WormMine: AnatomyTerm WBbt:0007849

• Definition: Multi-cellular organism that can produce both male and female gametes.
• Name: hermaphrodite
• Primary Identifier: WBbt:0007849
• Synonym: hermaphroditic organism

1 Children

Definition	Name	Synonym	Primary Identifier
cells or anatomical parts specific to the hermaphrodite sex	hermaphrodite-specific anatomical entity		WBbt:0005758

0 Expression Clusters

97 Expression Patterns

• Primary Identifier: Expr14336
• Pattern: As previously reported (Suo et al., 2006; Yoshida et al., 2014), ser-3 and ser-6 were expressed in a number of neurons including the SIA neurons in hermaphrodites. octr-1 was also expressed in the SIA neurons of hermaphrodites. Furthermore, expression of ser-3, ser-6, and octr-1 in the SIA neurons was similarly observed in males.

• Primary Identifier: Expr15024
• Pattern: Consistent with the previous report on the hermaphrodites' expression, we confirmed here that for both sexes, all three of pck-1-expressing reporters express in head and body wall muscles. However, we found that the reporters also express in ventral cord and preanal neurons and nerve ring neurons per side in the head. In the tail region, both larval males and larval/adult hermaphrodites express the transgenes in the dorsal rectal ganglion and three neurons per side in the tail. The adult male shows additional expression in sex-specific neurons of the ray, postcloacal, and spicule sensilla. None of the constructs promote expression in male or hermaphrodite sex muscles, intestine, or pharyngeal muscles.

• Primary Identifier: Expr16104

• Primary Identifier: Expr15027
• Pattern: PCK-2::YFP accumulated in the intestine, epidermis, body wall muscle, pharyngeal muscles, and sex muscles of both sexes; no neural expression was detectable. Expression of PCK-2 in the intestine and pharyngeal muscle is consistent with the earlier report that these tissues contain PEPCK activity (Yuan et al., 2016); however, in these tissues, the expression pattern suggests that the enzyme is likely expressed from pck-2, instead of the pck-1.

• Primary Identifier: Expr16410

• Primary Identifier: Expr15502
• Pattern: rab-28 is expressed in the IL2 neurons present in both males and hermaphrodites, as well as all 21 male-specific extracellular vesicle releasing neurons (EVNs).

• Primary Identifier: Expr13725
• Pattern: TRA-1 is expressed broadly throughout the entire nervous system. Unexpectedly, TRA-1 expression was found to be essentially undetectable in postmitotic neurons in early larval stages (L1, L2), suggesting that at these early larval stages the nervous system may not yet have acquired sexually dimorphic features. We found TRA-1 expression in postmitotic neurons of the nervous system to commence at the L3 stage, peak at the L4 stage, and persist well into adulthood.

• Primary Identifier: Expr11940
• Pattern: In adult hermaphrodites, crh-1 expression is limited to head neurons and gonads.

• Primary Identifier: Expr16401

• Primary Identifier: Expr16402

• Primary Identifier: Expr16406

• Primary Identifier: Expr16418

• Primary Identifier: Expr14335
• Pattern: As previously reported (Suo et al., 2006; Yoshida et al., 2014), ser-3 and ser-6 were expressed in a number of neurons including the SIA neurons in hermaphrodites. octr-1 was also expressed in the SIA neurons of hermaphrodites. Furthermore, expression of ser-3, ser-6, and octr-1 in the SIA neurons was similarly observed in males.

• Primary Identifier: Expr12030
• Pattern: Both YFP::LNKN-1 and LNKN-1::YFP are similarly localized to the plasma membrane of many cells. LNKN-1 begins to be expressed in all somatic gonadal cells of the male, including the LC, the vas deferens precursor cells, and seminal vesicle precursor cells, starting in the early L3 stage and continuing through adulthood. It is also expressed in all somatic gonadal cells of the hermaphrodite, including the distal tip cells, anchor cell, uterine precursor cells, and spermatheca precursor cells. Other expression occurs in pharynx, pharyngeal-intestinal valve, intestine, excretory cell and canal, seam cells, a specialized subset of hypodermal cells, the vulval precursor cells of the hermaphrodite, and hook precursor cells in the male. YFP-tagged LNKN-1 is localized to the plasma membrane, exhibiting stronger localization to the sides of cell-cell contact in tissues such as the intestine, seam, and gonad.

• Primary Identifier: Expr16415

• Primary Identifier: Expr14443
• Pattern: A Plep-5::GFP reporter was expressed in larvae of both sexes in several cell types including the tail tip, pharynx, nervous system, vulva, and seam cells. Notably, expression of the reporter was temporally controlled: GFP was first weakly detectable in early L2, became stronger in late L2, and persisted until late L3. Expression was weak in L4 animals and nearly undetectable in adults.

• Primary Identifier: Expr16272
• Pattern: GSKL-1-FLAG and GSKL-2-Ollas immunofluorescence was also detected specifically in the hermaphrodite sperm.

• Primary Identifier: Expr15797
• Pattern: PLP-1 localizes to P granules throughout the germ line andto similar perinuclear granules in some somatic cells. PLP-1 was present throughout the germ line, with prominent concentration on granules arranged in what appeared as perinuclear circles. Distribution of PLP-1 in the core cytoplasm was more readily noticeable in unfixed, live germ lines expressing the plp-1::gfp transgene. Similar distribution patterns were observed in both hermaphrodite and male germ lines. In worms expressing the plp-1::gfp transgene, we noticed GFP fluorescence in several cells surrounding the pharyngeal bulbs and in cells in the tail region. Even in these somatic cells, PLP-1::GFP was concentrated on perinuclear granules, in addition to being present in the cytoplasm.

• Primary Identifier: Expr15798
• Pattern: PLP-1 localizes to P granules throughout the germ line andto similar perinuclear granules in some somatic cells. PLP-1 was present throughout the germ line, with prominent concentration on granules arranged in what appeared as perinuclear circles. Distribution of PLP-1 in the core cytoplasm was more readily noticeable in unfixed, live germ lines expressing the plp-1::gfp transgene. Similar distribution patterns were observed in both hermaphrodite and male germ lines. In worms expressing the plp-1::gfp transgene, we noticed GFP fluorescence in several cells surrounding the pharyngeal bulbs and in cells in the tail region. Even in these somatic cells, PLP-1::GFP was concentrated on perinuclear granules, in addition to being present in the cytoplasm.

• Primary Identifier: Expr15835
• Pattern: Localization of the FRPR-16 mCherry fusion reporter was observed in the premotor interneurons responsible for reverse locomotory control: AVA, AVE, and AVD. The fluorescent protein was also seen anterior to the nerve ring in the gas-sensing BAG neuron. This expressing pattern was not sex specific, as a matching expression pattern was observed in hermaphrodites.

• Primary Identifier: Expr13487
• Pattern: As previously observed for the A- and C-isoform translational fusion constructs, young adults containing a wild-type copy of the daf-19 gene demonstrate robust expression of the mapk-15 transcriptional-fusion construct in head and tail CSNs of both hermaphrodite and male animals. However, expression of the mapk-15 transcriptional construct was additionally found in the head neurons AFD, ADE, and ASG, as distinguished from other neurons based on their proximity to known dye-filled neurons.

• Primary Identifier: Expr13724
• Pattern: Using a fosmid-based reporter transgene, the previously reported expression of unc-6 in the AVG neuron up to early larval stages was corroborated. However, the expression in the AVG neurons of hermaphrodites begins to fade during the L3 stage, before sexual maturation, and is undetectable by the young adult stage. In contrast, expression is maintained in males during sexual maturation in the L4 stage into the young adult stage. Non-dimorphic unc-6 expression is observed in other neuron classes, some of which maintain unc-6 expression into adulthood (e.g., RIF neurons), whereas others do not (e.g., AVA neurons). Consistent with the expression pattern of the fosmid reporter, we observed robust unc-6 mRNA signals (single molecule FISH) in both sexes of first larval stage animals and strongly sexually dimorphic levels during sexual maturation in the L4 stage.

• Primary Identifier: Expr16067
• Pattern: We have found that C. elegans males have 4-fold increased basal levels of TRX-1 expression in ASJ neurons as compared with their hermaphrodite siblings.

• Primary Identifier: Expr14658
• Pattern: srd-1 displays a sexually dimorphic expression profile in C. elegans, being highly expressed in ASI, ADF, and AWA neurons in males and only expressed in ASI neurons in hermaphrodites

• Primary Identifier: Expr13722
• Pattern: Using a fosmid-based reporter transgene, the previously reported expression of unc-6 in the AVG neuron up to early larval stages was corroborated. However, the expression in the AVG neurons of hermaphrodites begins to fade during the L3 stage, before sexual maturation, and is undetectable by the young adult stage. In contrast, expression is maintained in males during sexual maturation in the L4 stage into the young adult stage. Non-dimorphic unc-6 expression is observed in other neuron classes, some of which maintain unc-6 expression into adulthood (e.g., RIF neurons), whereas others do not (e.g., AVA neurons). Consistent with the expression pattern of the fosmid reporter, we observed robust unc-6 mRNA signals (single molecule FISH) in both sexes of first larval stage animals and strongly sexually dimorphic levels during sexual maturation in the L4 stage.

• Primary Identifier: Expr16377
• Pattern: Expression of nmr-1 in AVG is higher in males compared to hermaphrodites.

• Primary Identifier: Expr15687
• Pattern: We detected no expression of GFP::TRA-1 in AWA in L3 males, although it was clearly apparent in AWA in L3 hermaphrodites

• Primary Identifier: Expr12096
• Pattern: fsEx295 hermaphrodites showed strong, AWA-specific expression, whereas expression in males was very weak. With both reporters -kyIs53 and fsEx295- GFP expression remained AWA specific in unusual males in which it was detectable.

• Primary Identifier: Expr15834

• Primary Identifier: Expr13882
• Pattern: Single-molecule fluorescent in situ hybridization (smFISH) of endogenous tph-1 mRNA revealed sexually dimorphic expression in ADF neurons.

0 Life Stages

1 Parents

Definition	Name	Synonym	Primary Identifier
Anatomical structure that is an individual member of a species and consists of more than one cell.	organism		WBbt:0007833