WormMine: Gene WBGene00000214

• WormBase Gene ID: WBGene00000214
• Gene Name: asp-1
• Sequence Name: Y39B6A.20
• Brief Description: asp-1 encodes a homolog of cathepsin D aspartic protease; it is transcribed exclusively in intestinal cells of the late embryo and early larvae and is not observed in older larvae or adults; ASP-1 is dispensable for neuronal degeneration.
• Organism: Caenorhabditis elegans
• Automated Description: Predicted to enable aspartic-type endopeptidase activity. Predicted to be involved in proteolysis. Located in cytoplasm and external side of apical plasma membrane. Expressed in intestinal cell and intestine. Human ortholog(s) of this gene implicated in several diseases, including artery disease (multiple); chronic fatigue syndrome; and congenital adrenal hyperplasia. Is an ortholog of human PGC (progastricsin) and REN (renin).
• Biotype: SO:0001217
• Genetic Position: V :18.5005 ±0.138896
• Length (nt): 1191

1 Organism

• Name: Caenorhabditis elegans
• Taxon Id: 6239

1 Synonyms

• Value: WBGene00000214

Genomics

1 Transcripts

WormMine ID	Sequence Name	Length (nt)	Chromosome Location
Transcript:Y39B6A.20.1	Y39B6A.20.1	1191	V: 19049562-19050752

Other

1 CDSs

WormMine ID	Sequence Name	Length (nt)	Chromosome Location
CDS:Y39B6A.20	Y39B6A.20	1191	V: 19049562-19050752

17 RNAi Result

• WBRNAi00086760
• WBRNAi00056172
• WBRNAi00056173
• WBRNAi00020380
• WBRNAi00076778
• WBRNAi00022711
• WBRNAi00022712
• WBRNAi00022713
• WBRNAi00022714
• WBRNAi00036919
• WBRNAi00093244
• WBRNAi00092282
• WBRNAi00092281
• WBRNAi00098403
• WBRNAi00089191
• WBRNAi00066763
• WBRNAi00115165

35 Allele

• gk963271
• gk962705
• gk963489
• gk963304
• gk963809
• gk963637
• tm666
• gk553491
• gk521963
• gk914828
• gk349191
• gk660612
• gk766784
• gk556839
• gk344789
• gk758251
• gk559398
• gk673070
• gk425072
• gk363700
• gk369257
• gk582687
• gk480709
• gk467893
• gk689462
• gk853146
• gk875396
• gk664395
• gk505648
• gk481674

1 Chromosome

• WormBase ID: V
• Organism: Caenorhabditis elegans
• Length (nt): 20924180

1 Chromosome Location

• Feature . Primary Identifier: WBGene00000214
• Start: 19049562
• End: 19050752
• Strand: -1

4 Data Sets

• WormBaseAcedbConverter
• GO Annotation data set
• C. elegans genomic annotations (GFF3 Gene)
• Panther orthologue and paralogue predictions

1 Downstream Intergenic Region

• WormBase ID: intergenic_region_chrV_19048670..19049561
• Length (nt): 892
• Chromosome Location: V: 19048670-19049561
• Organism: Caenorhabditis elegans

287 Expression Clusters

Regulated By Treatment	Description	Algorithm	Primary Identifier
	oocyte proteins identified by two or more unique peptides during proteomics study.	In the pooled data set, 1453 C. elegans proteins were identified with a probability >= 0.9 according to ProteinProphet, of which 1165 proteins were identified by more than one unique peptide.	WBPaper00038289:oocyte_protein
	Transcripts of coding genes that showed significantly decreased expression in muscle.	DESeq2 (version 1.24.0). Transcripts with a false-discovery rate adjusted p-value less than 0.05 were considered significantly differentially expressed.	WBPaper00062325:muscle_depleted_coding-RNA
	Transcripts expressed in neuronal cells, by analyzingfluorescence-activated cell sorted (FACS) neurons.	DESeq. False discovry rate (FDR) < 0.1.	WBPaper00048988:neuron_expressed
	Genes that showed expression levels higher than the corresponding reference sample (embryonic 24hr reference).	A Mann-Whitney U test with an empirical background model and FDR correction for multiple testing was used to detect expressed transcripts (Benjamini and Hochberg 1995). Genes and TARs with an FDR <= 0.05 were reported as expressed above background. Authors detected differentially expressed transcripts using a method based on linear models. Genes and TARs were called differentially expressed if the FDR was <= 0.05 and the fold change (FC) >= 2.0. To more strictly correct for potential false-positives resulting from multiple sample comparisons, authors divided individual FDR estimates by the number of samplesor sample comparisons, respectively. This resulted in an adjusted FDR of 1.3 * 0.0001 for expression above background and of 7.4 * 0.0001 for differential expression. Authors called genes selectively enriched in a given tissue if they met the following requirements: (1) enriched expression in a given tissue (FDR <= 0.05 and FC >= 2.0), (2) fold change versus reference among the upper 40% of the positive FC range observed for this gene across all tissues, and (3) fold-change entropy among the lower 40% of the distribution observed for all genes.	WBPaper00037950:all-neurons_L1-larva_expressed
adult vs dauer larva	Transcripts that showed differential expression in adult vs dauer lava in N2 animals at 20C.	N.A.	WBPaper00050488:adult_vs_dauer_regulated_N2_20C
	mRNAs that showed decreased expression in 1 cell mebryo comparing to in oocyte, according to RNAseq analysis.	Gaussian error propagation. As cutoff for the up-regulated genes authors used log2 fold change > 1 and P < 0.05 and as cutoff for the down-regulated genes authors used log2 fold change < -1 and P < 0.05.	WBPaper00045420:fertilization_downregulated_transcript
Osmotic stress	Transcripts that showed significantly altered expression with 500 mM salt (NaCl) vs 100 mM salt when food was present	DESeq(version 1.10.1), FDR < 0.05.	WBPaper00050726:OsmoticStress_regulated_Food
Osmotic stress	Transcripts that showed significantly altered expression with 500 mM salt (NaCl) vs 100 mM salt when no food was present	DESeq(version 1.10.1), FDR < 0.05.	WBPaper00050726:OsmoticStress_regulated_NoFood
	Transcripts that showed significantly increased expression in csr-1a(tor159) comparing to in N2 at 25C.	DESeq2, fold change > 2, p-value < 0.05.	WBPaper00061753:csr-1(tor159)_upregulated_25C
	Transcripts that showed significantly increased expression glp-1(e2141); TU3401 animals comparing to in TU3401 animals.	Fold change > 2, FDR < 0.01.	WBPaper00065993:glp-1(e2141)_upregulated
	Genes that were downregulated in lin-15B(n744).	For each gene in each microarray hybridization experiment, the ratio of RNA levels from the two samples was transformed into a log2 value and the mean log2 ratio was calculated. The log2 ratios were normalized by print-tip Loess normalization (Dudoit and Yang, 2002). All genes with a false discovery rate of <= 5% (q <= 0.05) (Storey and Tibshirani, 2003) and a mean fold-change ratio of >= 1.5 were selected for further analysis.	WBPaper00038168:lin-15B(n744)_downregulated
	Genome-wide analysis of developmental and sex-regulated gene expression profile.	self-organizing map	cgc4489_group_18
	Genes that showed significantly increased expression in wrn-1(gk99) comparing to in N2, according to RNAseq.	DESeq was used to calculate the fold changes, log fold changes, and significance of the changes for each comparison.	WBPaper00045934:wrn-1(gk99)_upregulated
	Proteins interacting with NHR-49-GFP according to co-IP and LC-MS.	N.A.	WBPaper00064071:NHR-49_interacting
	Transcripts expressed in the epithelial tissues surrounding the pharynx that includes the arcade and intestinal valve (AIV) cells, according to PAT-Seq analysis using Pbath-15-GFP-3XFLAG mRNA tagging.	Cufflinks FPKM value >=1.	WBPaper00050990:arcade_intestinal-valve_expressed
	Transcripts expressed in body muscle, according to PAT-Seq analysis using Pmyo-3-GFP-3XFLAG mRNA tagging.	Cufflinks FPKM value >=1.	WBPaper00050990:body-muscle_expressed
	Transcripts that showed significantly decreased expression at 5-days-post L4 adult N2 hermaphrodites comparing to 1-day-post L4 adult N2 hermaphrodites.	DESeq2, fold change > 2, FDR < 0.05	WBPaper00065835:Day5_vs_Day1_downregulated
	Transcripts expressed in GABAergic neuron, according to PAT-Seq analysis using Punc-47-GFP-3XFLAG mRNA tagging.	Cufflinks FPKM value >=1.	WBPaper00050990:GABAergic-neuron_expressed
	Transcripts that showed significantly decreased expression at 11-days-post L4 adult N2 hermaphrodites comparing to 1-day-post L4 adult N2 hermaphrodites.	DESeq2, fold change > 2, FDR < 0.05	WBPaper00065835:Day11_vs_Day1_downregulated
	Transcripts expressed in hypodermis, according to PAT-Seq analysis using Pdpy-7-GFP-3XFLAG mRNA tagging.	Cufflinks FPKM value >=1.	WBPaper00050990:hypodermis_expressed
	Transcripts that showed significantly decreased expression in atfs-1(cmh15) (null allele) animals comparing to in N2 animals at L4 larva stage.	edgeR, fold change > 2, FDR < 0.05	WBPaper00060909:atfs-1(cmh15)_downregulated
	Transcripts expressed in intestine, according to PAT-Seq analysis using Pges-1-GFP-3XFLAG mRNA tagging.	Cufflinks FPKM value >=1.	WBPaper00050990:intestine_expressed
	Transcripts expressed in NMDA neuron, according to PAT-Seq analysis using Pnmr-1-GFP-3XFLAG mRNA tagging.	Cufflinks FPKM value >=1.	WBPaper00050990:NMDA-neuron_expressed
	Transcripts expressed in pharynx, according to PAT-Seq analysis using Pmyo-2-GFP-3XFLAG mRNA tagging.	Cufflinks FPKM value >=1.	WBPaper00050990:pharynx_expressed
	Genes with expression level regulated by genotype (N2 vs CB4856) and age at old adults stage (214 hours at 24 centigrade).	For model 2, authors used 100 permutations to estimate the FDR threshold. Per permutation, genotypes and ages were independently randomly distributed, keeping the among-gene structure intact. Then for each spot (23,232) on the array, model 2 was tested. The obtained P-values were used to estimate a threshold for each of the explanatory factors. Authors also used a genome-wide threshold of -log10 P-value = 2, which resembles an FDR of 0.072 and 0.060 for marker and the interaction age-marker for the developing worms and FDR of 0.050 and 0.065 for marker and age-marker for the aging worms. For the physiological age effect, authors used a log10 P-value = 8 in developing worms (0.012 FDR) and -log10 P-value = 6 (0.032 FDR).	WBPaper00040858:eQTL_age_regulated_aging
	Transcripts expressed in seam cells, according to PAT-Seq analysis using Pgrd-10-GFP-3XFLAG mRNA tagging.	Cufflinks FPKM value >=1.	WBPaper00050990:seam_expressed
	Transcripts expressed in vulva.	FPKM >= 1.	WBPaper00064122:vulva_transcriptome
Bacteria infection: Bacillus thuringiensis	mRNAs that showed significantly decreased expression after pathogenic bacteria Bacillus thuringiensis infections comparing to non pathogenic BT (BT247(1 to 10 mix) vs BT407 6h), according to RNAseq.	Cuffdiff, ajusted p-value < 0.01.	WBPaper00046497:B.thuringiensis_0.1mix_downregulated_6h
Bacteria infection: Bacillus thuringiensis	mRNAs that showed significantly decreased expression after pathogenic bacteria Bacillus thuringiensis infections comparing to non pathogenic BT (BT247(1 to 10 mix) vs BT407 12h), according to RNAseq.	Cuffdiff, ajusted p-value < 0.01.	WBPaper00046497:B.thuringiensis_0.1mix_downregulated_12h
	Transcripts that showed significantly increased expression after four-day-old young adult worms were placed on NGM plates seeded with OP50 in the presence 5% Agaro-oligosaccharides(AGO) for 24 h, comparing to animals grown in the absence of AGO.	Fold change > 2.	WBPaper00064306:Agaro-oligosaccharides_upregulated

12 Expression Patterns

• Primary Identifier: Expr2009465
• Pattern: Single cell embryonic expression. Only cell types with an expression fraction of greater 0.2 of the maximum expressed fraction are labeled (Full data can be downloaded from http://caltech.wormbase.org/pub/wormbase/datasets-published/packer2019/). The colors represent the broad cell class to which the cell type has been assigned. The size of the point is proportional to the log2 of the numbers of cells in the dataset of that cell type. Interactive visualizations are available as a web app (https://cello.shinyapps.io/celegans/) and can also be installed as an R package (https://github.com/qinzhu/VisCello.celegans).

• Primary Identifier: Expr1030131
• Pattern: Tiling arrays expression graphs

• Primary Identifier: Expr1092
• Pattern: asp-1 transcription is limited to the intestinal cells during early larval stages of development.

• Primary Identifier: Expr1091
• Pattern: The intestine of C. elegans L1 and L2 larvae contained significant levels of ASP-1 mRNA. The amount of ASP-1 mRNA declined in later larvae, and was undetectable in the intestine of the adult nematode.

• Primary Identifier: Expr1093
• Remark: The results describing the cell- and development-specific patterns of asp-1 transcription, and mRNA and protein accumulation in embryonic and larval C. elegans, are all in excellent agreement.
• Pattern: Intense fluorescence signals disclosed that the protease is abundantly expressed at later stages of embryonic development. The protein is undetectable in embryos prior to the 2-fold stage of development. Affinity-purified anti-ASP-1 IgGs selectively bound to the apical surfaces of the intestinal cells in late embryos, thereby outlining the lumen of the gut. C. elegans larvae (L1L2) also contain substantial amounts of ASP-1, exclusively in the intestinal cells.
• Subcellular Localization: Fluorescence signals were also present in the cytoplasm of the intestinal cells. The small, punctate structures that may represent protease-containing lysosomes were also observed. As observed in embryos, the protein is concentrated along the apical surface of the cell and outlines the intestinal lumen. It is also present in granules within the cytoplasm.

• Primary Identifier: Expr4097
• Remark: Curated by authors based on online in-situ hybridization database (Y. Kohara, personal communication; http://nematode.lab.nig.ac.jp).
• Pattern: Expressed in intestine.

• Primary Identifier: Expr1021155
• Pattern: Developmental gene expression time-course. Raw data can be downloaded from ftp://caltech.wormbase.org/pub/wormbase/datasets-published/levin2012

• Primary Identifier: Chronogram533
• Remark: Original chronogram file: chronogram.1550.xml
• Reporter Gene: [Y39B6A.20:gfp] transcriptional fusion.

• Primary Identifier: Expr2027703
• Pattern: Single cell embryonic expression. Only cell types with an expression fraction of greater 0.2 of the maximum expressed fraction are labeled (Full data can be downloaded from http://caltech.wormbase.org/pub/wormbase/datasets-published/packer2019/). The colors represent the broad cell class to which the cell type has been assigned. The size of the point is proportional to the log2 of the numbers of cells in the dataset of that cell type. Interactive visualizations are available as a web app (https://cello.shinyapps.io/celegans/) and can also be installed as an R package (https://github.com/qinzhu/VisCello.celegans).

• Primary Identifier: Chronogram1022
• Remark: Original chronogram file: chronogram.2079.xml
• Reporter Gene: [Y39B6A.20:gfp] transcriptional fusion.

• Primary Identifier: Expr1159679
• Pattern: Developmental gene expression time-course. Raw data can be downloaded from ftp://caltech.wormbase.org/pub/wormbase/datasets-published/hashimshony2015

• Primary Identifier: Expr1090
• Pattern: The highest levels of ASP-1 mRNA were detected in embryos and L1 larvae. The amount of ASP-1 mRNA in adult nematodes was 30% of that present in L1 larvae.

16 GO Annotation

22 Homologues

1 Locations

• Feature . Primary Identifier: WBGene00000214
• Start: 19049562
• End: 19050752
• Strand: -1

16 Ontology Annotations

0 Regulates Expr Cluster

1 Sequence

• Length: 1191

1 Sequence Ontology Term