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Picture: Figure 1B and 1C. |
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Expr4978
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In males, CaMKII is broadly expressed in excitable cells, including the spicule protractor and retractor muscles, SPC, and postcloacal sensilla neurons. |
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Expr2733
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UNC-45 function. In this transgenic line, GFP expression is detected in all muscle cells examined, including body wall muscle cells, pharyngeal muscle cells, anal-intestinal muscle cells, gonad sheath muscle cells, and sex-specific muscle cells in both males and hermaphrodites. This supports a general role of UNC-45 in development and function of all muscles. |
The GFP expression pattern resembles the pattern of A-bands of thick filaments. To confirm this, the same field was examined under polarized light microscopy and an identical pattern was seen. This indicates that functional UNC-45::GFP is associated with thick filaments in body wall muscles. |
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Expr1222
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In adult animals, GFP signal was found in all body wall muscle cells, in the three pharyngeal cells pm5 and in the anal sphincter muscle. A weak expression was observed in four of the eight vulval muscle cells (vm1) whereas in males, GFP was expressed in diagonal and spicule muscles. GFP was expressed also in three pairs of cephalic sensory neurons located in anterior (two pairs) and dorsal (one pair) head ganglia, respectively. These neurons possessed endings in the labial region and were identified as the outer lateral labial cells (OLL) and the four sensory cephalic neurons CEP (the ventral CEP pair is ventral and anterior to the nerve ring, the dorsal CEP pair is posterior to the nerve ring). During development, GFP was detected in embryos at the 1-1/2-fold stage, in one muscle quadrant. For larval stages, an expression pattern similar to that in adults was observed, but in early L1, a strong signal was detected in the mesodermal M cell in the mid-part of the body. |
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Expr3014
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Expressed in ASE, ASG, ASK, BAG, DD, I5, M3, M5. Faint or variable expression observed in an extra pair of cells in the head. Male specific expression in VSP. |
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This information was extracted from published material (Archana Sharma-Oates, Andrew Mounsey and Ian A. Hope). |
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Expr668
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Postembryonic expression is observed in the rectum epithelium. A major site of EGL-5 expression is in the rectal epithelium. At hatching, the rectal expression is in K, F, B, U and Y. In addition expression is seen in (Y differentiates into) PDA motor neuron, (K divides to rise to) part of dorsal rectal epithelium and a cell that becomes DVB motor neuron. In males male-specific neurons show expression. In males Ab staining is observed in B.a and B.p as well as Y.p and Y.p in L1 and early L2. It appears that most/all B, Y, U, F, K descendants express EGL-5. Ventral neuroblast P12, staining is first seen in P12.a and P12.p in 12-h worms. Staining is maintained in P12 descendants in 15-h until adulthood. Both sexes' mechanosensory neurons, expression is seen in PLM neurons throughout larval development. In addition two cells express EGL-5, one in anterior region of each lumbar ganglion, likely to be PVC interneurons. Both sexes' muscles cells, expression is detected in 4-6 left/right pairs of posterior body-wall muscle cells in L1 larvae at earliest examined time 10-12 h. At L2 staining is detected in 12 left/right pairs of nuclei. Staining is strongest in the most posterior nuclei and tapers of towards the anterior. Staining in posterior body wall muscle cells remains throughout larval development and into adulthood in both sexes. In L3 males, sex-specific muscle lineages and sex-specific muscles stain strongly. These muscles include the diagonal muscles, muscles of spicule, gubernaculum and other sex muscles. Staining in these muscles persist until adulthood. HSN neurons, expression from L1 onwards through to adulthood. Male gonad, first detected in the male gonad in late L1 in a group of 6 cells at the anterior end. It appears that expression is clustered in a region that consists of both somatic cells and germ cells. Later at the beginning of the late mitotic period, staining nuclei lose their clustered arrangement. By 34 h, staining is seen in several dividing cells that form the primordium of the seminal vesicles as well as in two large nuclei in the valve region. In the nuclei of diving cells staining surrounds a condensed chromatin. This pattern persists until the end of the late mitotic period (35-37 h posthatching) when staining is also detected in sperm cells. No staining was observed in cells of the vas deferens. Lateral hypodermis, expression is seen in male seam from mid-L2. Staining first appears in V6.ppp at 20-22 h postembryonic development. Staining persists in V6.pppa and V6.pppp but at a lower level. Intensity of staining increases in R5 and R6 and to lesser degree in R4. Identification of staining cells in ray sublineages was not possible due to intense fluorescence of B-lineage cells lying in the same region. However it was possible to observe expression of a reporter gene in R4, R5, and R6 and also in cells of the R5 and R6 sublineages. |
Expressed in the nuclei. |
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Expr11372
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ADL (100%), ADF (100%), ASH (92%), RIC (88%), I2 (59%), PVR (35%), PVQ (72%), PVW (72%), HOB (25%), ray neurons (50%), protractor muscles (31%), intestine (100%), head muscle (6%). Percentages correspond to the fraction of animals examined that expressed GFP in the indicated neurons. Above 50% marked as certain, below as uncertain. |
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Expr3815
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From this construct, unc-103 also expresses in the pharyngeal neurons (I2 and NSM), head neurons [IL1, IL2, OLL, URAD, ASH, AVD, AUA, and SIAV and OLQ, RIV, URYV, AIN, and AIA, PCA in the post-cloacal sensilla, and one of two ray neurons in rays 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, and 9. An unc-103::YFP translational fusion expressed from the 8.7 kb upstream region was also injected and it was observed that the anal depressor, spicule protractor, retractor, and other male sex muscles also expressed UNC-103; in the hermaphrodite, the vulva muscles also express the transgene. |
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Expr1885
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In animals transgenic for the smp-1::lacZ reporter constructs, beta-galactosidase is first detected in epidermal cells at the beginning of morphogenesis 200 minutes after fertilization. GFP fluorescence from smp-1::gfp expression is initially observed at approximately the 50 cell stage in the E lineage. Later, in larvae and adults, GFP can be seen in all body wall, vulval, uterine and enteric muscles, as well as male-specific muscles of the tail and copulatory system. In adults, smp-1::gfp is expressed in the tail tip (hyp 10), in ray 6 and in the spicules of the adult male. Approximately 10 sensory neuron support cells in the head with dendrites extending to the tip of the head, also express the smp-1 GFP and beta-galactosidase transcriptional reporters. GFP fluorescence is observed in several individual cells, including an interneuron (tentatively identified as AVL), the excretory channel, the distal tip cells (DTCs) throughout their migration, somatic cells of the gonad, and epidermal cells hyp 4 (and possibly hyp 3) and hyp 10. In the adult, expression was observed in the fused seam cell syncytium comprising the lateral epidermis. Although ray 6 expresses in the adult male tail, it is difficult to determine whether the ray 6 precursors or any other ray or SET precursors or progeny express smp-1::gfp during the L3 and L4 stages of development when the male tail is forming. This is because GFP fluorescence in the male sex-specific muscles is so bright at this stage as to obscure what may be faint expression of other cells in the male tail. |
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Expr2200
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In males, MAB-23::GFP is observed in several sex-specific cell types during larval development and in the adult, including the A-type ray sensory neurons, ventral male-specific muscles, and unidentified neurons of the male posterior ventral nerve cord. MAB-23::GFP is also detected in a limited number of non-sex-specific tissues in the adult male, including 6-8 unidentified neurons of the head, ventral body wall muscle, and the PHCL/R neurons. It is transiently expressed during larval development in the hindgut and in the tail spike. Many of these MAB-23::GFP-positive tissues have identifiable defects in mab-23 males (ray neurons, tail hypodermis, sex muscles, and hindgut). In adult hermaphrodites, the same set of non-sex-specific tissues are MAB-23::GFP positive as in the male. In addition, MAB-23::GFP is expressed in several hermaphrodite-specific tissues that contribute to the egg-laying apparatus, namely the ventral uterus and spermatheca of the oviduct and the Hermaphrodite Specific Neurons(HSN). |
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Expr12671
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In males, PLC-3 was previously reported to be expressed in the seminal vesicle valve cell and the vas deferens. A larger upstream promoter region - 4.4 kb plc-3 promoter construct- also expressed in the ALA neuron, the male retractor muscles, and the ventral protractor muscles. |
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Picture: Figs. 1A and B. |
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Expr8357
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unc-55 expression was observed in the spicule protractor and retractor muscles and in the male-specific neuron CP9. Punc-55::gfp adult males were fixed and stained with phalloidin-tagged rhodamine and partial colocalization between the muscle stain and the Punc-55::gfp was observed. |
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Picture: Fig. 3A,B. |
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Expr8295
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UNC-38(nAChR) expresses in body wall and sex muscles (male), including the protractor muscles, but not in any of the neurons that are associated with spicule function. |
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Picture: Fig. 3C,D. |
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Expr8296
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Expressed in the SPC motor neurons, PCB and PCA postcloacal sensilla (p.c.s.) neurons, male spicule protractor muscles and anal depressor muscle, VD and DD ventral cord neurons, some tail and nerve ring neurons, and body wall muscles. In hermaphrodites, YFP expression is in the same set of cells, except those specific to males. |
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Picture: Figure 9. |
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Expr8160
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The reporter was widely expressed and the expression level was dynamic, varying among tissues and developmental stages. The expression of fli-1::gfp was first detected during embryogenesis before the apparent morphogenesis occurred. In the comma-stage embryo, expression of fli-1::gfp was detected in muscle cells. The expression of fli-1::gfp was not observed before the 32-cell-stage embryos (n > 40 embryos examined). At post-embryonic stages, expression of fli-1::gfp was detected in many tissues, including the pharyngeal muscle, rectum muscle, vulva muscle, proctodeum muscle in males, and somatic gonad tissues (including spermatheca and distal tip cell). |
The GFP was localized mainly in the cytoplasm. The fli-1 expression in the spermatheca was unevenly distributed with strong expression in the distal and proximal part of spermatheca. fli-1 was also expressed within neuronal migratory structures such as axons. In the body-wall muscle, fli-1::gfp was localized in a distinct striated pattern, with accumulation of FLI-1::GFP at dense bodies, which is similar to the Z-disc in the muscle cells in other organisms. The expression pattern of fli-1 in body-wall muscle cells is reminiscent of the distribution of the actin filaments. Authors stained F-actin in body-wall muscle cells with rhodamine-labeled phalloidin and found that it colocalized with FLI-1::GFP. |
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This information was extracted from published material (Archana Sharma-Oates, Andrew Mounsey and Ian A. Hope). |
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Expr722
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Staining is observed in along the entire length of the pharyngeal masculature, vulval muscle cells and neighbouring body wall muscle cells, anal depressor, anal sphincter and intestinal muscles and in the contractile sheath in proximal region of the somatic gonad. In addition, staining is observed in the adult male sex muscles along the lateral and ventral surfaces. |
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This information was extracted from published material (Archana Sharma-Oates, Andrew Mounsey and Ian A. Hope). |
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Expr723
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PTMIZ2328: this fusion gene was specifically expressed in the body wall muscles, the anal muscles, the vulva muscles and the male sex muscles except the pharyngeal muscles. pTMIIIZ3256: this fusion gene expressed only in the pharyngeal muscles. |
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Expr10821
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unc-63::YFP was expressed in the body wall muscles, the sexually dimorphic anal depressor muscle and sphincter muscle, and every male-specific sex muscle, including the spicule protractor and retractor muscles, the diagonal muscles, the gubernacular muscles, and the oblique muscles. It was also expressed in the SPC neurons. |
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Expr10822
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unc-38::YFP was expressed in the body wall muscles, the sexually dimorphic anal depressor muscle and sphincter muscle, and every male-specific sex muscle, including the spicule protractor and retractor muscles, the diagonal muscles, the gubernacular muscles, and the oblique muscles. It was also expressed in the SPC neurons. |
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Reporter gene fusion type not specified. |
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Expr1204
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Transgenic animals expressed this reporter specifically in muscle. Strong expression was observed in muscle cells in embryos. Adult expression was seen in striated body-wall muscle along the length of the animal, especially in the head. Strong expression was also seen in the vulval muscles. Additional expression was observed in intestinal muscle, anal sphincter muscle and the sex-specific muscles of the male tail. No expression was observed in pharyngeal muscle. |
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This information was extracted from published material (Archana Sharma-Oates, Andrew Mounsey and Ian A. Hope). |
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Expr702
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Antibody staining is detected in the anal depressor, anal sphincter and intestinal muscles and in the contractile sheath in proximal region of the somatic gonad. Staining is also observed in the vulval muscle cells and neighbouring body wall muscle cells. In addition, staining is observed in the adult male sex muscles along the lateral and ventral surfaces. |
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Expr1489
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Expression patterns of a translational lacZ fusion including most of the gene (PGSAL) was similar to those of the promoter fusion (LF-1). In adult and larval hermaphrodites, many neurons and muscle cells show expression of the reporter. These include neurons in the nerve ring, the ventral nerve cord, and the tail ganglia. Muscles expressing reporters include body wall muscles, the specialized muscles of the pharynx, and the vulva. In the male, male-specific neurons and muscle cells in the tail show the expression. Many epithelial cells in the pharynx and some vulva cells also express the reporter. No expression was observed in hypodermal cells or intestinal cells. Transgenes show similar expression pattern throughout larval development and in adult. The reporter is expressed in embryos at the comma stage and later stages. |
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Expr1917
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In situ: Since multicopy transgene expression is silent in the C. elegans germline, Cecsb gene expression in the gonad was detected by in situ mRNA hybridization instead of GFP expression. The antisense cDNA probe of Cecsb stained the whole region of the gonad including oocytes, while the sense probe did not produce any signal. Reporter_gene Assay: GFP first appeared during the 50^100 cell stage and was detected throughout the embryonic development. GFP expression was also observed in all of the somatic cells up to the L3 larval stage. However, GFP expression was relatively stronger in pi and P lineage vulval cells at the L3 larval stage, where active cell division and dierentiation take place. At the L4 larval stage, GFP was relatively stronger in amphid and tail neurons, and vulva and somatic gonad cells than in other body regions. In adult hermaphrodites, the overall GFP expression weakened, but strong expression was still observed in intestine, head, and tail regions. In L4 and adult males, the tail region, including the spicule, protractor, and PC sensilla, showed intense fluorescence. |
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Lineage expression: Rn descandents. |
[plx-1::gfp] transcriptional and translational fusion constructs. A plx-1 transcriptional gfp reporter was constructed by cloning the 2621 bp sequence immediately 5' to the initiation codon into the multiple cloning site of pPD95_77 to generate plasmid pPD95_77cplx. A plx-1(+) rescuing construct was assembled from multiple PCR fragments encompassing the entire coding sequence of Ce-PLX-1. The 3' portion of the construct comes from the cDNA yk535f1 and contains 739 bp of the 3'UTR. This plx-1(+) cDNA minigene was cloned downstream of the promoter sequence of the pPD95_77cplx transcriptional reporter to obtain the plasmid pZH127. The gfp coding sequence is out of frame in pZH127. The construct contains the full-length plx-1(+) minigene with 2621 bp of sequence immediately 5' to the initiation codon and 739 bp of the 3'UTR sequence. The GFP-encoding portion of pZH127 was put in frame with the PLX-1(+) sequence by fusing it after the PmlI site located four amino acids before the stop codon. For this, a SphI-KpnI fragment was deleted from pZH127, cut with PmlI and re-ligated in combination with a linker sequence into the SphI-KpnI cut pZH127 to obtain the new plx-1 translational reporter plasmid pZH157. |
Expr2917
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Expression of both reporters is observed in all body wall muscles, male sex specific muscles and in the lateral epidermis during post-embryonic development. At the third larval stage, male tail hypodermal expression begins in all dividing Rn.a and Rn.p cells although predominantly in R1.a and R1.p. The strongest expression of the transcriptional reporters is observed in the ray 1 cells. Expression of the transcriptional reporters in other rays is weak and eventually disappears. A similar effect is observed for the translational reporter, which expresses first and most highly on the ray 1 and ray 2 cells. Although the translational reporter is found on all rays at later stages of male tail development, this expression is weak relative to the earlier expression in precursors to rays 1 and 2. |
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Expr12670
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egl-8 is expressed in the vas deferens, spicule protractor muscles, diagonal muscles and a male-specific neuron that is probably CP8 or CP9 and is also widely expressed in the nervous system, as expected from previous work (Lackner et al., 1999; Miller et al., 1999). |
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Expr15030
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In addition to male sex muscles, EGL-2::YFP is also expressed on the cell bodies, neural processes, and sensory endings of the male ray, post-cloacal, and spicule sensory neurons. the protractor muscles' EGL-2::YFP levels also increased between 24 and 48 h in wild-type males. |
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Expr10819
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Pacr-16:YFP was observed to be expressed in the body wall muscles, the sexually dimorphic anal depressor muscle, and some male-specific muscles, such as the spicule protractor muscles, the gubernacular erector and retractor muscles and the anterior oblique muscles. However, it was not seen in any neuron in the spicule protraction circuit. |
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Expr10820
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unc-29 was expressed in the body wall muscles, the sexually dimorphic anal depressor muscle, and some male-specific muscles, such as the spicule protractor muscles, the gubernacular erector and retractor muscles and the anterior oblique muscles. In addition, expression was observed in some ventral cord neurons and some head neurons. This non-a L-AChR subunit was not expressed on any spicule neuron. |
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No detailed description on expression pattern in other life stages. |
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Expr2839
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T20B3.2 transcripts were detected in the body-wall musculature, but expression in hermaphrodites appeared limited to the anteriormost body-wall muscle cells. Expression in the body-wall muscle of males was less restricted, typically including posterior body-wall muscle cells, in addition to those at the head. T20B3.2 transcripts were found also in the vulval muscles of hermaphrodites and the sex muscles of males. |
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The tissue-specific expression of unc-68 protein suggested by antibody staining was confirmed by a gfp-fusion construct. The results of unc-68::gfp expression and immunostaining experiments strongly suggest that CeRyR is present only in muscles. See Expr2281 for GFP result. |
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Expr2280
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The R16 antibody stained muscle cells of wild-type from the comma stage to the 3-fold stage, but not those of x14 animals. The R16 antibody staining appeared at the later comma stage and became strong at the 1.5-fold stage, when the muscle starts twitching, and continued to the adult stage. Although background staining from the early embryo to pre-comma stages was also observed in the cytoplasm of whole cells, this staining was not different between wild-type and x14 animals. The R16 antibody stained the body wall, pharyngeal, vulval and the anal muscles of adult hermaphrodites and male tail muscles in wild-type, but not in unc-68(x14) animals. The identity of these muscle tissues was confirmed by double-staining with rhodaminephalloidin. Among the anal muscles, the R16 antibody stained the depressor muscle but did not stain the sphincter muscle. The R16 antibody also stained pharyngeal muscles, especially those in the terminal bulb and isthmus. The staining pattern in body wall muscle was observed to be of a series of small dots. Because the antiserum stained in the intestines of both wild-type and unc-68(x14) animals, the intestinal staining is likely to represent the cross-reaction of the R16 antibody with unknown proteins. |
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Expr3702
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Expression in male-specific structures is directed by all three promoters. Promoter pA directs expression in the spicule protractor muscles of the proctodeum and in a single male-specific neuron that is likely to be CP8 or CP9. Promoter pB directs expression in the spicule retractor muscles, gubernaculum retractor muscles, posterior oblique muscles, diagonal muscles, and the vas deferens. Promoter pC also directs expression in the vas deferens, as well as the seminal vesicle and the valve that separates the seminal vesicle and vas deferens. Thus itr-1 is expressed widely in the sex-associated muscles and somatic gonad of males. |
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