WormMine

WS295

Intermine data mining platform for C. elegans and related nematodes

Gene :

WormBase Gene ID  ? WBGene00007918 Gene Name  sphk-1
Sequence Name  ? C34C6.5 Brief Description  sphk-1 encodes a sphingosine kinase orhtologous to the mammalian sphingosine kinases (SphK1 and SphK2); SPHK-1 activity is required, primarily in neurons, for promoting neurotransmitter release from synaptic vesicles at neuromuscular junctions; sphk-1 is expressedin the majority of cholinergic and GABAergic neurons, as well as in body wall muscle, intestine, and hypodermis; SPHK-1 localizes to discrete subsynaptic regions at presynaptic terminals; SPHK-1 abundance at presynaptic regions is regulated by a muscarinic signaling pathway that includes the muscarinc acetylcholine receptor GAR-3, the G protein subunit EGL-30, and the Trio Rho/GEF UNC-73.
Organism  Caenorhabditis elegans Automated Description  Predicted to enable D-erythro-sphingosine kinase activity and acetyltransferase activity. Involved in mitochondrial unfolded protein response; positive regulation of acetylcholine secretion, neurotransmission; and regulation of locomotion. Located in several cellular components, including mitochondrion; neuronal cell body; and presynaptic periactive zone. Expressed in several structures, including body wall musculature; excretory canal; intestine; linker cell; and neurons. Human ortholog(s) of this gene implicated in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Is an ortholog of human SPHK1 (sphingosine kinase 1) and SPHK2 (sphingosine kinase 2).
Biotype  SO:0001217 Genetic Position  II :0.842334 ±0.001708
Length (nt)  ? 2658
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1 Organism

Name Taxon Id
Caenorhabditis elegans 6239

1 Synonyms

Value
WBGene00007918

Genomics

4 Transcripts

WormMine ID Sequence Name Length (nt) Chromosome Location
Transcript:C34C6.5a.1 C34C6.5a.1 1741   II: 8699012-8701669
Transcript:C34C6.5c.1 C34C6.5c.1 1770   II: 8699022-8701252
Transcript:C34C6.5d.1 C34C6.5d.1 1017   II: 8699330-8700669
Transcript:C34C6.5b.1 C34C6.5b.1 1272   II: 8699330-8701518
 

Other

4 CDSs

WormMine ID Sequence Name Length (nt) Chromosome Location
CDS:C34C6.5a C34C6.5a 1422   II: 8699330-8699470
CDS:C34C6.5c C34C6.5c 1185   II: 8699330-8699470
CDS:C34C6.5d C34C6.5d 1017   II: 8699330-8699470
CDS:C34C6.5b C34C6.5b 1272   II: 8699330-8699470

20 RNAi Result

WormBase ID
WBRNAi00041854
WBRNAi00011582
WBRNAi00102828
WBRNAi00102829
WBRNAi00029510
WBRNAi00102797
WBRNAi00060295
WBRNAi00060296
WBRNAi00060297
WBRNAi00060298
WBRNAi00060299
WBRNAi00060300
WBRNAi00060301
WBRNAi00060302
WBRNAi00060303
WBRNAi00092875
WBRNAi00088755
WBRNAi00088648
WBRNAi00102804
WBRNAi00075871

42 Allele

Public Name
gk963801
gk963053
gk962682
gk963446
gk964068
WBVar01604356
WBVar01438867
WBVar01766353
gk149384
gk149383
gk149385
gk924244
gk790637
gk892647
WBVar01666256
gk892209
ok1097
gk508930
gk681456
gk638114
tm1874
gk863229
WBVar01405385
gk330058
gk843846
gk424182
gk813894
WBVar00174114
WBVar00174117
WBVar00174116

1 Chromosome

WormBase ID Organism Length (nt)
II Caenorhabditis elegans 15279421  

1 Chromosome Location


Feature . Primary Identifier
Start End Strand
WBGene00007918 8699012 8701669 -1

4 Data Sets

Name URL
WormBaseAcedbConverter  
GO Annotation data set  
C. elegans genomic annotations (GFF3 Gene)  
Panther orthologue and paralogue predictions  

1 Downstream Intergenic Region

WormBase ID Name Sequence Name Length (nt) Chromosome Location Organism
intergenic_region_chrII_8698929..8699011   83 II: 8698929-8699011 Caenorhabditis elegans

85 Expression Clusters

Regulated By Treatment Description Algorithm Primary Identifier
  Transcripts expressed in neuronal cells, by analyzingfluorescence-activated cell sorted (FACS) neurons. DESeq. False discovry rate (FDR) < 0.1. WBPaper00048988:neuron_expressed
adult vs dauer larva Transcripts that showed differential expression in adult vs dauer lava in N2 animals at 20C. N.A. WBPaper00050488:adult_vs_dauer_regulated_N2_20C
Osmotic stress Transcripts that showed significantly altered expression with 500 mM salt (NaCl) vs 100 mM salt when no food was present DESeq(version 1.10.1), FDR < 0.05. WBPaper00050726:OsmoticStress_regulated_NoFood
  Transcripts expressed in GABAergic neuron, according to PAT-Seq analysis using Punc-47-GFP-3XFLAG mRNA tagging. Cufflinks FPKM value >=1. WBPaper00050990:GABAergic-neuron_expressed
  Transcripts expressed in intestine, according to PAT-Seq analysis using Pges-1-GFP-3XFLAG mRNA tagging. Cufflinks FPKM value >=1. WBPaper00050990:intestine_expressed
  Transcripts expressed in seam cells, according to PAT-Seq analysis using Pgrd-10-GFP-3XFLAG mRNA tagging. Cufflinks FPKM value >=1. WBPaper00050990:seam_expressed
  Transcripts that showed significantly increased expression in day 1 adult hermaphrodite comparing to in L4 larva fem-3(q20) animals. Fold change > 2, FDR < 0.05 WBPaper00064088:Day-1-adult_vs_L4_upregulated_fem-3(q20)
  Transcripts that showed significantly increased expression in day 3 adult hermaphrodite comparing to in L4 larva fem-3(q20) animals. Fold change > 2, FDR < 0.05 WBPaper00064088:Day-3-adult_vs_L4_upregulated_fem-3(q20)
Bacteria infection: Bacillus thuringiensis mRNAs that showed significantly decreased expression after pathogenic bacteria Bacillus thuringiensis infections comparing to non pathogenic BT (BT247(1 to 10 mix) vs BT407 12h), according to RNAseq. Cuffdiff, ajusted p-value < 0.01. WBPaper00046497:B.thuringiensis_0.1mix_downregulated_12h
  Transcripts that showed significantly increased expression in sin-3(tm1276) comparing to in N2. DESeq2, fold change > 2, p-value < 0.01. WBPaper00061203:sin-3(tm1276)_upregulated
  Maternal class (M): genes that are called present in at least one of the three PC6 replicates. A modified Welch F statistic was used for ANOVA. For each gene, regressed error estimates were substituted for observed error estimates. The substitution is justified by the lack of consistency among the most and least variable genes at each time point. Regressed error estimates were abundance-dependent pooled error estimates that represented a median error estimate from a window of genes of similar abundance to the gene of interest. A randomization test was used to compute the probability Pg of the observed F statistic for gene g under the null hypothesis that developmental time had no effect on expression. P-values were not corrected for multiple testing. [cgc5767]:expression_class_M
  Strictly maternal class (SM): genes that are the subset of maternal genes that are not also classified as embryonic. A modified Welch F statistic was used for ANOVA. For each gene, regressed error estimates were substituted for observed error estimates. The substitution is justified by the lack of consistency among the most and least variable genes at each time point. Regressed error estimates were abundance-dependent pooled error estimates that represented a median error estimate from a window of genes of similar abundance to the gene of interest. A randomization test was used to compute the probability Pg of the observed F statistic for gene g under the null hypothesis that developmental time had no effect on expression. P-values were not corrected for multiple testing. [cgc5767]:expression_class_SM
  Transcripts that showed significantly altered expression after 24 hour exposure to stavudine (d4T) starting at L1 lava stage. DESeq WBPaper00053302:stavudine_24h_regulated
  Transcripts that showed significantly decreased expression in sin-3(tm1276) comparing to in N2 at early embryo when there were only 3 -5 eggs in the adult. DESeq2, fold change > 2, adjusted p-value < 0.01 WBPaper00058598:sin-3(tm1276)_downregulated
  Transcripts that showed significantly increased expression in sftb-1(cer6) deletion homozygous comparing to to in N2 animals at L4 larva stage. DESeq2, fold change > 2 WBPaper00058725:sftb-1(cer6)_downregulated
  Transcripts that showed significantly increased expression in oocyte germline cells comparing to in mitosis germline cells. Log2 Fold change > 2 or <-1, p-value < 0.05. WBPaper00053599:oocyte_vs_mitosis_upregulated
  Transcripts that showed significantly increased expression in xrep-4(lax137). DESeq2. Genes were selected if their p value < 0.01. WBPaper00066062:xrep-4(lax137)_upregulated
  Genes that showed expression levels higher than the corresponding reference sample (L2 all cell reference). A Mann-Whitney U test with an empirical background model and FDR correction for multiple testing was used to detect expressed transcripts (Benjamini and Hochberg 1995). Genes and TARs with an FDR <= 0.05 were reported as expressed above background. Authors detected differentially expressed transcripts using a method based on linear models. Genes and TARs were called differentially expressed if the FDR was <= 0.05 and the fold change (FC) >= 2.0. To more strictly correct for potential false-positives resulting from multiple sample comparisons, authors divided individual FDR estimates by the number of samplesor sample comparisons, respectively. This resulted in an adjusted FDR of 1.3 * 0.0001 for expression above background and of 7.4 * 0.0001 for differential expression. Authors called genes selectively enriched in a given tissue if they met the following requirements: (1) enriched expression in a given tissue (FDR <= 0.05 and FC >= 2.0), (2) fold change versus reference among the upper 40% of the positive FC range observed for this gene across all tissues, and (3) fold-change entropy among the lower 40% of the distribution observed for all genes. WBPaper00037950:A-class-motor-neurons_L2-larva_expressed
Temprature shift to 28C for 24 hours. Transcripts that showed significantly decreased expression after animals were exposed to 28C temperature for 24 hours. Differentially expressed genes wereidentified using DESeq (v.1.18.0) by normalizing readsbased on the negative binomial distribution method andcomparing each HS timepoint to the 0-h control. WBPaper00061341:28C_24h_downregulated
Temprature shift to 28C for 48 hours. Transcripts that showed significantly decreased expression after animals were exposed to 28C temperature for 48 hours. Differentially expressed genes wereidentified using DESeq (v.1.18.0) by normalizing readsbased on the negative binomial distribution method andcomparing each HS timepoint to the 0-h control. WBPaper00061341:28C_48h_downregulated
  Proteins that showed significantly decreased expression after 1-day-old wild type adults were exposed to cisplatin (300ug per mL) for 6 hours. The differential expression analysis was performed in R. Differentially expressed proteins were identified by using a two-sided t-test on log-transformed data. WBPaper00065373:Cisplatin_downregulated_WT
  Transcripts that were regulated by both set-6(ok2195) and baz-2(tm0235) at 2-day post L4 adult hermaphrodite stage. N.A. WBPaper00059356:set-6(ok2195)_baz-2(tm0235)_regulated
  Genes that showed expression levels higher than the corresponding reference sample (L3/L4 all cell reference). A Mann-Whitney U test with an empirical background model and FDR correction for multiple testing was used to detect expressed transcripts (Benjamini and Hochberg 1995). Genes and TARs with an FDR <= 0.05 were reported as expressed above background. Authors detected differentially expressed transcripts using a method based on linear models. Genes and TARs were called differentially expressed if the FDR was <= 0.05 and the fold change (FC) >= 2.0. To more strictly correct for potential false-positives resulting from multiple sample comparisons, authors divided individual FDR estimates by the number of samplesor sample comparisons, respectively. This resulted in an adjusted FDR of 1.3 * 0.0001 for expression above background and of 7.4 * 0.0001 for differential expression. Authors called genes selectively enriched in a given tissue if they met the following requirements: (1) enriched expression in a given tissue (FDR <= 0.05 and FC >= 2.0), (2) fold change versus reference among the upper 40% of the positive FC range observed for this gene across all tissues, and (3) fold-change entropy among the lower 40% of the distribution observed for all genes. WBPaper00037950:dopaminergic-neurons_L3-L4-larva_expressed
  Genes that showed expression levels higher than the corresponding reference sample (L3/L4 all cell reference). A Mann-Whitney U test with an empirical background model and FDR correction for multiple testing was used to detect expressed transcripts (Benjamini and Hochberg 1995). Genes and TARs with an FDR <= 0.05 were reported as expressed above background. Authors detected differentially expressed transcripts using a method based on linear models. Genes and TARs were called differentially expressed if the FDR was <= 0.05 and the fold change (FC) >= 2.0. To more strictly correct for potential false-positives resulting from multiple sample comparisons, authors divided individual FDR estimates by the number of samplesor sample comparisons, respectively. This resulted in an adjusted FDR of 1.3 * 0.0001 for expression above background and of 7.4 * 0.0001 for differential expression. Authors called genes selectively enriched in a given tissue if they met the following requirements: (1) enriched expression in a given tissue (FDR <= 0.05 and FC >= 2.0), (2) fold change versus reference among the upper 40% of the positive FC range observed for this gene across all tissues, and (3) fold-change entropy among the lower 40% of the distribution observed for all genes. WBPaper00037950:hypodermis_L3-L4-larva_expressed
  Genes that showed expression levels higher than the corresponding reference sample (L2 all cell reference). A Mann-Whitney U test with an empirical background model and FDR correction for multiple testing was used to detect expressed transcripts (Benjamini and Hochberg 1995). Genes and TARs with an FDR <= 0.05 were reported as expressed above background. Authors detected differentially expressed transcripts using a method based on linear models. Genes and TARs were called differentially expressed if the FDR was <= 0.05 and the fold change (FC) >= 2.0. To more strictly correct for potential false-positives resulting from multiple sample comparisons, authors divided individual FDR estimates by the number of samplesor sample comparisons, respectively. This resulted in an adjusted FDR of 1.3 * 0.0001 for expression above background and of 7.4 * 0.0001 for differential expression. Authors called genes selectively enriched in a given tissue if they met the following requirements: (1) enriched expression in a given tissue (FDR <= 0.05 and FC >= 2.0), (2) fold change versus reference among the upper 40% of the positive FC range observed for this gene across all tissues, and (3) fold-change entropy among the lower 40% of the distribution observed for all genes. WBPaper00037950:intestine_L2-larva_expressed
  Genes that showed expression levels higher than the corresponding reference sample (L3/L4 all cell reference). A Mann-Whitney U test with an empirical background model and FDR correction for multiple testing was used to detect expressed transcripts (Benjamini and Hochberg 1995). Genes and TARs with an FDR <= 0.05 were reported as expressed above background. Authors detected differentially expressed transcripts using a method based on linear models. Genes and TARs were called differentially expressed if the FDR was <= 0.05 and the fold change (FC) >= 2.0. To more strictly correct for potential false-positives resulting from multiple sample comparisons, authors divided individual FDR estimates by the number of samplesor sample comparisons, respectively. This resulted in an adjusted FDR of 1.3 * 0.0001 for expression above background and of 7.4 * 0.0001 for differential expression. Authors called genes selectively enriched in a given tissue if they met the following requirements: (1) enriched expression in a given tissue (FDR <= 0.05 and FC >= 2.0), (2) fold change versus reference among the upper 40% of the positive FC range observed for this gene across all tissues, and (3) fold-change entropy among the lower 40% of the distribution observed for all genes. WBPaper00037950:PVD-OLL-neurons_L3-L4-larva_expressed
  Transcripts that showed significantly increased expression in hda-2(ok1479) comparing to in N2 animals. DESeq2 (version 1.28.1), FDR < 0.01, fold change > 2. WBPaper00062159:hda-2(ok1479)_upregulated
  Transcripts detected in germline isolated from day-1 adult hermaphrodite animals. All three experiments have CPM >= 1. WBPaper00067147:germline_expressed
  Genes that were not enriched in either spermatogenic fem-3(q96gf) nor oogenic fog-2(q71) gonads, according to RNAseq analysis. To identify differentially expressed transcripts, authors used R/Bioconductor package DESeq. WBPaper00045521:Gender_Neutral
  Genes found to be regulated by low-copy overexpression of sir-2.1 with p < 0.014. N.A. WBPaper00026929:sir-2.1_overexpression_regulated

11 Expression Patterns

Remark Reporter Gene Primary Identifier Pattern Subcellular Localization
    Expr2034290 Single cell embryonic expression. Only cell types with an expression fraction of greater 0.2 of the maximum expressed fraction are labeled (Full data can be downloaded from http://caltech.wormbase.org/pub/wormbase/datasets-published/packer2019/). The colors represent the broad cell class to which the cell type has been assigned. The size of the point is proportional to the log2 of the numbers of cells in the dataset of that cell type. Interactive visualizations are available as a web app (https://cello.shinyapps.io/celegans/) and can also be installed as an R package (https://github.com/qinzhu/VisCello.celegans).  
    Expr10051 sphk-1::GFP was expressed in many neurons, including a majority of cholinergic and GABAergic motor neurons. In addition, GFP fluorescence was detected in body wall muscles, intestine, and hypodermis.  
    Expr1033432 Tiling arrays expression graphs  
    Expr10610 Transgenic animals expressing green fluorescent protein (GFP) under the control of a fully rescuing sphk-1 promoter fragment displayed fluorescence in multiple tissues, including the hypodermis (skin), muscles, the intestine, excretory canal cells, and some neurons in the head and tail.In DA/DB class cholinergic motor neurons, functional GFP-tagged SPHK-1 fusion proteins (SPHK-1-GFP) were detected in extranuclear regions in cell bodies, likely corresponding to Golgi (Sumakovic et al., 2009), occasionally in puncta in dendrites (data not shown), and in puncta at en passant presynaptic terminals (Chan et al., 2012). Colocalization studies revealed that SPHK-1-GFP was closely apposed to but not colocalized with the synaptic vesicle (SV) and actin-associated protein SNN-1/synapsin. In body wall muscles, SPHK-1-GFP was primarily observed on the outer surface of mitochondria as demonstrated by its colocalization with an RFP-tagged outer membrane mitochondrial marker. Thus, SPHK-1 appears to localize to different cellular membranes depending on cell type.SPHK-1 associates with presynaptic membranes at release sites, but not synaptic vesicles.  
    Expr11149 sphk-1 is expressed in the linker cell.  
    Expr2016055 Single cell embryonic expression. Only cell types with an expression fraction of greater 0.2 of the maximum expressed fraction are labeled (Full data can be downloaded from http://caltech.wormbase.org/pub/wormbase/datasets-published/packer2019/). The colors represent the broad cell class to which the cell type has been assigned. The size of the point is proportional to the log2 of the numbers of cells in the dataset of that cell type. Interactive visualizations are available as a web app (https://cello.shinyapps.io/celegans/) and can also be installed as an R package (https://github.com/qinzhu/VisCello.celegans).  
    Expr1027758 Developmental gene expression time-course. Raw data can be downloaded from ftp://caltech.wormbase.org/pub/wormbase/datasets-published/levin2012  
    Expr1145872 Developmental gene expression time-course. Raw data can be downloaded from ftp://caltech.wormbase.org/pub/wormbase/datasets-published/hashimshony2015  
    Expr15726   We found that SPHK-1::GFP was not evenly distributed in intestinal cells, but instead adopted a "net"-like localization pattern throughout the cytoplasm. This pattern was similar to that observed for the outer membrane mitochondrial marker TOMM-20::mCherry. Colocalization studies revealed strong colocalization of SPHK-1:: GFP with TOMM-20::mCherry in the intestine. Colocalization was also seen between SPHK-1::GFP and an inverted outer membrane mitochondrial marker (INVOM:: RFP; Staab et al., 2013).
    Expr3623   Expressed in cell body/nucleus.
    Expr15727   SPHK-1 selectively associates with mitochondria in intestinal cells. SPHK-1::GFP co-localized strongly with the outer mitochondrial membrane marker TOMM-20::mCherry

39 GO Annotation

Annotation Extension Qualifier
  enables
  enables
  enables
  enables
  enables
  enables
  enables
  enables
  enables
  involved_in
  involved_in
occurs_in(WBbt:0003679),occurs_in(GO:0036062)|occurs_in(WBbt:0006804) involved_in
  involved_in
  involved_in
  involved_in
  involved_in
  enables
  located_in
  located_in
  located_in
  involved_in
  involved_in
  involved_in
  involved_in
  involved_in
part_of(WBbt:0006840) located_in
  located_in
part_of(WBbt:0005278)|part_of(WBbt:0006840) located_in
  located_in
  located_in

11 Homologues

Type
least diverged orthologue
least diverged orthologue
least diverged orthologue
orthologue
orthologue
orthologue
orthologue
least diverged orthologue
orthologue
orthologue
least diverged orthologue

1 Locations


Feature . Primary Identifier
Start End Strand
WBGene00007918 8699012 8701669 -1

39 Ontology Annotations

Annotation Extension Qualifier
  enables
  enables
  enables
  enables
  enables
  enables
  enables
  enables
  enables
  involved_in
  involved_in
occurs_in(WBbt:0003679),occurs_in(GO:0036062)|occurs_in(WBbt:0006804) involved_in
  involved_in
  involved_in
  involved_in
  involved_in
  enables
  located_in
  located_in
  located_in
  involved_in
  involved_in
  involved_in
  involved_in
  involved_in
part_of(WBbt:0006840) located_in
  located_in
part_of(WBbt:0005278)|part_of(WBbt:0006840) located_in
  located_in
  located_in

0 Regulates Expr Cluster

1 Sequence

Length
2658

1 Sequence Ontology Term

Identifier Name Description
gene  

2 Strains

WormBase ID
WBStrain00036171
WBStrain00005455

1 Upstream Intergenic Region

WormBase ID Name Sequence Name Length (nt) Chromosome Location Organism
intergenic_region_chrII_8701670..8703314   1645 II: 8701670-8703314 Caenorhabditis elegans