WormMine: Gene WBGene00012276

• WormBase Gene ID: WBGene00012276
• Gene Name: his-74
• Sequence Name: W05B10.1
• Organism: Caenorhabditis elegans
• Automated Description: Predicted to enable DNA binding activity and protein heterodimerization activity. Predicted to be a structural constituent of chromatin. Predicted to be located in nucleus. Predicted to be part of nucleosome. Expressed in male.
• Biotype: SO:0001217
• Genetic Position: V :4.60977 ±0.001624
• Length (nt): 627

1 Organism

• Name: Caenorhabditis elegans
• Taxon Id: 6239

1 Synonyms

• Value: WBGene00012276

Genomics

1 Transcripts

WormMine ID	Sequence Name	Length (nt)	Chromosome Location
Transcript:W05B10.1.1	W05B10.1.1	580	V: 12659704-12660330

Other

1 CDSs

WormMine ID	Sequence Name	Length (nt)	Chromosome Location
CDS:W05B10.1	W05B10.1	411	V: 12659869-12659997

12 RNAi Result

• WBRNAi00054803
• WBRNAi00026492
• WBRNAi00019610
• WBRNAi00036289
• WBRNAi00068694
• WBRNAi00068691
• WBRNAi00068692
• WBRNAi00068693
• WBRNAi00061530
• WBRNAi00027496
• WBRNAi00069063
• WBRNAi00069064

19 Allele

• gk963271
• gk963301
• gk964458
• gk964459
• gk963618
• gk963693
• gk520608
• gk619256
• gk617466
• gk936371
• gk453192
• gk603106
• gk324986
• gk693867
• gk884555
• gk629908
• gk250048
• WBVar00010180
• ok1219

1 Chromosome

• WormBase ID: V
• Organism: Caenorhabditis elegans
• Length (nt): 20924180

1 Chromosome Location

• Feature . Primary Identifier: WBGene00012276
• Start: 12659704
• End: 12660330
• Strand: -1

4 Data Sets

• WormBaseAcedbConverter
• GO Annotation data set
• C. elegans genomic annotations (GFF3 Gene)
• Panther orthologue and paralogue predictions

1 Downstream Intergenic Region

• WormBase ID: intergenic_region_chrV_12659688..12659703
• Length (nt): 16
• Chromosome Location: V: 12659688-12659703
• Organism: Caenorhabditis elegans

181 Expression Clusters

Regulated By Treatment	Description	Algorithm	Primary Identifier
	oocyte proteins identified by two or more unique peptides during proteomics study.	In the pooled data set, 1453 C. elegans proteins were identified with a probability >= 0.9 according to ProteinProphet, of which 1165 proteins were identified by more than one unique peptide.	WBPaper00038289:oocyte_protein
	Transcripts of coding genes that showed significantly decreased expression in muscle.	DESeq2 (version 1.24.0). Transcripts with a false-discovery rate adjusted p-value less than 0.05 were considered significantly differentially expressed.	WBPaper00062325:muscle_depleted_coding-RNA
	Transcripts expressed in neuronal cells, by analyzingfluorescence-activated cell sorted (FACS) neurons.	DESeq. False discovry rate (FDR) < 0.1.	WBPaper00048988:neuron_expressed
adult vs dauer larva	Transcripts that showed differential expression in adult vs dauer lava in N2 animals at 20C.	N.A.	WBPaper00050488:adult_vs_dauer_regulated_N2_20C
Osmotic stress	Transcripts that showed significantly altered expression with 500 mM salt (NaCl) vs 100 mM salt when food was present	DESeq(version 1.10.1), FDR < 0.05.	WBPaper00050726:OsmoticStress_regulated_Food
	Proteins interacting with NHR-49-GFP according to co-IP and LC-MS.	N.A.	WBPaper00064071:NHR-49_interacting
	Maternal class (M): genes that are called present in at least one of the three PC6 replicates.	A modified Welch F statistic was used for ANOVA. For each gene, regressed error estimates were substituted for observed error estimates. The substitution is justified by the lack of consistency among the most and least variable genes at each time point. Regressed error estimates were abundance-dependent pooled error estimates that represented a median error estimate from a window of genes of similar abundance to the gene of interest. A randomization test was used to compute the probability Pg of the observed F statistic for gene g under the null hypothesis that developmental time had no effect on expression. P-values were not corrected for multiple testing.	[cgc5767]:expression_class_M
	Genes with expression level regulated by genotype (N2 vs CB4856) and age at old adults stage (214 hours at 24 centigrade).	For model 2, authors used 100 permutations to estimate the FDR threshold. Per permutation, genotypes and ages were independently randomly distributed, keeping the among-gene structure intact. Then for each spot (23,232) on the array, model 2 was tested. The obtained P-values were used to estimate a threshold for each of the explanatory factors. Authors also used a genome-wide threshold of -log10 P-value = 2, which resembles an FDR of 0.072 and 0.060 for marker and the interaction age-marker for the developing worms and FDR of 0.050 and 0.065 for marker and age-marker for the aging worms. For the physiological age effect, authors used a log10 P-value = 8 in developing worms (0.012 FDR) and -log10 P-value = 6 (0.032 FDR).	WBPaper00040858:eQTL_age_regulated_aging
	Transcripts that showed significantly increased expression in day 1 adult hermaphrodite comparing to in L4 larva fem-3(q20) animals.	Fold change > 2, FDR < 0.05	WBPaper00064088:Day-1-adult_vs_L4_upregulated_fem-3(q20)
	Genes with expression level regulated by genotype (N2 vs CB4856) at L3 larva and Late reproduction stage (96 hours at 24 centigrade).	For model 2, authors used 100 permutations to estimate the FDR threshold. Per permutation, genotypes and ages were independently randomly distributed, keeping the among-gene structure intact. Then for each spot (23,232) on the array, model 2 was tested. The obtained P-values were used to estimate a threshold for each of the explanatory factors. Authors also used a genome-wide threshold of -log10 P-value = 2, which resembles an FDR of 0.072 and 0.060 for marker and the interaction age-marker for the developing worms and FDR of 0.050 and 0.065 for marker and age-marker for the aging worms. For the physiological age effect, authors used a log10 P-value = 8 in developing worms (0.012 FDR) and -log10 P-value = 6 (0.032 FDR).	WBPaper00040858:eQTL_regulated_developing
	Transcripts that showed significantly increased expression in day 3 adult hermaphrodite comparing to in L4 larva fem-3(q20) animals.	Fold change > 2, FDR < 0.05	WBPaper00064088:Day-3-adult_vs_L4_upregulated_fem-3(q20)
	Strictly maternal class (SM): genes that are the subset of maternal genes that are not also classified as embryonic.	A modified Welch F statistic was used for ANOVA. For each gene, regressed error estimates were substituted for observed error estimates. The substitution is justified by the lack of consistency among the most and least variable genes at each time point. Regressed error estimates were abundance-dependent pooled error estimates that represented a median error estimate from a window of genes of similar abundance to the gene of interest. A randomization test was used to compute the probability Pg of the observed F statistic for gene g under the null hypothesis that developmental time had no effect on expression. P-values were not corrected for multiple testing.	[cgc5767]:expression_class_SM
Bacteria diet: Sphingomonas aquatilis Yellow. Fed for 30 generations.	Transcripts that showed significantly decreased expression after fed by bacteria Sphingomonas aquatilis (Yellow) for 30 generations comparing to animals fed by E. coli OP50.	DESeq2 fold change > 2, p-value < 0.01.	WBPaper00061007:S.aquatilis_downregulated
Bacteria infection: Bacillus thuringiensis	mRNAs that showed significantly decreased expression after pathogenic bacteria Bacillus thuringiensis infections comparing to non pathogenic BT (BT247(1 to 10 mix) vs BT407 6h), according to RNAseq.	Cuffdiff, ajusted p-value < 0.01.	WBPaper00046497:B.thuringiensis_0.1mix_downregulated_6h
	Transcripts that showed significantly decreased expression in hsp-6(mg585) comparing to in N2 at L4 larva stage.	EdgeR, fold change > 2, FDR < 0.001.	WBPaper00056290:hsp-6(mg585)_downregulated
Transgeneration hypoxia treatment.	Transcripts that are significantly upregulated in F1 animals after P0 parents were exposed to 0.1% oxygen for 16 hours at L4 larva stage.	For calling the significant differentially expressed genes (DEGs),the false discovery rate (FDR) after multiple testing correction was set as 0.05 and analyzed in edgeR.	WBPaper00064871:hypoxia_upregulated_F1
	Transcripts that showed significantly altered expression after 24 hour exposure to stavudine (d4T) starting at L1 lava stage.	DESeq	WBPaper00053302:stavudine_24h_regulated
	Genes down regulated by mir-243(n4759).	RNAs that changed at least 2-fold with a probability of p > 0.05 in three biological replicates were considered differentially regulated between wild-type and mir-243.	WBPaper00036130:mir-243_down_regulated
25C vs. 20C	Transcripts that showed significantly increased expression in 1-day post L4 adult hermaphrodite N2 grown at 25C, comparing to in N2 animals grown at 20C.	CuffDiff, fold change > 2.	WBPaper00065096:25C_vs_20C_upregulated
	Transcripts that showed significantly increased expression in 10-days post L4 adult hermaphrodite N2 grown at 20C, comparing to in 1-day post L4 adult hermaphrodite N2 animals grown at 20C.	CuffDiff, fold change > 2.	WBPaper00065096:Day10_vs_Day1_upregulated
Bacteria infection: Pseudomonas aeruginosa PA14. 24 hours of exposure at 25C.	Transcripts that showed significantly increased expression in N2 animals with 24 hours of exposure to P. aeruginosa PA14 for 24 hrs at 25C, comparing to N2 animals without exposure to PA14.	DESeq2, fold change > 2, FDR < 0.05.	WBPaper00058948:PA14_upregulated
Temprature shift to 28C for 24 hours.	Transcripts that showed significantly decreased expression after animals were exposed to 28C temperature for 24 hours.	Differentially expressed genes wereidentified using DESeq (v.1.18.0) by normalizing readsbased on the negative binomial distribution method andcomparing each HS timepoint to the 0-h control.	WBPaper00061341:28C_24h_downregulated
	Transcripts that showed significantly decreased expression in tetraploid N2 comparing to diploid N2 animals at L4 larva stage.	DESeq2 R package (1.20.0), fold change > 2, and FDR < 0.05.	WBPaper00066110:tetraploid_vs_diploid_downregulated
	Transcripts that showed significantly increased expression in mbl-1(syb4318), referred to as mbl-1short(ex7-), comparing to in N2 at L4 larva stage.	DESeq2, Fold change > 2 and FDR < 0.05	WBPaper00066410:mbl-1(syb4318)_upregulated
	Genes that showed expression levels higher than the corresponding reference sample (embryonic 0hr reference).	A Mann-Whitney U test with an empirical background model and FDR correction for multiple testing was used to detect expressed transcripts (Benjamini and Hochberg 1995). Genes and TARs with an FDR <= 0.05 were reported as expressed above background. Authors detected differentially expressed transcripts using a method based on linear models. Genes and TARs were called differentially expressed if the FDR was <= 0.05 and the fold change (FC) >= 2.0. To more strictly correct for potential false-positives resulting from multiple sample comparisons, authors divided individual FDR estimates by the number of samplesor sample comparisons, respectively. This resulted in an adjusted FDR of 1.3 * 0.0001 for expression above background and of 7.4 * 0.0001 for differential expression. Authors called genes selectively enriched in a given tissue if they met the following requirements: (1) enriched expression in a given tissue (FDR <= 0.05 and FC >= 2.0), (2) fold change versus reference among the upper 40% of the positive FC range observed for this gene across all tissues, and (3) fold-change entropy among the lower 40% of the distribution observed for all genes.	WBPaper00037950:germline-precursors_blastula-embryo_expressed
	Transcripts that showed significantly decreased expression in rbr-2(tm3141) comparing to in N2 animals.	Mapped reads were analyzed for transcript assembly and differential expression using Cufflinks 2.1.1 with a filter of twofold difference and FDR correction (P < 0.05).	WBPaper00050080:rbr-2(tm3141)_downregulated
	Genes that showed expression levels higher than the corresponding reference sample (L3/L4 all cell reference).	A Mann-Whitney U test with an empirical background model and FDR correction for multiple testing was used to detect expressed transcripts (Benjamini and Hochberg 1995). Genes and TARs with an FDR <= 0.05 were reported as expressed above background. Authors detected differentially expressed transcripts using a method based on linear models. Genes and TARs were called differentially expressed if the FDR was <= 0.05 and the fold change (FC) >= 2.0. To more strictly correct for potential false-positives resulting from multiple sample comparisons, authors divided individual FDR estimates by the number of samplesor sample comparisons, respectively. This resulted in an adjusted FDR of 1.3 * 0.0001 for expression above background and of 7.4 * 0.0001 for differential expression. Authors called genes selectively enriched in a given tissue if they met the following requirements: (1) enriched expression in a given tissue (FDR <= 0.05 and FC >= 2.0), (2) fold change versus reference among the upper 40% of the positive FC range observed for this gene across all tissues, and (3) fold-change entropy among the lower 40% of the distribution observed for all genes.	WBPaper00037950:hypodermis_L3-L4-larva_expressed
	Genes that showed expression levels higher than the corresponding reference sample (L3/L4 all cell reference).	A Mann-Whitney U test with an empirical background model and FDR correction for multiple testing was used to detect expressed transcripts (Benjamini and Hochberg 1995). Genes and TARs with an FDR <= 0.05 were reported as expressed above background. Authors detected differentially expressed transcripts using a method based on linear models. Genes and TARs were called differentially expressed if the FDR was <= 0.05 and the fold change (FC) >= 2.0. To more strictly correct for potential false-positives resulting from multiple sample comparisons, authors divided individual FDR estimates by the number of samplesor sample comparisons, respectively. This resulted in an adjusted FDR of 1.3 * 0.0001 for expression above background and of 7.4 * 0.0001 for differential expression. Authors called genes selectively enriched in a given tissue if they met the following requirements: (1) enriched expression in a given tissue (FDR <= 0.05 and FC >= 2.0), (2) fold change versus reference among the upper 40% of the positive FC range observed for this gene across all tissues, and (3) fold-change entropy among the lower 40% of the distribution observed for all genes.	WBPaper00037950:PVD-OLL-neurons_L3-L4-larva_expressed
Bacteria infection: Streptococcus gordonii	Transcripts that showed significantly decreased expression after L4 larva animals were exposed to wild type S. gordonii for 2-3 hours, comparing to animals exposed to S. gordonii delta-spxB.	Fold change > 2, FDR corrected p-value < 0.05.	WBPaper00055049:S.gordonii_downregulated
	Transcripts that showed significantly increased expression in ilc-17.1(syb5296) comparing to in N2 animals at L4 larva stage.	DESeq2, fold change > 2, FDR < 0.05.	WBPaper00066594:ilc-17.1(syb5296)_upregulated

7 Expression Patterns

• Primary Identifier: Expr15138
• Pattern: Strikingly, analysis of the previously uncharacterized H3.3 homologs revealed that his-70 and his-74 show germ line-restricted expression patterns. His-74 expression is restricted to the germ line at all stages of development in both males and hermaphrodites. HIS-74::GFP is only faintly visible in early embryos, and robustly reappears in the primordial germ cells (PGCs; the germ line precursor cells that will give rise to the entire germ line of the worm) and faintly in some cells surrounding the PGCs.

• Primary Identifier: Expr1158345
• Pattern: Developmental gene expression time-course. Raw data can be downloaded from ftp://caltech.wormbase.org/pub/wormbase/datasets-published/hashimshony2015

• Primary Identifier: Expr2030723
• Pattern: Single cell embryonic expression. Only cell types with an expression fraction of greater 0.2 of the maximum expressed fraction are labeled (Full data can be downloaded from http://caltech.wormbase.org/pub/wormbase/datasets-published/packer2019/). The colors represent the broad cell class to which the cell type has been assigned. The size of the point is proportional to the log2 of the numbers of cells in the dataset of that cell type. Interactive visualizations are available as a web app (https://cello.shinyapps.io/celegans/) and can also be installed as an R package (https://github.com/qinzhu/VisCello.celegans).

• Primary Identifier: Expr2012484
• Pattern: Single cell embryonic expression. Only cell types with an expression fraction of greater 0.2 of the maximum expressed fraction are labeled (Full data can be downloaded from http://caltech.wormbase.org/pub/wormbase/datasets-published/packer2019/). The colors represent the broad cell class to which the cell type has been assigned. The size of the point is proportional to the log2 of the numbers of cells in the dataset of that cell type. Interactive visualizations are available as a web app (https://cello.shinyapps.io/celegans/) and can also be installed as an R package (https://github.com/qinzhu/VisCello.celegans).

• Primary Identifier: Expr1026281
• Pattern: Developmental gene expression time-course. Raw data can be downloaded from ftp://caltech.wormbase.org/pub/wormbase/datasets-published/levin2012

• Primary Identifier: Expr15140
• Pattern: HIS-72 and HIS-74 are visible on the condensed chromatin in the mitotic, transition, and pachytene zones. The signal of both proteins is depleted from one region of the chromatin in pachytene nuclei, as previously noted for HIS-72 (Ooi et al. 2006). Both proteins are depleted from the X chromosomes in these cells. During diakinesis, both HIS-72 and HIS-74 remain chromatin associated, but there are also high levels of the nonchromatin-associated protein in the nucleoplasm, obscuring the chromosomal GFP signal, as previously shown for HIS-72 (Ooi et al. 2006). The similarities of expression patterns and chroma- tin association suggest that the broad chromosomal incorporation in germ cells is similar for both proteins.
• Subcellular Localization: HIS-72 and HIS-74 are visible on the condensed chromatin in the mitotic, transition, and pachytene zones. The signal of both proteins is depleted from one region of the chromatin in pachytene nuclei, as previously noted for HIS-72 (Ooi et al. 2006). Both proteins are depleted from the X chromosomes in these cells. During diakinesis, both HIS-72 and HIS-74 remain chromatin associated, but there are also high levels of the nonchromatin-associated protein in the nucleoplasm, obscuring the chromosomal GFP signal, as previously shown for HIS-72 (Ooi et al. 2006). The similarities of expression patterns and chroma- tin association suggest that the broad chromosomal incorporation in germ cells is similar for both proteins.

• Primary Identifier: Expr1035437
• Pattern: Tiling arrays expression graphs

11 GO Annotation

13 Homologues

1 Locations

• Feature . Primary Identifier: WBGene00012276
• Start: 12659704
• End: 12660330
• Strand: -1

11 Ontology Annotations

4 Regulates Expr Cluster

Regulated By Treatment	Description	Algorithm	Primary Identifier
	Transcripts that showed significantly increased expression in H3.3 null mutant animals (FAS43 [his-69&his-70(uge44) III; his-72(tm2066) III; his-74(uge18) V; his-71(ok2289) X]) comparing to in N2 animals at embryo stage.	Differentially expressed genes were estimated using a General Linear Model approach, negative binomial distribution, and a quasi-likelihood F-test. Genes with a P-value < 0.05 and fold change > 1 were considered significant.	WBPaper00054191:H3.3(null)_embryo_upregulated
	Transcripts that showed significantly increased expression in H3.3 null mutant animals (FAS43 [his-69&his-70(uge44) III; his-72(tm2066) III; his-74(uge18) V; his-71(ok2289) X]) comparing to in N2 animals at L1 larva stage.	Differentially expressed genes were estimated using a General Linear Model approach, negative binomial distribution, and a quasi-likelihood F-test. Genes with a P-value < 0.05 and fold change > 1 were considered significant.	WBPaper00054191:H3.3(null)_L1_upregulated
	Transcripts that showed significantly decreased expression in H3.3 null mutant animals (FAS43 [his-69&his-70(uge44) III; his-72(tm2066) III; his-74(uge18) V; his-71(ok2289) X]) comparing to in N2 animals at L1 larva stage.	Differentially expressed genes were estimated using a General Linear Model approach, negative binomial distribution, and a quasi-likelihood F-test. Genes with a P-value < 0.05 and fold change > 1 were considered significant.	WBPaper00054191:H3.3(null)_L1_downregulated
	Transcripts that showed significantly decreased expression in H3.3 null mutant animals (FAS43 [his-69&his-70(uge44) III; his-72(tm2066) III; his-74(uge18) V; his-71(ok2289) X]) comparing to in N2 animals at embryo stage.	Differentially expressed genes were estimated using a General Linear Model approach, negative binomial distribution, and a quasi-likelihood F-test. Genes with a P-value < 0.05 and fold change > 1 were considered significant.	WBPaper00054191:H3.3(null)_embryo_downregulated

1 Sequence

• Length: 627

1 Sequence Ontology Term