animals.

• Primary Identifier: Expr10635
• Pattern: YAP-1::GFP was widely localized in the cytoplasm of several tissues in adult and larval stage. YAP-1::GFP is expressed in epithelial and muscular tissues including the seam cells, epithelial cells and pharynx muscles in a head region, the excretory tissue, hypodermal cells, gonadal sheath cells, the spermatheca, the intestine, the vulva, and hypodermal cells in a tail region.
• Subcellular Localization: YAP-1::GFP appeared in cytoplasm of epithelial cells during/after active proliferation. YAP-1::GFP was transiently expressed in nuclei of the dorsal epidermal cells during the specific development stages, which are involved in dorsal intercalation and ventral enclosure. YAP-1::GFP did not appear to be localized in nuclei of embryonic cells at the late development stage, when embryo undergoes elongation. Thus, YAP-1::GFP is likely to be temporarily localized in nuclei of embryonic epithelial cells, suggesting that the subcellular localization of YAP-1 may be regulated depending on developmental stage.

• Primary Identifier: Expr1449
• Pattern: PKC3 is expressed throughout the lifespan of C. elegans. However, both the content and intracellular distribution of PKC3 vary with development. For example, total PKC3 content in L1 larvae is increased 7-fold relative to the minimal level observed in L3 animals. Embryos and L4 larvae are also 3- to 4-fold enriched in PKC3.
• Subcellular Localization: A very high proportion (75100%) of PKC3 partitions with the insoluble fraction of homogenates from embryos, L2L4 larvae, and young adult C. elegans. L1 larvae have the highest level of particulate PKC3 but also contain a similar amount of the kinase in cytosol. The highest level of soluble PKC3 is detected in L1 larvae.

• Primary Identifier: Expr11367
• Pattern: SNF-3::GFP transgenic worms displayed strong expression in the excretory canal, tail hypodermal cells, epidermis and vulval epithelia cells. SNF-3 was also expressed in some neurons, including the excretory canal-associated neuron, and some sensory neurons in the head including ILs, OLs, ADE and AQR.

• Primary Identifier: Expr13606
• Remark: Strain UL2626, UL2627
• Pattern: Larval and adult expression in the posterior intestine, body neurons, tail hypodermis, pseudocoelom and an unidentified structure around anus. Occasional spermathecae and excretory gland expression. Widespread expression in comma stage embryos. No intestinal, neuronal, hypodermal, excretory cell or pseudocoelom expression seen previously. No vulval expression seen in the current study. Larval and adult expression in the posterior intestine, body neurons, tail hypodermis, pseudocoelom and an unidentified structure around anus. Occasional spermathecae and excretory gland expression. Widespread expression in comma stage embryos.

• Primary Identifier: Expr14213
• Remark: Other Strains: OH14272
• Pattern: Rectal epithelial cells, head and tail hypodermis, vulva, seam cells, PVT. There is some neuronal exp but it's variable and dim

• Primary Identifier: Expr12167
• Pattern: pcbd-1 was expressed in the epidermis (hyp7, tail and head epidermis) -similar to what observed in cat-4 transgenics- but was not highly expressed in 5HT and DA neurons. These transgenics all also showed some expression of varying intensity in other cells (non-epidermal cells, and non-5HT and non-DA neurons in the head and body).

• Primary Identifier: Expr11887
• Pattern: At the comma stage, during larval development, and in adult animals, mig-14 is mainly expressed in the posterior part of the animal. The expression of mig-14 overlaps with the known expression patterns of C. elegans Wnt genes. Thus, mig-14 is expressed in the tail hypodermis, which expresses the Wnt gene lin-44 (Herman and Horvitz, 1994); in cells in the anal region that express egl-20/Wnt (Whangbo and Kenyon, 1999); and in posterior body wall muscle cells that express cwn-1/Wnt (Gleason et al., 2006; Pan et al., 2006). In addition, mig-14 is strongly expressed in the stomatointestinal muscle, the mesoblast cell M and its descendants, the CAN neurons, the developing vulva, the pharynx, and the pharyngeal intestinal valve. mig-14 is also weakly expressed in a small subset of head neurons, the ventral nerve cord, and the seam cells, but is undetectable in the main body hypodermis and the intestine.

• Primary Identifier: Expr10010
• Pattern: ALG-1 was prominently expressed in the pharynx. Cells in the tail also displayed specific expression. Expression was seen in vulva, seam cells, ventral nerve chord and somatic gonad. The endogenous ALG-1 expression was confirmed for the pharynx and head neurons with a polyclonal antibody raised against the ALG-1 specific N-terminus region. Examination of the ALG-1 expression during larval development did not reveal differences in expression during the four larval stages and adults. During embryogenesis ALG-1 is first detected at the beginning of the morphogenetic phase.

• Primary Identifier: Expr14214
• Remark: Other Strains: OH14274
• Pattern: ASI, other dim pairs in the head, pharynx, sometimes PVT, sometimes vulva, PHB, other neurons in tail, tail epidermis - in general expression variable and not very distict

• Primary Identifier: Expr14235
• Remark: Other Strain: OH14387
• Pattern: ASI, other head neurons and non-neuronal cells, REC and tail hypodermis, PVT, dim pharynx, sometimes ceolomocytes, dim VNC. In general expression not very crisp.

• Primary Identifier: Expr11480
• Pattern: plr-1 expression was observed in a subset of head, ventral nerve cord and tail neurons as well as in the excretory canal and tail epidermis. In particular, expression was observed in DB, NSM, RIF or RIG, PHC, CAN, HSN, and VC. Transient expression was detected in AVG during early larval development and late embryogenesis, which is when AVG differentiates. The mechanosensory neurons ALM, AVM, PLM and PVM respond to Wnts and do not express PLR-1.
• Subcellular Localization: When co-expressed in AVG, most PLR-1-mCherry puncta are colabeled with the late endosomal marker RME-8-GFP and some PLR-1-GFP vesicles are marked by the early endosomal reporter mRFP-EEA-1. A few PLR-1 vesicles are co-labeled with the Golgi marker MANS-YFP, but none are marked by the lysosomal reporter LMP-1-GFP. Thus, PLR-1 accumulates primarily in endosomes.

• Primary Identifier: Expr15313

• Primary Identifier: Expr11584
• Pattern: Paakb-1::GFP is strongly expressed in pharyngeal muscles, the pharyngeal intestinal valve cells as previously noted and a few head neurons of the pharynx and the ring region. It is also detected in some support cells. Tail expression of Paakb-1::GFP includes the tail minor epithelium, the rectal-intestinal valve, posterior intestine and body wall muscles. Mid-body expression is mostly restricted to muscles of the vulva, uterus and body wall, but is also detected in the intestine. For a summary of Paakb-1::GFP see table S10.

• Primary Identifier: Expr9254
• Pattern: miR-51 GFP reporter was restricted in expression to anterior and ventral cells identified as neurons, tail hypodermal cells, cells of the excretory system, and the arcade cells.

• Primary Identifier: Expr9321
• Pattern: tomm-40 was expressed at high levels in pharyngeal muscles, the nerve ring, the intestine, gonadal sheath and in tail hypodermis.

• Primary Identifier: Expr10011
• Pattern: ALG-2 was predominantly expressed in subsets of neurons in the head ganglia. Cells in the tail also displayed specific expression. Expression was seen in vulva, seam cells, ventral nerve chord and somatic gonad. Examination of the ALG-2 expression during larval development did not reveal differences in expression during the four larval stages and adults. During embryogenesis ALG-2 started to be expressed from pre-morphogenetic embryonic stages.

• Primary Identifier: Expr1200018
• Pattern: Data from the TransgeneOme project

• Primary Identifier: Expr13594
• Remark: Strain UL2441, UL2440, UL2442
• Pattern: Spermathecae, tail hypodermis, unidentified tail cells, head neurons, pharyngeal nerve ring and posterior intestinal expression in larvae and adults.

• Primary Identifier: Expr16312
• Pattern: FLN-2 is expressed in the hypodermis including the main body syncytium hyp7 and the smaller head and tail hypodermal cells. In hyp7, FLN-2::GFP shows both vesicular and parallel stripe-like patterns. FLN-2::GFP co-localizes with VHA-5::RFP on the vesicular structures. The parallel stripe- like pattern of FLN-2 overlaps with VAB-10A, a component of the epidermal attachment structures called fibrous organelles (FOs), which suggests that FLN-2 also localizes to the FOs (Zhang and Labouesse, 2010). FLN-2 is also expressed in the kidney-like excretory canal cell, which is important for osmoregulation (Liegeois et al., 2006; Sundaram and Buechner, 2016). In the excretory canal, FLN-2::GFP is aligned at the apical side of VHA-5::RFP.

• Primary Identifier: Expr12012
• Pattern: Strong mid-L4 larvae C06G1.1p::gfp expression was found in the seam cells, two tail hypodermal cells, four cells in the excretory duct system (duct, excretory, gland cells), vulval muscles, and possible IL or OLQ sheath or socket neuronal support cells similar to the expression pattern observed for Ppa-obi-1. In contrast to the earliest Ppa-obi-1 expression in pre-comma stage, C06G1.1 expression is detectable during late embryogenesis in putative seam cells. However, the seam cell expression is detected earlier than Ppa-obi-1p::gfp in the L1 stage and seam cell expression is maintained until the young adult stage. Like Ppa-obi-1, C06G1.1 expression is largely absent in all tissue types when the transgenic animals become one-day old adult hermaphrodites, coinciding with the fusion of seam cells into a syncytium. This observation indicates that C06G1.1 expression in the excretory and epithelial system may be coordinated and involved in seam cell development.

• Primary Identifier: Expr11950
• Remark: Assayed in C. elegans.
• Pattern: Expression was found consistently in hypodermal cells of all lines examined. GFP expression was particularly prominent in the hypodermal cell nuclei hyp5, hyp6, and hyp7 of the head and in the pair of hyp7 cell nuclei in the tail of adult worms. Using sensitive staining techniques for the detection of b-galactosidase activity, expression was also detected in larval stages, again strongly in the head and tail regions. The lacZ expression was less pronounced in the hypodermal cells of the body, with expression being detected in the hypodermal cell nuclei hyp4, hyp5, hyp6, and hyp7 of the head. With prolonged staining (overnight at room temperature) lacZ expression was also observed in the vulval cells of the adult, which are of hypodermal origin, in the adult body wall muscle cells, and in embryonic stages.

• Primary Identifier: Expr13614
• Remark: Strain UL1949
• Pattern: The earliest expression for the gene K04A8.6, chosen based on data in the C. elegans Expression Pattern Consortium database, was also detected in 3-fold embryos. Nuclear localised expression was found in bodywall muscles, hypodermis and the pharyngeal muscles in all post-embryonic stages with the addition of vulval muscles within adults. The fluorescence was not uniform in any of these nuclei; there were regions where fluorescence was absent giving the nuclei a speckled appearance. The majority of expressing nuclei were concentrated in the anterior of the worm, with other nuclei in the tail corresponding to the tail hypodermal cells. Hyp7 and bodywall muscle nuclei were also visible. Very occasionally a punctate distribution of the fusion protein was observed in single adult bodywall muscle cells with some fluorescence remaining in the nucleus. When this non-nuclear localisation of the fusion protein was seen, the fluorescence was arranged in well-separated puncta, which were brighter than the surrounding nuclei in intensity and therefore very distinct.

• Primary Identifier: Expr16381
• Pattern: To characterize gmap-1 expression pattern, we generated a transcriptional reporter strain, where 3772 bp of gmap-1 promoter drives GFP expression. In this strain, GFP was expressed in the hypodermal syncytium (hyp7) and other hypodermal cells of the head and tail. We also observed GFP expression in hypodermis precursors at all developmental stages from late embryo to adulthood, including at the dauer stage, an alternative 3rd larval stage of C. elegans promoted by harsh conditions. However, GFP was never observed in specialized epithelial cells such as the seam cells, vulval epithelium, excretory pore, excretory duct, and rectal epithelium.

• Primary Identifier: Expr11445
• Remark: Reporter fusion construct not specified.
• Pattern: Not expressed in NSM nor in HSN or ADF. Expressed very faintly in a couple of cells in the head. No obvious neuronal expresison. Expressed in tail hypodermal cells and pharyngeal muscle.

• Primary Identifier: Expr13608
• Remark: Strain UL2850, UL2851
• Pattern: Faint expression in larval and adult ventral nerve cord, pharyngeal nerve ring and tail hypodermal cells. Widespread nuclear-localized expression in late embryos.

• Primary Identifier: Expr14747
• Pattern: daf-16a::gfp was mainly expressed in neuronal and hypodermal cells in the head and tail body regions.

• Primary Identifier: Expr11175
• Pattern: Expression of lin-44 is high throughout the entire life span of the worm and increases during aging. As in development, lin-44 expression was observed only in the posterior of the animal. Expression of lin-44 is present in tail hypodermis, hyp8, hyp9, hyp10, and hyp11 cells. Expression was observed throughout the worm's life span, from day 2 (young) to day 12 (old) of adulthood.

• Primary Identifier: Expr12800
• Pattern: nhr-25 was expressed in V seam cells, in the posterior seam-cell T and its daughters (T.a, T.p), and in the hyp cells of wild-type animals.

0 Life Stages

2 Parents

Definition	Name	Synonym	Primary Identifier
Epidermal layer.	hypodermis	epidermis	WBbt:0005733
posterior region, from rectum to the end	tail		WBbt:0005741