WormMine: AnatomyTerm WBbt:0007850

• Definition: Gonochoristic organism that can produce male gametes.
• Name: male
• Primary Identifier: WBbt:0007850
• Synonym: male organism

1 Children

Definition	Name	Synonym	Primary Identifier
cells or anatomical parts specific to the male sex	male-specific anatomical entity		WBbt:0005757

2 Expression Clusters

Regulated By Treatment	Description	Algorithm	Primary Identifier
	Transcripts enriched in male him-5(e1490 animals, comparing to in N2 hermaphrodite animals from L3 larva to young adult stages.	DESeq FDR < 0.01.	WBPaper00050231:male_enriched
	Proteins that were enriched in male animals.	Criteria used for protein identification included: two or more peptide matches, MASCOT score > 60, and P < 0.05.	WBPaper00041323:male-associated

229 Expression Patterns

• Primary Identifier: Expr14336
• Pattern: As previously reported (Suo et al., 2006; Yoshida et al., 2014), ser-3 and ser-6 were expressed in a number of neurons including the SIA neurons in hermaphrodites. octr-1 was also expressed in the SIA neurons of hermaphrodites. Furthermore, expression of ser-3, ser-6, and octr-1 in the SIA neurons was similarly observed in males.

• Primary Identifier: Expr15024
• Pattern: Consistent with the previous report on the hermaphrodites' expression, we confirmed here that for both sexes, all three of pck-1-expressing reporters express in head and body wall muscles. However, we found that the reporters also express in ventral cord and preanal neurons and nerve ring neurons per side in the head. In the tail region, both larval males and larval/adult hermaphrodites express the transgenes in the dorsal rectal ganglion and three neurons per side in the tail. The adult male shows additional expression in sex-specific neurons of the ray, postcloacal, and spicule sensilla. None of the constructs promote expression in male or hermaphrodite sex muscles, intestine, or pharyngeal muscles.

• Primary Identifier: Expr15066

• Primary Identifier: Expr15385

• Primary Identifier: Expr15027
• Pattern: PCK-2::YFP accumulated in the intestine, epidermis, body wall muscle, pharyngeal muscles, and sex muscles of both sexes; no neural expression was detectable. Expression of PCK-2 in the intestine and pharyngeal muscle is consistent with the earlier report that these tissues contain PEPCK activity (Yuan et al., 2016); however, in these tissues, the expression pattern suggests that the enzyme is likely expressed from pck-2, instead of the pck-1.

• Primary Identifier: Expr16410

• Primary Identifier: Expr15345
• Remark: 4.2 k

• Primary Identifier: Expr15346
• Remark: 4.2-1k

• Primary Identifier: Expr1307
• Pattern: many neurons, muscle cells, many neurons in the male tail

• Primary Identifier: Expr598
• Remark: This information was extracted from published material (Archana Sharma-Oates, Andrew Mounsey and Ian A. Hope).
• Pattern: Male and hermaphrodite. Staining detected at all stages (embryo, L1-L4 and adults). Strong expression detected in the head and near the pharynx where numerous muscle and neuronal cells are present. Tail expression prominent near the anal sphincter. Many cells from ventral nerve cord and nerve ring stained prominently. Occasionally beta-gal was visible in hypodermal cells and in some vulval cells of adults. Young larvae displayed strong staining in head and tail region. In late stage embryos expression often seen in pairs of closely associated cells, or sometimes in a greater number of cells.

• Primary Identifier: Expr10766
• Pattern: SHN-1::GFP expressed from embryo to adult. SHN- 1::GFP is expressed in neurons including nerve cords, pharynx, pharyngeal-intestinal valve, intestine, vulva, rectal epithelial cells, tail ganglia and male tail. SHN-1 protein is expressed from the embryonic stage to adulthood and tissue localization overlapped with SHN-1::GFP expression patterns in the pharynx, pharyngeal-intestinal valve, intestine, nerve cords, and tail region in addition to sperm.
• Subcellular Localization: Immunogold electron microscopy in wild-type hermaphrodites and males showed signals in the vesicle-like structures of intestinal and pharyngeal cells, and in the tail region, and most clearly seen in the male germline in developing sperm and in the presumptive pseudopodia, structures for motility of mature sperm.

• Primary Identifier: Expr15502
• Pattern: rab-28 is expressed in the IL2 neurons present in both males and hermaphrodites, as well as all 21 male-specific extracellular vesicle releasing neurons (EVNs).

• Primary Identifier: Expr14114
• Remark: Other strain: OH14231
• Pattern: pharynx, several dim neurons (sensory and not-sensory), ASI (a bit more prominent), sometimes dim VNC, PVT, 3 male specific cells in the posterior VNC, male rays

• Primary Identifier: Expr16401

• Primary Identifier: Expr16402

• Primary Identifier: Expr16406

• Primary Identifier: Expr16418

• Primary Identifier: Expr14335
• Pattern: As previously reported (Suo et al., 2006; Yoshida et al., 2014), ser-3 and ser-6 were expressed in a number of neurons including the SIA neurons in hermaphrodites. octr-1 was also expressed in the SIA neurons of hermaphrodites. Furthermore, expression of ser-3, ser-6, and octr-1 in the SIA neurons was similarly observed in males.

• Primary Identifier: Expr11863
• Pattern: UBC-9 expression was detected in early embryos in utero. The fluorescence continued to be present in the pharynx and body-wall muscles during larval stages and became prominent in coelomocytes and the male tail in young adults. The fluorescence progressively intensified until death in hermaphrodites, although the expression pattern did not change.

• Primary Identifier: Expr1200093
• Pattern: Data from the TransgeneOme project

• Primary Identifier: Expr12030
• Pattern: Both YFP::LNKN-1 and LNKN-1::YFP are similarly localized to the plasma membrane of many cells. LNKN-1 begins to be expressed in all somatic gonadal cells of the male, including the LC, the vas deferens precursor cells, and seminal vesicle precursor cells, starting in the early L3 stage and continuing through adulthood. It is also expressed in all somatic gonadal cells of the hermaphrodite, including the distal tip cells, anchor cell, uterine precursor cells, and spermatheca precursor cells. Other expression occurs in pharynx, pharyngeal-intestinal valve, intestine, excretory cell and canal, seam cells, a specialized subset of hypodermal cells, the vulval precursor cells of the hermaphrodite, and hook precursor cells in the male. YFP-tagged LNKN-1 is localized to the plasma membrane, exhibiting stronger localization to the sides of cell-cell contact in tissues such as the intestine, seam, and gonad.

• Primary Identifier: Expr12103
• Pattern: Eggs already showed the corresponding GFP fluorescence, with more and more tissues following during development (L1 larval stage: pharynx, excretory cell, some sensory neurons; L2-L4 larval stages: intestine, rectal sensory neurons; adult worms: longitudinal muscles, gonads). The rare males showed GFP expression in their spermathecae. Within the anterior part of the nervous system, GFP expression was detected in the pharyngeal nerve ring and in some sensory neurons. Within its posterior part, lumbar ganglia and the dorso-rectal ganglion showed GFP expression.

• Primary Identifier: Expr16415

• Primary Identifier: Expr594
• Remark: See Expr593, and Expr595 for expression patterns for the same locus. This information was extracted from published material (Archana Sharma-Oates, Andrew Mounsey and Ian A. Hope).
• Pattern: ADM-1 localized to sperm in the gonads of adult males and inside spermathecae of hermaphrodite. Embryos from 2 cells - beginning of morphogenesis shows punctate staining between cells. Embryos from comma - 2-fold stages of elongation show staining localized between ventral hypodermal cells and in the head. Embryos from 2-fold to 3-fold show strong staining in luminal domains of the pharynx and buccal cavity. After hatching in different larval stages, there are punctate hypodermal staining, bp2 of ADM-1 staining in the head, two large cells stain close to sheath cells associated with chemosensory organs. Two smaller cells in tail correspond to the sheath cells of the phasmids. Staining in the area where sheath cells surround the sensory dendrites and in processes of the sheath cells. The monoclonal antibody stains in the sperm between embryonic cells in the pharyngeal apical domain in sheath cells surrounding sensory neurons, in vulva and in hypodermis. Expression is maintained from sperm throughout all of the embryonic and larval stages and in adults.
• Subcellular Localization: Staining was punctate in structures inside and surrounding the sperm but excluding their nuclei.

• Primary Identifier: Expr13197
• Pattern: Expression of Pcdc-25.2::gfp was observed in seam cells during the male larval developmental stages. Furthermore, the Pcdc-25.2::gfp signals were broadly expressed throughout development in multiple male somatic tissues, including pharynx, ventral nerve cord, body muscles, diagonal muscles, nervous system, and hypodermis.

• Primary Identifier: Expr14443
• Pattern: A Plep-5::GFP reporter was expressed in larvae of both sexes in several cell types including the tail tip, pharynx, nervous system, vulva, and seam cells. Notably, expression of the reporter was temporally controlled: GFP was first weakly detectable in early L2, became stronger in late L2, and persisted until late L3. Expression was weak in L4 animals and nearly undetectable in adults.

• Primary Identifier: Expr16270
• Pattern: gskl-1 and gskl-2 are expressed in the male germline.

• Primary Identifier: Expr16274
• Pattern: Consistent with the western blot experiments, immunostaining of endogenous GSKL-1-FLAG and GSKL-2-Ollas worms revealed strong fluorescence at multiple stages of spermatogenesis. In males, immunofluorescence was brightest in the proximal gonad, which is where spermatogenesis occurs. Immunofluorescence was also observed in the cytoplasm of primary and secondary spermatocytes, in a punctate pattern for both tagged proteins, but was not detected in similar immunostaining experiments using wild-type untagged control worms.

• Primary Identifier: Expr16275
• Pattern: Consistent with the western blot experiments, immunostaining of endogenous GSKL-1-FLAG and GSKL-2-Ollas worms revealed strong fluorescence at multiple stages of spermatogenesis. In males, immunofluorescence was brightest in the proximal gonad, which is where spermatogenesis occurs. Immunofluorescence was also observed in the cytoplasm of primary and secondary spermatocytes, in a punctate pattern for both tagged proteins, but was not detected in similar immunostaining experiments using wild-type untagged control worms.

• Primary Identifier: Expr15797
• Pattern: PLP-1 localizes to P granules throughout the germ line andto similar perinuclear granules in some somatic cells. PLP-1 was present throughout the germ line, with prominent concentration on granules arranged in what appeared as perinuclear circles. Distribution of PLP-1 in the core cytoplasm was more readily noticeable in unfixed, live germ lines expressing the plp-1::gfp transgene. Similar distribution patterns were observed in both hermaphrodite and male germ lines. In worms expressing the plp-1::gfp transgene, we noticed GFP fluorescence in several cells surrounding the pharyngeal bulbs and in cells in the tail region. Even in these somatic cells, PLP-1::GFP was concentrated on perinuclear granules, in addition to being present in the cytoplasm.

0 Life Stages

1 Parents

Definition	Name	Synonym	Primary Identifier
Anatomical structure that is an individual member of a species and consists of more than one cell.	organism		WBbt:0007833