WormMine: Gene WBGene00001518

• WormBase Gene ID: WBGene00001518
• Gene Name: gar-2
• Sequence Name: F47D12.1
• Brief Description: gar-2 encodes a novel, seven transmembrane-domain G protein-coupled acetylcholine receptor (AChR); when expressed in Xenopus oocytes treated with acetylcholine, GAR-2 is able to activate a mammalian G protein-activated inwardly rectifying K+ (GIRK1) channel, but not other channels, suggesting that GAR-2 couples to G proteins of the Gi family; pharmacological analyses indicate, however, that GAR-2 exhibits properties distinct from mammalian muscarinic AChRs; gar-2 is expressed from mid-embryogenesis through adulthood with expression seen in ciliated head neurons, ventral cord neurons, and the HSN (hermaphrodite-specific neuron).
• Organism: Caenorhabditis elegans
• Automated Description: Enables G protein-coupled acetylcholine receptor activity. Involved in G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway; negative regulation of cholinergic synaptic transmission; and response to xenobiotic stimulus. Located in axon. Expressed in neurons.
• Biotype: SO:0001217
• Genetic Position: III :-1.39824 ±0.002289
• Length (nt): 11508

1 Organism

• Name: Caenorhabditis elegans
• Taxon Id: 6239

1 Synonyms

• Value: WBGene00001518

Genomics

5 Transcripts

WormMine ID	Sequence Name	Length (nt)	Chromosome Location
Transcript:F47D12.1b.1	F47D12.1b.1	2170	III: 6309366-6320873
Transcript:F47D12.1c.1	F47D12.1c.1	2307	III: 6309376-6320870
Transcript:F47D12.1a.1	F47D12.1a.1	2180	III: 6309378-6320856
Transcript:F47D12.1d.1	F47D12.1d.1	738	III: 6309421-6315423
Transcript:F47D12.1e.1	F47D12.1e.1	1643	III: 6317446-6320869

Other

5 CDSs

WormMine ID	Sequence Name	Length (nt)	Chromosome Location
CDS:F47D12.1a	F47D12.1a	1884	III: 6309421-6309576
CDS:F47D12.1b	F47D12.1b	1845	III: 6309421-6309576
CDS:F47D12.1e	F47D12.1e	1005	III: 6317818-6317882
CDS:F47D12.1c	F47D12.1c	1995	III: 6309421-6309576
CDS:F47D12.1d	F47D12.1d	738	III: 6309421-6309576

11 RNAi Result

• WBRNAi00001530
• WBRNAi00047644
• WBRNAi00047645
• WBRNAi00072210
• WBRNAi00015184
• WBRNAi00015185
• WBRNAi00005619
• WBRNAi00005913
• WBRNAi00032435
• WBRNAi00077394
• WBRNAi00103366

131 Allele

• gk964518
• gk176339
• gk176340
• gk176341
• gk176342
• gk176343
• gk176344
• gk176345
• gk176346
• gk176347
• gk176348
• gk176349
• gk176350
• gk176351
• gk176352
• gk176353
• gk176354
• gk176355
• gk176356
• gk176357
• gk176358
• h15161
• gk881855
• WBVar01607079
• WBVar01264313
• WBVar01264312
• WBVar01264315
• WBVar01264314
• WBVar01264316
• WBVar01264319

1 Chromosome

• WormBase ID: III
• Organism: Caenorhabditis elegans
• Length (nt): 13783801

1 Chromosome Location

• Feature . Primary Identifier: WBGene00001518
• Start: 6309366
• End: 6320873
• Strand: 1

4 Data Sets

• WormBaseAcedbConverter
• GO Annotation data set
• C. elegans genomic annotations (GFF3 Gene)
• Panther orthologue and paralogue predictions

1 Downstream Intergenic Region

• WormBase ID: intergenic_region_chrIII_6320874..6321175
• Length (nt): 302
• Chromosome Location: III: 6320874-6321175
• Organism: Caenorhabditis elegans

185 Expression Clusters

Regulated By Treatment	Description	Algorithm	Primary Identifier
	Transcripts that showed significantly increased expression in L1 neural cells comparing to in adult neural cells.	DESeq2 (v1.18.1) fold change > 2, P-adj<0.05, using BenjaminiHochberg correction.	WBPaper00060811:L1_vs_adult_upregulated_neural
	Transcripts of coding genes that showed significantly decreased expression in muscle.	DESeq2 (version 1.24.0). Transcripts with a false-discovery rate adjusted p-value less than 0.05 were considered significantly differentially expressed.	WBPaper00062325:muscle_depleted_coding-RNA
	Transcripts expressed in neuronal cells, by analyzingfluorescence-activated cell sorted (FACS) neurons.	DESeq. False discovry rate (FDR) < 0.1.	WBPaper00048988:neuron_expressed
adult vs dauer larva	Transcripts that showed differential expression in adult vs dauer lava in N2 animals at 20C.	N.A.	WBPaper00050488:adult_vs_dauer_regulated_N2_20C
Osmotic stress	Transcripts that showed significantly altered expression with 500 mM salt (NaCl) vs 100 mM salt when food was present	DESeq(version 1.10.1), FDR < 0.05.	WBPaper00050726:OsmoticStress_regulated_Food
	Neuronally enriched transcripts according to a comparison of neuronal nuclei IP samples to total nuclei using isolation of nuclei from tagged specific cell types (INTACT) technology.	DESEQ2, fold change > 2 and FDR < 0.01.	WBPaper00062103:neuron_enriched
	Transcripts that showed significantly increased expression glp-1(e2141); TU3401 animals comparing to in TU3401 animals.	Fold change > 2, FDR < 0.01.	WBPaper00065993:glp-1(e2141)_upregulated
Bacteria infection: Enterococcus faecalis	Genes with increased expression after 24 hours of infection by E.faecalis Fold changes shown are pathogen vs OP50.	For RNA-seq and tiling arrays, log2 fold changes between gene expression values of infected versus uninfected nematodes were calculated. For log2 fold changes > 0.00001 the values > 81.25th percentile were defined as up-regulated and for log2 fold changes < -0.00001 the values < 18.75th percentile were defined as down-regulated.	WBPaper00038438:E.faecalis_24hr_upregulated_TilingArray
	Genome-wide analysis of developmental and sex-regulated gene expression profile.	self-organizing map	cgc4489_group_18
	Transcripts that showed significantly decreased expression at 5-days-post L4 adult N2 hermaphrodites comparing to 1-day-post L4 adult N2 hermaphrodites.	DESeq2, fold change > 2, FDR < 0.05	WBPaper00065835:Day5_vs_Day1_downregulated
	Transcripts expressed in GABAergic neuron, according to PAT-Seq analysis using Punc-47-GFP-3XFLAG mRNA tagging.	Cufflinks FPKM value >=1.	WBPaper00050990:GABAergic-neuron_expressed
	Transcripts expressed in intestine, according to PAT-Seq analysis using Pges-1-GFP-3XFLAG mRNA tagging.	Cufflinks FPKM value >=1.	WBPaper00050990:intestine_expressed
	Transcripts expressed in NMDA neuron, according to PAT-Seq analysis using Pnmr-1-GFP-3XFLAG mRNA tagging.	Cufflinks FPKM value >=1.	WBPaper00050990:NMDA-neuron_expressed
	Genes with expression level regulated by genotype (N2 vs CB4856) and age at old adults stage (214 hours at 24 centigrade).	For model 2, authors used 100 permutations to estimate the FDR threshold. Per permutation, genotypes and ages were independently randomly distributed, keeping the among-gene structure intact. Then for each spot (23,232) on the array, model 2 was tested. The obtained P-values were used to estimate a threshold for each of the explanatory factors. Authors also used a genome-wide threshold of -log10 P-value = 2, which resembles an FDR of 0.072 and 0.060 for marker and the interaction age-marker for the developing worms and FDR of 0.050 and 0.065 for marker and age-marker for the aging worms. For the physiological age effect, authors used a log10 P-value = 8 in developing worms (0.012 FDR) and -log10 P-value = 6 (0.032 FDR).	WBPaper00040858:eQTL_age_regulated_aging
	Genes with expression level regulated by genotype (N2 vs CB4856) and age at L3 larva and Late reproduction stage (96 hours at 24 centigrade).	For model 2, authors used 100 permutations to estimate the FDR threshold. Per permutation, genotypes and ages were independently randomly distributed, keeping the among-gene structure intact. Then for each spot (23,232) on the array, model 2 was tested. The obtained P-values were used to estimate a threshold for each of the explanatory factors. Authors also used a genome-wide threshold of -log10 P-value = 2, which resembles an FDR of 0.072 and 0.060 for marker and the interaction age-marker for the developing worms and FDR of 0.050 and 0.065 for marker and age-marker for the aging worms. For the physiological age effect, authors used a log10 P-value = 8 in developing worms (0.012 FDR) and -log10 P-value = 6 (0.032 FDR).	WBPaper00040858:eQTL_age_regulated_developing
	Transcripts that showed significantly increased expression in day 1 adult hermaphrodite comparing to in L4 larva daf-16(mu86);glp-1(e2141) animals.	Fold change > 2, FDR < 0.05	WBPaper00064088:Day-1-adult_vs_L4_upregulated_daf-16(mu86);glp-1(e2141)
	Genes with expression level regulated by genotype (N2 vs CB4856) at old adults stage (214 hours at 24 centigrade).	For model 2, authors used 100 permutations to estimate the FDR threshold. Per permutation, genotypes and ages were independently randomly distributed, keeping the among-gene structure intact. Then for each spot (23,232) on the array, model 2 was tested. The obtained P-values were used to estimate a threshold for each of the explanatory factors. Authors also used a genome-wide threshold of -log10 P-value = 2, which resembles an FDR of 0.072 and 0.060 for marker and the interaction age-marker for the developing worms and FDR of 0.050 and 0.065 for marker and age-marker for the aging worms. For the physiological age effect, authors used a log10 P-value = 8 in developing worms (0.012 FDR) and -log10 P-value = 6 (0.032 FDR).	WBPaper00040858:eQTL_regulated_aging
	Genes with expression level regulated by genotype (N2 vs CB4856) at Late reproduction stage (96 hours at 24 centigrade).	Authors permuted transcript values and used a genome-wide threshold of log10 P-value = 2, which resembles a false discovery rate (FDR) of 0.0118.	WBPaper00040858:eQTL_regulated_reproductive
	Transcripts that showed significantly increased expression after four-day-old young adult worms were placed on NGM plates seeded with OP50 in the presence 5% Agaro-oligosaccharides(AGO) for 24 h, comparing to animals grown in the absence of AGO.	Fold change > 2.	WBPaper00064306:Agaro-oligosaccharides_upregulated
	Transcripts that showed significantly increased expression in sin-3(tm1276) comparing to in N2.	DESeq2, fold change > 2, p-value < 0.01.	WBPaper00061203:sin-3(tm1276)_upregulated
	Transcripts that showed significantly increased expression in aak-1(tm1944);aak-2(ok524) animals comparing to in N2.	DEseq 1.18.0, adjusted p-value < 0.05.	WBPaper00056471:aak-1(tm1944);aak-2(ok524)_upregulated
	Transcripts that showed significantly decreased expression in sin-3(tm1276) comparing to in N2 at early embryo when there were only 3 -5 eggs in the adult.	DESeq2, fold change > 2, adjusted p-value < 0.01	WBPaper00058598:sin-3(tm1276)_downregulated
Reduced humidity (98% relative humidity).	Genes that were down-regulated after one day exposure to reduced humidity (98% relative humidity) according to microarray analysis.	Multiple hypothesis testing with the Benjamini-Hochberg correction was applied on calculated p-values. A change in the expression level was considered to be significant if the adjusted p-value was less than 0.001.	WBPaper00044578:reduced-humidity_downregulated_microarray
	Transcripts that showed significantly increased expression in hpk-1(pk1393) comparing to in N2 at adult day 2.	DESeq 2, fold change > 2, FDR < 0.05.	WBPaper00065581:hpk-1(pk1393)_upregulated
	Transcripts that showed significantly increased expression in hda-1(ne4752[3xFLAG-Degron-HDA-1]) in gonads dissected from 1-day old adult animals.	Salmon was used to map the mRNA-seq reads with the worm database WS268, and its output files were imported to DESeq2 in R. The differentially expressed genes were filtered by fold change more than 2 and adjusted p-value < 0.05. The scatter plots were generated by the plot function in R.	WBPaper00061479:hda-1(ne4752)_upregulated
	Transcripts that showed significantly increased expression in mep-1(ne4629[MEP-1-GFP-Degron]) in gonads dissected from 1-day old adult animals.	Salmon was used to map the mRNA-seq reads with the worm database WS268, and its output files were imported to DESeq2 in R. The differentially expressed genes were filtered by fold change more than 2 and adjusted p-value < 0.05. The scatter plots were generated by the plot function in R.	WBPaper00061479:mep-1(ne4629)_upregulated
	Transcripts that showed significantly increased expression in wdr-23(mac32) embryos from parents fed with E. coliHB101, comparing to N2 embryos parents fed with E. coli HB101.	DESeq2, Fold Change > 2 or < 0.5.	WBPaper00059566:wdr-23(mac32)_upregulated
	Transcripts that showed significantly increased expression in hda-2(ok1479) comparing to in N2 animals.	DESeq2 (version 1.28.1), FDR < 0.01, fold change > 2.	WBPaper00062159:hda-2(ok1479)_upregulated
	Transcripts that showed significantly increased expression in npr-15(tm12539) comparing to in N2 at L4 larva stage.	Fold change > 2, FDR < 0.05.	WBPaper00066608:npr-15(tm12539)_upregulated
	Transcripts that showed significantly increased expression in srbc-48(ac23);kyIs262;fer-1(b232ts) comparing to in kyIs262;fer-1(b232ts), 24h after infection with P.aeruginosa.	DESeq2, FDR <0.05, fold change > 2.	WBPaper00059664:srbc-48(ac23)_upregulated

10 Expression Patterns

• Primary Identifier: Expr1030913
• Pattern: Tiling arrays expression graphs

• Primary Identifier: Expr10067
• Remark: Figure 7
• Pattern: Expressed in AIY.

• Primary Identifier: Expr1151485
• Pattern: Developmental gene expression time-course. Raw data can be downloaded from ftp://caltech.wormbase.org/pub/wormbase/datasets-published/hashimshony2015

• Primary Identifier: Expr8178
• Remark: Picture: Fig. 2Aa.
• Pattern: GAR-2 was expressed in some cholinergic motor neurons as well as GABAergic motor neurons, the two major types of ventral cord motor neurons.

• Primary Identifier: Expr8179
• Remark: Picture: Fig. 2Ad.
• Subcellular Localization: The protein appeared to be diffusely distributed in axons with no obvious spatial relationship to presynaptic terminals. A similar pattern was seen using a C-terminal fusion protein GAR-2::YFP.

• Primary Identifier: Expr1114
• Remark: Reporter gene fusion type not specified.
• Pattern: GAR-2 was expressed in a subset of neurons from the folding stage during embryogenesis through adulthood. This observation is consistent with RT-PCR results showing the presence of gar-2 mRNA throughout development. GAR-2 was expressed in some head neurons with ciliated endings, which are putative sensory neurons, in many cells of the ventral cord, which are considered to be motor neurons, and in the hermaphrodite-specific neuron (HSN) motor neurons, which innervate vulval muscles in the hermaphrodite.

• Primary Identifier: Expr2011945
• Pattern: Single cell embryonic expression. Only cell types with an expression fraction of greater 0.2 of the maximum expressed fraction are labeled (Full data can be downloaded from http://caltech.wormbase.org/pub/wormbase/datasets-published/packer2019/). The colors represent the broad cell class to which the cell type has been assigned. The size of the point is proportional to the log2 of the numbers of cells in the dataset of that cell type. Interactive visualizations are available as a web app (https://cello.shinyapps.io/celegans/) and can also be installed as an R package (https://github.com/qinzhu/VisCello.celegans).

• Primary Identifier: Expr2030182
• Pattern: Single cell embryonic expression. Only cell types with an expression fraction of greater 0.2 of the maximum expressed fraction are labeled (Full data can be downloaded from http://caltech.wormbase.org/pub/wormbase/datasets-published/packer2019/). The colors represent the broad cell class to which the cell type has been assigned. The size of the point is proportional to the log2 of the numbers of cells in the dataset of that cell type. Interactive visualizations are available as a web app (https://cello.shinyapps.io/celegans/) and can also be installed as an R package (https://github.com/qinzhu/VisCello.celegans).

• Primary Identifier: Expr1025714
• Pattern: Developmental gene expression time-course. Raw data can be downloaded from ftp://caltech.wormbase.org/pub/wormbase/datasets-published/levin2012

• Primary Identifier: Chronogram723
• Remark: Original chronogram file: chronogram.1754.xml
• Reporter Gene: [F47D12.1:gfp] transcriptional fusion.

32 GO Annotation

1 Homologues

1 Locations

• Feature . Primary Identifier: WBGene00001518
• Start: 6309366
• End: 6320873
• Strand: 1

32 Ontology Annotations

0 Regulates Expr Cluster

1 Sequence

• Length: 11508

1 Sequence Ontology Term

• Name: gene

3 Strains

• WBStrain00022222
• WBStrain00031470
• WBStrain00003713

1 Upstream Intergenic Region

• WormBase ID: intergenic_region_chrIII_6303381..6309365
• Length (nt): 5985
• Chromosome Location: III: 6303381-6309365
• Organism: Caenorhabditis elegans