WormMine

WS294

Intermine data mining platform for C. elegans and related nematodes

Gene :

WormBase Gene ID  ? WBGene00006794 Gene Name  unc-60
Sequence Name  ? C38C3.5 Brief Description  unc-60 encodes two, tissue-specific isoforms of actin depolymerizing factor(ADF)/cofilin, actin-binding proteins that regulate actin filament dynamics; one UNC-60 isoform, UNC-60A, primarily binds G-actin, depolymerizes actin filaments, and inhibits actin polymerization; UNC-60A is essential during early embryonic development for polar body extrusion, cytokinesis, and embryonic patterning; UNC-60B, which does not inhibit actin polymerization, binds F- and G-actin and influences the rate of actin polymerization by the UNC-60B:actin ratio; UNC-60B is required for actin filament organization in body wall muscle, locomotion, and for efficient actin filament disassembly by UNC-78, an actin interactin protein 1 (AIP1) ortholog; UNC-60A and UNC-60B are differentially expressed: UNC-60A is found in oocytes, embryos, and the adult gonad and intestine, while UNC-60B is found in body wall muscle, the vulva, and spermatheca; unc-60 transcripts undergo muscle-specific pre-mRNA processing, regulated by the ASD-2 and SUP-12 splicing factors.
Organism  Caenorhabditis elegans Automated Description  Enables actin filament binding activity. Involved in several processes, including actin filament-based process; embryo development; and positive regulation of actin filament polymerization. Located in striated muscle thin filament. Part of ribonucleoprotein complex. Expressed in several structures, including germ line; hermaphrodite gonad; intestine; nerve ring; and vulva. Human ortholog(s) of this gene implicated in brain compression; gallbladder carcinoma; and nemaline myopathy 7. Is an ortholog of human CFL2 (cofilin 2).
Biotype  SO:0001217 Genetic Position  V :-18.8768 ±0.017792
Length (nt)  ? 4491
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1 Organism

Name Taxon Id
Caenorhabditis elegans 6239

1 Synonyms

Value
WBGene00006794

Genomics

1 Transcripts

WormMine ID Sequence Name Length (nt) Chromosome Location
Transcript:C38C3.5.1 C38C3.5.1 717   V: 1475086-1479576
 

Other

1 CDSs

WormMine ID Sequence Name Length (nt) Chromosome Location
CDS:C38C3.5 C38C3.5 459   V: 1475139-1475141

17 RNAi Result

WormBase ID
WBRNAi00091275
WBRNAi00089739
WBRNAi00042141
WBRNAi00022968
WBRNAi00088908
WBRNAi00022967
WBRNAi00022966
WBRNAi00022969
WBRNAi00089968
WBRNAi00090128
WBRNAi00090286
WBRNAi00088881
WBRNAi00088860
WBRNAi00114536
WBRNAi00088946
WBRNAi00114535
WBRNAi00114537

103 Allele

Public Name
WBVar01584584
WBVar01584585
WBVar01584582
WBVar01584583
gk963591
gk963553
gk964259
gk963850
r398
gk963899
gk963027
gk964509
s1309
s1310
s1307
s1308
s1331
s1586
s1983
s1986
su158
WBVar01971039
WBVar01971040
gk964132
WBVar00202889
WBVar00202891
WBVar00202890
WBVar00202892
WBVar02023035
gk952929

1 Chromosome

WormBase ID Organism Length (nt)
V Caenorhabditis elegans 20924180  

1 Chromosome Location


Feature . Primary Identifier
Start End Strand
WBGene00006794 1475086 1479576 1

4 Data Sets

Name URL
WormBaseAcedbConverter  
GO Annotation data set  
C. elegans genomic annotations (GFF3 Gene)  
Panther orthologue and paralogue predictions  

1 Downstream Intergenic Region

WormBase ID Name Sequence Name Length (nt) Chromosome Location Organism
intergenic_region_chrV_1479577..1482041   2465 V: 1479577-1482041 Caenorhabditis elegans

169 Expression Clusters

Regulated By Treatment Description Algorithm Primary Identifier
  oocyte proteins identified by two or more unique peptides during proteomics study. In the pooled data set, 1453 C. elegans proteins were identified with a probability >= 0.9 according to ProteinProphet, of which 1165 proteins were identified by more than one unique peptide. WBPaper00038289:oocyte_protein
  Genes with expression altered >= 3-fold in dpy-10(e128) mutants. Data across the wild type series was analyzed using the Significance analysis of Microarrays (SAM) algorithm (to calculate the False Discovery Rate (FDR)). WBPaper00035873:dpy-10_regulated
  Transcripts expressed in neuronal cells, by analyzingfluorescence-activated cell sorted (FACS) neurons. DESeq. False discovry rate (FDR) < 0.1. WBPaper00048988:neuron_expressed
adult vs dauer larva Transcripts that showed differential expression in adult vs dauer lava in N2 animals at 20C. N.A. WBPaper00050488:adult_vs_dauer_regulated_N2_20C
  mRNAs that showed decreased expression in 1 cell mebryo comparing to in oocyte, according to RNAseq analysis. Gaussian error propagation. As cutoff for the up-regulated genes authors used log2 fold change > 1 and P < 0.05 and as cutoff for the down-regulated genes authors used log2 fold change < -1 and P < 0.05. WBPaper00045420:fertilization_downregulated_transcript
  TGF- Dauer pathway adult transcriptional targets. Results obtained by comparing the microarray results of the dauer-constitutive mutants daf-7(e1372), daf-7(m62), and daf-1(m40) with dauer-defective mutants daf-3(mgDf90), daf-5(e1386), and daf-7(e1372);daf-3(mgDf90) double mutants at the permissive temperature, 20C, on the first day of adulthood. SAM WBPaper00031040:TGF-beta_adult_upregulated
Osmotic stress Transcripts that showed significantly altered expression with 500 mM salt (NaCl) vs 100 mM salt when food was present DESeq(version 1.10.1), FDR < 0.05. WBPaper00050726:OsmoticStress_regulated_Food
  Proteins interacting with NHR-49-GFP according to co-IP and LC-MS. N.A. WBPaper00064071:NHR-49_interacting
  Transcripts expressed in the epithelial tissues surrounding the pharynx that includes the arcade and intestinal valve (AIV) cells, according to PAT-Seq analysis using Pbath-15-GFP-3XFLAG mRNA tagging. Cufflinks FPKM value >=1. WBPaper00050990:arcade_intestinal-valve_expressed
  Transcripts expressed in body muscle, according to PAT-Seq analysis using Pmyo-3-GFP-3XFLAG mRNA tagging. Cufflinks FPKM value >=1. WBPaper00050990:body-muscle_expressed
  Transcripts that showed significantly decreased expression at 5-days-post L4 adult N2 hermaphrodites comparing to 1-day-post L4 adult N2 hermaphrodites. DESeq2, fold change > 2, FDR < 0.05 WBPaper00065835:Day5_vs_Day1_downregulated
  Transcripts expressed in GABAergic neuron, according to PAT-Seq analysis using Punc-47-GFP-3XFLAG mRNA tagging. Cufflinks FPKM value >=1. WBPaper00050990:GABAergic-neuron_expressed
  Transcripts that showed significantly decreased expression at 11-days-post L4 adult N2 hermaphrodites comparing to 1-day-post L4 adult N2 hermaphrodites. DESeq2, fold change > 2, FDR < 0.05 WBPaper00065835:Day11_vs_Day1_downregulated
  Transcripts expressed in hypodermis, according to PAT-Seq analysis using Pdpy-7-GFP-3XFLAG mRNA tagging. Cufflinks FPKM value >=1. WBPaper00050990:hypodermis_expressed
  Transcripts expressed in intestine, according to PAT-Seq analysis using Pges-1-GFP-3XFLAG mRNA tagging. Cufflinks FPKM value >=1. WBPaper00050990:intestine_expressed
  Maternal class (M): genes that are called present in at least one of the three PC6 replicates. A modified Welch F statistic was used for ANOVA. For each gene, regressed error estimates were substituted for observed error estimates. The substitution is justified by the lack of consistency among the most and least variable genes at each time point. Regressed error estimates were abundance-dependent pooled error estimates that represented a median error estimate from a window of genes of similar abundance to the gene of interest. A randomization test was used to compute the probability Pg of the observed F statistic for gene g under the null hypothesis that developmental time had no effect on expression. P-values were not corrected for multiple testing. [cgc5767]:expression_class_M
  Transcripts expressed in NMDA neuron, according to PAT-Seq analysis using Pnmr-1-GFP-3XFLAG mRNA tagging. Cufflinks FPKM value >=1. WBPaper00050990:NMDA-neuron_expressed
  Genes up regulated in alg-1(gk214) comparing to in N2. Differential expression was assessed using an empirical Bayes statistics using the eBayes function. WBPaper00040823:alg-1(gk214)_upregulated
  Transcripts expressed in pharynx, according to PAT-Seq analysis using Pmyo-2-GFP-3XFLAG mRNA tagging. Cufflinks FPKM value >=1. WBPaper00050990:pharynx_expressed
  Transcripts expressed in seam cells, according to PAT-Seq analysis using Pgrd-10-GFP-3XFLAG mRNA tagging. Cufflinks FPKM value >=1. WBPaper00050990:seam_expressed
  Transcripts that showed significantly decreased expression in day 3 adult hermaphrodite comparing to in L4 larva daf-16(mu86);glp-1(e2141) animals. Fold change > 2, FDR < 0.05 WBPaper00064088:Day-3-adult_vs_L4_downregulated_daf-16(mu86);glp-1(e2141)
  Transcripts that showed significantly decreased expression in day 3 adult hermaphrodite comparing to in L4 larva glp-1(e2141) animals. Fold change > 2, FDR < 0.05 WBPaper00064088:Day-3-adult_vs_L4_downregulated_glp-1(e2141)
  Transcripts that showed significantly increased expression after 24 hours of induction of human beta Amyloid at young adult stage A 2-fold change in expression level and a false discovery rate analog of p < 0.05. WBPaper00064130:Beta-Amyloid_24h_upregulated_mRNA
  Strictly maternal class (SM): genes that are the subset of maternal genes that are not also classified as embryonic. A modified Welch F statistic was used for ANOVA. For each gene, regressed error estimates were substituted for observed error estimates. The substitution is justified by the lack of consistency among the most and least variable genes at each time point. Regressed error estimates were abundance-dependent pooled error estimates that represented a median error estimate from a window of genes of similar abundance to the gene of interest. A randomization test was used to compute the probability Pg of the observed F statistic for gene g under the null hypothesis that developmental time had no effect on expression. P-values were not corrected for multiple testing. [cgc5767]:expression_class_SM
  Transcripts that showed significantly increased expression in sin-3(tm1276) comparing to in N2. DESeq2, fold change > 2, p-value < 0.01. WBPaper00061203:sin-3(tm1276)_upregulated
  Transcripts that showed significantly altered expression after 24 hour exposure to stavudine (d4T) starting at L1 lava stage. DESeq WBPaper00053302:stavudine_24h_regulated
  Transcripts that showed significantly decreased expression in sin-3(tm1276) comparing to in N2 at early embryo when there were only 3 -5 eggs in the adult. DESeq2, fold change > 2, adjusted p-value < 0.01 WBPaper00058598:sin-3(tm1276)_downregulated
  Transcripts detected in body muscle nuclei according to a nuclear FACS-based strategy. Cufflinks WBPaper00065120:body-muscle-transcriptome
  Transcripts that showed significantly increased expression in animals with germline-specific inx-14(RNAi) comparing to in aniamls fed with control vector, both exposed to PA14 infection. DESeq2. Differentially-expressed genes (DEG) were identified based on two criteria: FDR (False discovery rateusing Benjamini-Hochberg adjusted p-values) < 0.01 and absolute value of log2(Fold Change) > 1. WBPaper00066146:germline-inx-14(RNAi)_upregulated_PA14
  Transcripts that showed significantly altered expression at URX, AQR, and PQR neurons in camt-1(ok515) animals comparing to in wild type AX1888-1 strain. RNA-seq data were mapped using PRAGUI - a Python 3-based pipeline for RNA-seq data analysis. WBPaper00061902:camt-1(ok515)_regulated_URX-AQR-PQR

11 Expression Patterns

Remark Reporter Gene Primary Identifier Pattern Subcellular Localization
Picture: Figure 5.   Expr4808   Detailed immunolocalization studies revealed a preferential localization of UNC-87 to the center of the I-band region, whereas it was found to be absent from the distal edges of the thin filaments. Double staining of UNC-87 and actin showed a similar striated localization patterns for both proteins with no detectable signal at the dense bodies in the center of the striations. However, the band of UNC-87 was slightly narrower than that of actin, indicating that UNC-87 is absent from the distal portions of the thin filaments (near the pointed ends of the actin filaments). By contrast, CeTM has been shown previously to localize to the distal portion of the thin filaments, and, double staining of CeTM and UNC-87 indeed identified CeTM at the istal portion and UNC-87 at the central portion of the actin bands, albeit with some overlap. UNC-60B localized to the center of the actin bands between dense bodies, together with UNC-87. However, with the exception of this partial overlap, UNC-87 and UNC-60B mostly localized to different regions of the thin filaments.
    Expr1864 Expressed in muscle. Both UNC-60B and CeTM became detectable in muscle cells at a very early stage of muscle development (~290 min), nearly at the same time. At the comma stage (290350 min), both UNC-60B and CeTM are diffusely localized in the cytoplasm and positions of nuclei are devoid of staining. After the 1.5-fold stage (~430 min), CeTM was gradually localized to a narrow region which represented myo-fibrils as determined by double staining with anti-actin antibody, whereas UNC-60B remained in the diffuse cytoplasm. This differential localization of UNC-60B and CeTM was maintained throughout the later embryonic development. In adult body wall muscle, CeTM and UNC-60B were also localized to different regions of thin filaments. Interestingly, the staining patterns of CeTM and actin were different. CeTM was localized in linear patterns, whereas actin was localized in ladder-like patterns in which the regions of dense bodies were devoid of staining. UNC-60B was stained as dotted lines between two lines of CeTM with little overlapping zones. Double staining of actin and UNC-60B showed that UNC-60B was localized to the central areas of the actin ladders between dense bodies. Double staining of vinculin, as a marker for dense bodies, and UNC-60B revealed that UNC-60B filled the gaps between dense bodies but was not colocalized with them. The shape of the UNC-60Bpositive dots was irregular, suggesting that association of UNC-60B with myofibrils is unstable and dynamic.
Picture: Fig. 2. The myoepithelial-sheath cells are smooth-muscle-like cells that surround oocytes at the proximal gonad.   Expr8233   Immunofluorescent signals of UNC-60A was detected in the myoepithelial-sheath cells, which are also positive for MyoA myosin heavy chain, although the UNC-60A signals were much weaker than those in the oocytes (note that signals in the oocytes are saturated). Occasionally, authors found areas in which anti-UNC-60A antibody penetrated only into the myoepithelial sheath but not into the oocytes and were able to observe punctate localization of UNC-60A. These puncta localized along with filamentous actin.
    Expr2036029 Single cell embryonic expression. Only cell types with an expression fraction of greater 0.2 of the maximum expressed fraction are labeled (Full data can be downloaded from http://caltech.wormbase.org/pub/wormbase/datasets-published/packer2019/). The colors represent the broad cell class to which the cell type has been assigned. The size of the point is proportional to the log2 of the numbers of cells in the dataset of that cell type. Interactive visualizations are available as a web app (https://cello.shinyapps.io/celegans/) and can also be installed as an R package (https://github.com/qinzhu/VisCello.celegans).  
    Expr1032864 Tiling arrays expression graphs  
    Expr2543 In adult worms, UNC-60A was highly expressed in the intestine, germ cells in the distal gonad, oocytes and spermatheca but not in body wall muscle. UNC-60B was expressed in body wall muscle, vulva and spermatheca. Both ADF/cofilin isoforms were not detected in the smooth-muscle-like myoepithelial sheath cells. It was previously demonstrated that UNC-60B is not expressed in early embryos and become detectable from the comma to 1.5-fold stages (approximately 290 minutes after first cell division) only in the body wall muscle cells. UNC-60A was maternally expressed and present in most of embryonic cells throughout embryogenesis. In the later stages, staining of UNC-60A in the nerve ring became intense. At the one-cell stage, UNC-60A was diffuse in the cytoplasm and localized to no particular structure. Actin was localized throughout the cortex as well as in the diffuse cytoplasm and assembled at the early cleavage site in the telophase of the first mitosis, whereas UNC-60A did not significantly accumulate in these structures. During progression of cytokinesis and after the two-cell stage, association of UNC-60A with the cortical regions, especially at the cell-cell boundaries became evident. In addition, UNC-60A was colocalized with actin to dot-like structures at the anterior cortex of each blastomere. These are believed to be remnants of cell division. UNC-60B is diffusely localized in the cytoplasm of the embryonic body wall muscle in the later stages. In adult worms, localization of the nuclei of the gonad by DAPI indicated that both UNC-60A and UNC-60B were mostly localized to the cytoplasm. Also, they were undetectable in sperm, which does not have an actomyosin system.
No GO_term assigned.   Expr1280 UNC-60B was expressed in embryonic body wall muscle cells. Although weak maternal expression of UNC-60B was observed, its expression was remarkably upregulated in developing body wall muscle cells from the 1.5-fold stage. As myofibrils are assembled beneath the hypodermis in two- to 3-fold stages, UNC-60B was localized both in diffuse cytoplasm and striated myofibrils . The spindle-shaped outline of the muscle cells were visible by the UNC-60B staining, but the nuclei were devoid of staining. The staining of UNC-60B in body wall muscle cells was diffuse and wider than the staining of actin.
    Expr11655 At the time of invasion GFP::UNC-60A was present throughout the uterine tissue and at elevated levels in the anchor cell (1.35-fold greater levels versus neighboring uterine cells; n = 11 animals examined). GFP::UNC-60A was also more enriched at the invasive cell membrane (1.29-fold enrichment vs. 0.75-fold for neighboring uterine cells; n = 11 animals examined). GFP::UNC-60A localized in punctate structures at the AC-basement membrane interface before invasion. To determine whether these structures were invadopodia, their localization was examined relative to F-actin and basement membrane breaching. A tight correlation between F-actin localization and UNC-60A enrichment at the AC-basement membrane interface was observed, as well as localization to the invadopodium that breached the basement membrane. Further, UNC-60A localization to the AC-basement membrane interface was dependent on the integrin INA-1/PAT-3, whose activity is required for invasion and promotes the localization of other invadopodia constituents. Thus, UNC-60A is a component of AC invadopodia.
    Expr1146143 Developmental gene expression time-course. Raw data can be downloaded from ftp://caltech.wormbase.org/pub/wormbase/datasets-published/hashimshony2015  
    Expr2017893 Single cell embryonic expression. Only cell types with an expression fraction of greater 0.2 of the maximum expressed fraction are labeled (Full data can be downloaded from http://caltech.wormbase.org/pub/wormbase/datasets-published/packer2019/). The colors represent the broad cell class to which the cell type has been assigned. The size of the point is proportional to the log2 of the numbers of cells in the dataset of that cell type. Interactive visualizations are available as a web app (https://cello.shinyapps.io/celegans/) and can also be installed as an R package (https://github.com/qinzhu/VisCello.celegans).  
    Expr1027412 Developmental gene expression time-course. Raw data can be downloaded from ftp://caltech.wormbase.org/pub/wormbase/datasets-published/levin2012  

22 GO Annotation

Annotation Extension Qualifier
  involved_in
  involved_in
  enables
  enables
  enables
  enables
  involved_in
  involved_in
  involved_in
  involved_in
  involved_in
  involved_in
  involved_in
  involved_in
  part_of
  located_in
  located_in
  located_in
  located_in
  located_in
  involved_in
  involved_in

19 Homologues

Type
orthologue
orthologue
orthologue
orthologue
orthologue
orthologue
orthologue
orthologue
orthologue
orthologue
least diverged orthologue
least diverged orthologue
least diverged orthologue
orthologue
orthologue
least diverged orthologue
orthologue
least diverged orthologue
least diverged orthologue

1 Locations


Feature . Primary Identifier
Start End Strand
WBGene00006794 1475086 1479576 1

22 Ontology Annotations

Annotation Extension Qualifier
  involved_in
  involved_in
  enables
  enables
  enables
  enables
  involved_in
  involved_in
  involved_in
  involved_in
  involved_in
  involved_in
  involved_in
  involved_in
  part_of
  located_in
  located_in
  located_in
  located_in
  located_in
  involved_in
  involved_in

0 Regulates Expr Cluster

1 Sequence

Length
4491

1 Sequence Ontology Term