WormMine: Gene WBGene00003518

• WormBase Gene ID: WBGene00003518
• Gene Name: nac-2
• Sequence Name: R107.1
• Brief Description: nac-2 encodes a high affinity sodium-coupled citrate transporter that is orthologous to the mammalian citrate transporter NaCT and is one of four C. elegans proteins related to Drosophila Indy; when expressed in a heterologous system, NAC-2 exhibits high affinity sodium/citrate and sodium/succinate cotransporter activity, although the transport rate for citrate is much higher than that for succinate; nac-2::gfp reporter fusions are expressed in the intestine, from early larval stages through adulthood; the effects of nac-2(RNAi) are variable, with reports of a 19% increase in lifespan accompanied by decreased body size and fat content in affected animals and reports of no apparent decrease in average lifespan.
• Organism: Caenorhabditis elegans
• Automated Description: Enables citrate transmembrane transporter activity and succinate transmembrane transporter activity. Involved in several processes, including carboxylic acid transport; determination of adult lifespan; and regulation of growth. Predicted to be located in plasma membrane. Expressed in rect_D; rect_VL; and rect_VR. Is an ortholog of human SLC13A2 (solute carrier family 13 member 2).
• Biotype: SO:0001217
• Genetic Position: III :0.106568 ±0.006891
• Length (nt): 4522

1 Organism

• Name: Caenorhabditis elegans
• Taxon Id: 6239

1 Synonyms

• Value: WBGene00003518

Genomics

2 Transcripts

WormMine ID	Sequence Name	Length (nt)	Chromosome Location
Transcript:R107.1b.1	R107.1b.1	1956	III: 9038779-9043300
Transcript:R107.1a.1	R107.1a.1	1703	III: 9038779-9041450

Other

2 CDSs

WormMine ID	Sequence Name	Length (nt)	Chromosome Location
CDS:R107.1b	R107.1b	1758	III: 9038826-9038972
CDS:R107.1a	R107.1a	1656	III: 9038826-9038972

6 RNAi Result

• WBRNAi00051667
• WBRNAi00017683
• WBRNAi00005487
• WBRNAi00034804
• WBRNAi00061326
• WBRNAi00066314

55 Allele

• gk964518
• gk963887
• gk489639
• gk459393
• gk314381
• gk429684
• gk739014
• gk527195
• gk422638
• gk586917
• gk708238
• gk465657
• gk477177
• gk586918
• gk785346
• gk402280
• gk660941
• gk382592
• gk316312
• gk578971
• gk628859
• gk351525
• gk377716
• gk656749
• gk351526
• tm7939
• WBVar00070073
• WBVar01607188
• WBVar01823302
• gk181320

1 Chromosome

• WormBase ID: III
• Organism: Caenorhabditis elegans
• Length (nt): 13783801

1 Chromosome Location

• Feature . Primary Identifier: WBGene00003518
• Start: 9038779
• End: 9043300
• Strand: -1

4 Data Sets

• WormBaseAcedbConverter
• GO Annotation data set
• C. elegans genomic annotations (GFF3 Gene)
• Panther orthologue and paralogue predictions

1 Downstream Intergenic Region

• WormBase ID: intergenic_region_chrIII_9038567..9038778
• Length (nt): 212
• Chromosome Location: III: 9038567-9038778
• Organism: Caenorhabditis elegans

149 Expression Clusters

Regulated By Treatment	Description	Algorithm	Primary Identifier
	Genes with expression altered >= 3-fold in dpy-10(e128) mutants.	Data across the wild type series was analyzed using the Significance analysis of Microarrays (SAM) algorithm (to calculate the False Discovery Rate (FDR)).	WBPaper00035873:dpy-10_regulated
	Transcripts of coding genes that showed significantly decreased expression in muscle.	DESeq2 (version 1.24.0). Transcripts with a false-discovery rate adjusted p-value less than 0.05 were considered significantly differentially expressed.	WBPaper00062325:muscle_depleted_coding-RNA
	Transcripts expressed in neuronal cells, by analyzingfluorescence-activated cell sorted (FACS) neurons.	DESeq. False discovry rate (FDR) < 0.1.	WBPaper00048988:neuron_expressed
adult vs dauer larva	Transcripts that showed differential expression in adult vs dauer lava in N2 animals at 20C.	N.A.	WBPaper00050488:adult_vs_dauer_regulated_N2_20C
	mRNAs that showed decreased expression in 1 cell mebryo comparing to in oocyte, according to RNAseq analysis.	Gaussian error propagation. As cutoff for the up-regulated genes authors used log2 fold change > 1 and P < 0.05 and as cutoff for the down-regulated genes authors used log2 fold change < -1 and P < 0.05.	WBPaper00045420:fertilization_downregulated_transcript
Bacteria infection: Enterococcus faecalis	Genes with increased expression after 24 hours of infection by E.faecalis Fold changes shown are pathogen vs OP50.	For RNA-seq and tiling arrays, log2 fold changes between gene expression values of infected versus uninfected nematodes were calculated. For log2 fold changes > 0.00001 the values > 81.25th percentile were defined as up-regulated and for log2 fold changes < -0.00001 the values < 18.75th percentile were defined as down-regulated.	WBPaper00038438:E.faecalis_24hr_upregulated_TilingArray
	Transcripts that showed significantly increased expression after animals were treated with 50uM Rifampicin and 250uM Allantoin from day 1 to day 3 adult hermaphradite.	DESeq2(v1.14.1), fold change > 2, p-value < 0.05	WBPaper00055354:Rifampicin-Allantoin_upregulated
	Transcripts that showed significantly higher expression in somatic gonad precursor cells (SGP) vs. head mesodermal cells (hmc).	DESeq2, fold change >= 2, FDR <= 0.01.	WBPaper00056826:SGP_biased
	Transcripts that showed significantly increased expression after animals were treated with 100uM Psora and 250uM Allantoin from day 1 to day 3 adult hermaphradite.	DESeq2(v1.14.1), fold change > 2, p-value < 0.05	WBPaper00055354:Psora-Allantoin_upregulated
	Transcripts that showed significantly increased expression after animals were treated with 100uM Rapamycin and 50mM Metformin from day 1 to day 3 adult hermaphradite.	DESeq2(v1.14.1), fold change > 2, p-value < 0.05	WBPaper00055354:Rapamycin-Metformin_upregulated
	Transcripts expressed in intestine, according to PAT-Seq analysis using Pges-1-GFP-3XFLAG mRNA tagging.	Cufflinks FPKM value >=1.	WBPaper00050990:intestine_expressed
	Transcripts expressed in seam cells, according to PAT-Seq analysis using Pgrd-10-GFP-3XFLAG mRNA tagging.	Cufflinks FPKM value >=1.	WBPaper00050990:seam_expressed
	Genes with expression level regulated by genotype (N2 vs CB4856) at L3 larva and Late reproduction stage (96 hours at 24 centigrade).	For model 2, authors used 100 permutations to estimate the FDR threshold. Per permutation, genotypes and ages were independently randomly distributed, keeping the among-gene structure intact. Then for each spot (23,232) on the array, model 2 was tested. The obtained P-values were used to estimate a threshold for each of the explanatory factors. Authors also used a genome-wide threshold of -log10 P-value = 2, which resembles an FDR of 0.072 and 0.060 for marker and the interaction age-marker for the developing worms and FDR of 0.050 and 0.065 for marker and age-marker for the aging worms. For the physiological age effect, authors used a log10 P-value = 8 in developing worms (0.012 FDR) and -log10 P-value = 6 (0.032 FDR).	WBPaper00040858:eQTL_regulated_developing
	Transcripts that showed significantly increased expression in sin-3(tm1276) comparing to in N2.	DESeq2, fold change > 2, p-value < 0.01.	WBPaper00061203:sin-3(tm1276)_upregulated
Bacteria infection: Staphylococcus aureus MW2. 4 hours of exposure.	Transcripts that showed significantly increased expression after N2 animals had 4 hours of infection by Staphylococcus aureus (MW2).	DEseq 1.18.0, adjusted p-value < 0.05.	WBPaper00056471:S.aureus-4h_upregulated_N2
	Transcripts that showed significantly decreased expression in N2 animals exposed to 0.1mM Paraquat from hatching to reaching adult stage.	DESeq2 version 1.22.2, p < 0.05	WBPaper00064716:paraquat_downregulated
	Significantly upregulated genes from clk-1(qm30) microarrays using SAM algorithm with an FDR < 0.1 from adult-only chips.	SAM algorithm with an FDR < 0.1.	WBPaper00033065:clk-1(qm30)_upregulated
	Transcripts that showed significantly decreased expression in sin-3(tm1276) comparing to in N2 at early embryo when there were only 3 -5 eggs in the adult.	DESeq2, fold change > 2, adjusted p-value < 0.01	WBPaper00058598:sin-3(tm1276)_downregulated
	Transcripts that showed significantly decreased expression in 10-days post L4 adult hermaphrodite npr-8(ok1439) animals grown at 20C, comparing to in N2 animals.	CuffDiff, fold change > 2.	WBPaper00065096:npr-8(ok1439)_downregulated_Day10_20C
	Genes that showed oscillating mRNA expression level throughout the 16 hour time courses from L3 larva to young adult.	The following three lines of R code were used to perform the classification: increasing <-2*amplitude-PC1 < -1.7; oscillating <-!increasing & (amplitude > 0.55); flat <-!increasing & !oscillating; Note that the amplitude of a sinusoidal wave corresponds to only half the fold change between trough and peak.	WBPaper00044736:oscillating_dev_expression
	Transcriptions that showed significantly increased expression in skn-1(RNAi) comparing to empty vector injection into rrf-3(pk1426);daf-2(e1368) animals.	Genes with an absolute fold changeof at least 2 and standard p-values below 0.05 were considered as differentially expressed.	WBPaper00062193:skn-1(RNAi)_upregulated
	Transcripts that showed significantly altered expression in rnp-6(dh1127) animals comparing to in N2 when fed with heat killed E. coli OP50.	Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) (q-value <0.05) between different samples were identified using the stringtie version 1.3.0, followed by Cufflinks version 2.2.	WBPaper00059824:rnp-6(dh1127)_regulated_OP50
	Transcripts that showed significantly decreased expression in the neurons of bcat-1(RNAi) animals at 5-days post L4 adult hermaphrodite stage, comparing to animals injected with empty vector.	DESeq2. FDR < 0.05.	WBPaper00060459:bcat-1(RNAi)_downregulated
	Genes regulated by DAF-12, according to whole transcriptome profiling to compare genome-wide regulatory influences of DPY-21 and SET-4 to those of the key transcription factors controlling dauer arrest in eak-7;akt-1 animals, DAF-16 and DAF-12.	Authors identified genes differentially expressed between wild-type and eak-7;akt-1 double mutant animals [fold change >= 1.5 and false discovery rate (FDR) < 0.05]. Authors then compared the transcriptomes of eak-7;akt-1 double mutants to those of eak-7;akt-1 animals harboring mutations in dpy-21, set-4, daf-16, or daf-12, and identified genes that are differentially expressed in the opposite direction as in wild-type relative to eak-7;akt-1. Annotated gene expression data output from CuffDiff v2.2.1 was read into R version 3.2.1 for six comparisons: eak-7;akt-1 compared to (1) wild-type, (2) daf-16(mu86);eak-7;akt-1, (3) daf-12;eak-7;akt-1, (4) set-4(n4600);eak-7;akt-1, (5) set-4(dp268);eak-7;akt-1, and (6) dpy-21;eak-7;akt-1. Authors filtered genes by the following criteria: (1) status = OK for wild-type vs. eak-7;akt-1, (2) fold change (FC) >= 1.5 or FC <= 1/1.5 for wild-type vs. eak-7;akt-1 and (3) FDR < 0.05 for at least two separate comparisons.	WBPaper00050801:DAF-12_dauer_regulome
	Genes regulated by DAF-16, according to whole transcriptome profiling to compare genome-wide regulatory influences of DPY-21 and SET-4 to those of the key transcription factors controlling dauer arrest in eak-7;akt-1 animals, DAF-16 and DAF-12.	Authors identified genes differentially expressed between wild-type and eak-7;akt-1 double mutant animals [fold change >= 1.5 and false discovery rate (FDR) < 0.05]. Authors then compared the transcriptomes of eak-7;akt-1 double mutants to those of eak-7;akt-1 animals harboring mutations in dpy-21, set-4, daf-16, or daf-12, and identified genes that are differentially expressed in the opposite direction as in wild-type relative to eak-7;akt-1. Annotated gene expression data output from CuffDiff v2.2.1 was read into R version 3.2.1 for six comparisons: eak-7;akt-1 compared to (1) wild-type, (2) daf-16(mu86);eak-7;akt-1, (3) daf-12;eak-7;akt-1, (4) set-4(n4600);eak-7;akt-1, (5) set-4(dp268);eak-7;akt-1, and (6) dpy-21;eak-7;akt-1. Authors filtered genes by the following criteria: (1) status = OK for wild-type vs. eak-7;akt-1, (2) fold change (FC) >= 1.5 or FC <= 1/1.5 for wild-type vs. eak-7;akt-1 and (3) FDR < 0.05 for at least two separate comparisons.	WBPaper00050801:DAF-16_dauer_regulome
	Transcripts that showed significantly increased expression in animals lacking P granules by RNAi experiments targeting pgl-1, pgl-3, glh-1 and glh-4, and unc-119-GFP(+), comparing to in control animals, at 2-day post L4 adult hermaphrodite stage.	DESeq2, Benjamini-Hochberg multiple hypothesis corrected p-value < 0.05 and fold change > 2.	WBPaper00050859:upregulated_P-granule(-)GFP(+)_vs_control_day2-adult
	Transcripts that showed significantly increased expression in animals lacking P granules by RNAi experiments targeting pgl-1, pgl-3, glh-1 and glh-4, and unc-119-GFP(-), comparing to in control animals, at 2-day post L4 adult hermaphrodite stage.	DESeq2, Benjamini-Hochberg multiple hypothesis corrected p-value < 0.05 and fold change > 2.	WBPaper00050859:upregulated_P-granule(-)GFP(-)_vs_control_day2-adult
	Transcripts that showed significantly increased expression in pgl-1(ct131) animals (isolated from SS0002[pgl-1(ct131)him-3(e1147)], comparing to in control animals SS1174, at 1-day post L4 adult hermaphrodite stage.	DESeq2, Benjamini-Hochberg multiple hypothesis corrected p-value < 0.05 and fold change > 2.	WBPaper00050859:upregulated_pgl-1(ct131)_vs_control_day1-adult
Starvation 48 hours at L1 arrest	Transcripts that showed significantly increased expression in starved N2 animals (48 hours at L1 arrest)	Fold change > 2.	WBPaper00064005:starvation_upregulated_N2_mRNA
	Genes with significantly increased expression in eat-2(ad465) treated with 2% DMSO for 72 hours, comparing to in N2 treated with 2% DMSO for 72 hours.	Analysis of gene expression data was carried out with the Affymetrix Transcriptome Analysis Console. Data preprocessing (using RMA normalization) and QC metrics were performed using Affymetrix Expression Console TM and manually inspected afterwards. Expression analysis was carried out for each two pairwise conditions. FDR statistical correction for multiple testing resulted in a slightly lower number of DEGs in most cases. P-value < 0.05 and fold change > 2.0 were used to determine differentially expressed genes.	WBPaper00048989:eat-2(ad465)_upregulated_in-DMSO

7 Expression Patterns

• Primary Identifier: Expr1031612
• Pattern: Tiling arrays expression graphs

• Primary Identifier: Expr2978
• Pattern: GFP expression is restricted to the intestinal tract. This expression pattern is evident from the early larva stage through the adult stage. The GFP fluorescence is detectable throughout the intestinal tract, starting from the pharynx all the way through the anus. The expression level of GFP is significantly greater in the anterior half of the intestine than in the posterior half. This expression pattern was confirmed with at least 10 transgenic animals.

• Primary Identifier: Expr2725
• Remark: Reporter gene fusion type not specified.
• Pattern: Expressed in rectal epithelial cells RepD, RepVL and RepVR. Not expressed in intestino-rectal valve, K, K', U, R, B or Y cells.

• Primary Identifier: Expr1155341
• Pattern: Developmental gene expression time-course. Raw data can be downloaded from ftp://caltech.wormbase.org/pub/wormbase/datasets-published/hashimshony2015

• Primary Identifier: Expr2013853
• Pattern: Single cell embryonic expression. Only cell types with an expression fraction of greater 0.2 of the maximum expressed fraction are labeled (Full data can be downloaded from http://caltech.wormbase.org/pub/wormbase/datasets-published/packer2019/). The colors represent the broad cell class to which the cell type has been assigned. The size of the point is proportional to the log2 of the numbers of cells in the dataset of that cell type. Interactive visualizations are available as a web app (https://cello.shinyapps.io/celegans/) and can also be installed as an R package (https://github.com/qinzhu/VisCello.celegans).

• Primary Identifier: Expr1012678
• Pattern: Developmental gene expression time-course. Raw data can be downloaded from ftp://caltech.wormbase.org/pub/wormbase/datasets-published/levin2012

• Primary Identifier: Expr2032093
• Pattern: Single cell embryonic expression. Only cell types with an expression fraction of greater 0.2 of the maximum expressed fraction are labeled (Full data can be downloaded from http://caltech.wormbase.org/pub/wormbase/datasets-published/packer2019/). The colors represent the broad cell class to which the cell type has been assigned. The size of the point is proportional to the log2 of the numbers of cells in the dataset of that cell type. Interactive visualizations are available as a web app (https://cello.shinyapps.io/celegans/) and can also be installed as an R package (https://github.com/qinzhu/VisCello.celegans).

21 GO Annotation

22 Homologues

1 Locations

• Feature . Primary Identifier: WBGene00003518
• Start: 9038779
• End: 9043300
• Strand: -1

21 Ontology Annotations

0 Regulates Expr Cluster

1 Sequence

• Length: 4522

1 Sequence Ontology Term