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Expr4559
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In the adult, unc-27gfp (bxEx97), a rescuing reporter, is expressed exclusively in body-wall muscles, inner and outer longitudinal muscles, anal depressor, sphincter, and male-specific diagonal muscles. GFP expression is first detected in the 3-fold embryo in embryonic body-wall muscles and is maintained after hatching into the adult stage. |
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Picture: Fig. 1, A and C; Table 1. |
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Expr8268
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Expression of SHL-1 was observed in posterior intestine, body wall muscle, vulval muscle, male-specific diagonal muscles, and a variety of motor neurons, interneurons, and sensory neurons. |
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Most of the tissues expressing rcn-1 overlap with those observed in calcineurin GFP and by immunostaining, including lateral hypodermal cells, vulva muscle tissue, nerve cords, and diverse neuronal expression. Reporter gene fusion type not specified. |
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Expr2548
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GFP analysis of the transformed animals revealed that rcn-1 is expressed from late embryonic stages to adulthood in diverse tissues, including lateral hypodermal cells, marginal cells of the pharynx, vulva epithelial cells, ventral and dorsal nerve cords and commissures, and various neurons in the anterior and posterior portions of the worm. Male C. elegans displayed rcn-1 expression in male tail structures including the diagonal muscles, sensory rays, and spicules. GFP expression analysis of a shorter 1.6 kb 50 upstream fragment of rcn-1 revealed vulva muscle expression in addition to the aforementioned expression patterns. |
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Reporter gene fusion type not specified. |
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Expr1542
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LacZ activity was shown throughout the nervous system at all larva stages and in adults. Virtually all neurons showed goa-1 expression, including HSN. Some non-neuronal types also express goa-1, such as vulva, uterine muscles in the hermaphrodite, the diagonal muscles in the male, most cells of the pharynx, the distal tip cells in the adult hermaphrodite, and the intestinal muscle. GFP construct confirmed this expression pattern. |
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Expr3278
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In the embryo, the upstream promoter (ten-1a) is most active in the descendants of the C and EMS blastomers. During postembryonic development, GFP expression was detected in the pharynx, gut, coelomocytes, posterior body wall muscles, vulva muscles in hermaphrodites, and diagonal muscles in males. The ten-1a promoter is also active in some hypodermal cells including the hyp-11 cell, hypodermal seam cells, and rectal hypodermis. In the somatic gonad, it is active throughout its development starting with z1 and z4 cells in the embryo. During gonad development, it is expressed in the distal tip cells and the linker cell in males, in gonad and spermatheca sheath cells, and the utse cells of the uterus. In males, ten-1a is active in the vas deferens and spicule socket cells. Furthermore, GFP expression in DVB neurons and a few ring interneurons could be detected. |
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Expr13197
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Expression of Pcdc-25.2::gfp was observed in seam cells during the male larval developmental stages. Furthermore, the Pcdc-25.2::gfp signals were broadly expressed throughout development in multiple male somatic tissues, including pharynx, ventral nerve cord, body muscles, diagonal muscles, nervous system, and hypodermis. |
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Expr2733
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UNC-45 function. In this transgenic line, GFP expression is detected in all muscle cells examined, including body wall muscle cells, pharyngeal muscle cells, anal-intestinal muscle cells, gonad sheath muscle cells, and sex-specific muscle cells in both males and hermaphrodites. This supports a general role of UNC-45 in development and function of all muscles. |
The GFP expression pattern resembles the pattern of A-bands of thick filaments. To confirm this, the same field was examined under polarized light microscopy and an identical pattern was seen. This indicates that functional UNC-45::GFP is associated with thick filaments in body wall muscles. |
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Expr1222
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In adult animals, GFP signal was found in all body wall muscle cells, in the three pharyngeal cells pm5 and in the anal sphincter muscle. A weak expression was observed in four of the eight vulval muscle cells (vm1) whereas in males, GFP was expressed in diagonal and spicule muscles. GFP was expressed also in three pairs of cephalic sensory neurons located in anterior (two pairs) and dorsal (one pair) head ganglia, respectively. These neurons possessed endings in the labial region and were identified as the outer lateral labial cells (OLL) and the four sensory cephalic neurons CEP (the ventral CEP pair is ventral and anterior to the nerve ring, the dorsal CEP pair is posterior to the nerve ring). During development, GFP was detected in embryos at the 1-1/2-fold stage, in one muscle quadrant. For larval stages, an expression pattern similar to that in adults was observed, but in early L1, a strong signal was detected in the mesodermal M cell in the mid-part of the body. |
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[ser-2::gfp] transcriptional fusion constructs. Ser-2 reporter constructs were generated by using a PCR fusion protocol, using pPD95.75 as a template for green fluorescent protein (gfp). For all gfp fusion primers listed, gfp vector sequence is indicated in lowercase, and gene-specific sequence is indicated in uppercase. [ser-2::gfp] translational fusion. A translational fusion of the whole ser-2 locus to gfp was created by using an in vivo recombination technique. Specifically, two overlapping PCR fragments, one containing the 5' part of a locus, the other containing the remainder of the locus PCR-fused to gfp, were coinjected into the worm. Recombination of these two fragments via the homologous region leads to the expression of a full-length ser-2::gfp fusion. |
Expr2707
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Expression using the upstream regulatory regions of exon 1bc (ser-2prom2::gfp) is mostly restricted to the AIYL/R, AIZL/R, RID, DVA, BDUL/R, SIADL/R, and SIAVL/R interneurons. Less consistent expression is observed in PVT. In addition, expression is observed in the RMEL/R motor neurons. Outside the nervous system, expression can be observed in the excretory gland cells. No more transcriptional regulatory information is contained within intronic regions by generating a fusion of gfp to the full coding genomic ser-2 locus using an in vivo recombination technique([ser-2::gfp] translational fusion. Transgenic animals expressing such a construct show an expression pattern similar to the one observed with the ser-2prom1::gfp construct. The upstream regulatory region of the third splice form, containing exon 1d(ser-2prom3::gfp), drives expression exclusively in two sensory neuron classes, OLL(L/R) and PVD(L/R). ser-2prom1::gfp is expressed in the AIY interneuron class and a set of unidentified neurons. These neurons were identified as head and tail interneuron classes, namely AVHL/R, AUAL/R, AIYL/R, RICL/R, SABVL/R, RID, RIAL/R, SABD, SDQ, CANL/R, DA9, LUAL/R, ALNL/R, and PVCL/R. In addition to its expression in neurons, ser-2prom1::gfp is also expressed in pharyngeal cells (NSM neurons and pm1/6 muscles) and in head muscles. In males, expression can be observed in posterior dorsal and ventral body wall muscles, the male-specific diagonal muscles, and several posterior neurons likely to be CP neurons. |
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This information was extracted from published material (Archana Sharma-Oates, Andrew Mounsey and Ian A. Hope). |
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Expr668
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Postembryonic expression is observed in the rectum epithelium. A major site of EGL-5 expression is in the rectal epithelium. At hatching, the rectal expression is in K, F, B, U and Y. In addition expression is seen in (Y differentiates into) PDA motor neuron, (K divides to rise to) part of dorsal rectal epithelium and a cell that becomes DVB motor neuron. In males male-specific neurons show expression. In males Ab staining is observed in B.a and B.p as well as Y.p and Y.p in L1 and early L2. It appears that most/all B, Y, U, F, K descendants express EGL-5. Ventral neuroblast P12, staining is first seen in P12.a and P12.p in 12-h worms. Staining is maintained in P12 descendants in 15-h until adulthood. Both sexes' mechanosensory neurons, expression is seen in PLM neurons throughout larval development. In addition two cells express EGL-5, one in anterior region of each lumbar ganglion, likely to be PVC interneurons. Both sexes' muscles cells, expression is detected in 4-6 left/right pairs of posterior body-wall muscle cells in L1 larvae at earliest examined time 10-12 h. At L2 staining is detected in 12 left/right pairs of nuclei. Staining is strongest in the most posterior nuclei and tapers of towards the anterior. Staining in posterior body wall muscle cells remains throughout larval development and into adulthood in both sexes. In L3 males, sex-specific muscle lineages and sex-specific muscles stain strongly. These muscles include the diagonal muscles, muscles of spicule, gubernaculum and other sex muscles. Staining in these muscles persist until adulthood. HSN neurons, expression from L1 onwards through to adulthood. Male gonad, first detected in the male gonad in late L1 in a group of 6 cells at the anterior end. It appears that expression is clustered in a region that consists of both somatic cells and germ cells. Later at the beginning of the late mitotic period, staining nuclei lose their clustered arrangement. By 34 h, staining is seen in several dividing cells that form the primordium of the seminal vesicles as well as in two large nuclei in the valve region. In the nuclei of diving cells staining surrounds a condensed chromatin. This pattern persists until the end of the late mitotic period (35-37 h posthatching) when staining is also detected in sperm cells. No staining was observed in cells of the vas deferens. Lateral hypodermis, expression is seen in male seam from mid-L2. Staining first appears in V6.ppp at 20-22 h postembryonic development. Staining persists in V6.pppa and V6.pppp but at a lower level. Intensity of staining increases in R5 and R6 and to lesser degree in R4. Identification of staining cells in ray sublineages was not possible due to intense fluorescence of B-lineage cells lying in the same region. However it was possible to observe expression of a reporter gene in R4, R5, and R6 and also in cells of the R5 and R6 sublineages. |
Expressed in the nuclei. |
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Expr3815
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From this construct, unc-103 also expresses in the pharyngeal neurons (I2 and NSM), head neurons [IL1, IL2, OLL, URAD, ASH, AVD, AUA, and SIAV and OLQ, RIV, URYV, AIN, and AIA, PCA in the post-cloacal sensilla, and one of two ray neurons in rays 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, and 9. An unc-103::YFP translational fusion expressed from the 8.7 kb upstream region was also injected and it was observed that the anal depressor, spicule protractor, retractor, and other male sex muscles also expressed UNC-103; in the hermaphrodite, the vulva muscles also express the transgene. |
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Expr1885
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In animals transgenic for the smp-1::lacZ reporter constructs, beta-galactosidase is first detected in epidermal cells at the beginning of morphogenesis 200 minutes after fertilization. GFP fluorescence from smp-1::gfp expression is initially observed at approximately the 50 cell stage in the E lineage. Later, in larvae and adults, GFP can be seen in all body wall, vulval, uterine and enteric muscles, as well as male-specific muscles of the tail and copulatory system. In adults, smp-1::gfp is expressed in the tail tip (hyp 10), in ray 6 and in the spicules of the adult male. Approximately 10 sensory neuron support cells in the head with dendrites extending to the tip of the head, also express the smp-1 GFP and beta-galactosidase transcriptional reporters. GFP fluorescence is observed in several individual cells, including an interneuron (tentatively identified as AVL), the excretory channel, the distal tip cells (DTCs) throughout their migration, somatic cells of the gonad, and epidermal cells hyp 4 (and possibly hyp 3) and hyp 10. In the adult, expression was observed in the fused seam cell syncytium comprising the lateral epidermis. Although ray 6 expresses in the adult male tail, it is difficult to determine whether the ray 6 precursors or any other ray or SET precursors or progeny express smp-1::gfp during the L3 and L4 stages of development when the male tail is forming. This is because GFP fluorescence in the male sex-specific muscles is so bright at this stage as to obscure what may be faint expression of other cells in the male tail. |
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Expr1918
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In the pAB::GFP fusion, expression was seen in some pioneering neurones of the nerve ring, beginning at the early comma stage. At the two-fold stage, expression was detected in some 10 neurones in the head that extend axons into the nerve ring, and in two neurones in the tail that extend processes anteriorly. This expression pattern was confirmed by immunohistochemistry with MAb 16-48-2. At the three-fold stage, expression was seen in all DA motoneurones and persisted while they pioneered the dorsal nerve chord. It was also seen in four to six neurones in each of the four head ganglia, including ALA and RID in the dorsal ganglion, and four of the six neurones of the terminal bulb, including M5. In the tail, two neurones in the pre-anal ganglion and six in the lumbar ganglion, including PVQL and PVQR, showed pAB::GFP expression. Additionally, a transient expression was seen in the four rows of bodywall muscle cells in the embryo. After hatching, in L1 larvae, the expression domain extended to amphid and phasmid socket cells, and subsequently in L2 larvae to all the newly born AS motoneurones. In hermaphrodite L3 larvae, expression was seen in the sex myoblasts subsequent to their anterior migration towards the position of the presumptive vulva, and in adult worms at a high level in the vulval muscles vm1 and vm2. In males, expression was seen in the diagonal and spicule retractor muscles. |
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Expr1920
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Expressed in nine DA, 11 AS, ALA, RID, two PDE, two HSN, M5, four vulval muscles 1, four vulval muscles 2, four uterine muscles 1, four uterine muscles 2, two intestine muscles, sphincter muscle, 15 diagonal muscles, two spicule retractors, bodywall muscles, two AM socket cells, two PH socket cells, two distal tip cells. |
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Expr2200
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In males, MAB-23::GFP is observed in several sex-specific cell types during larval development and in the adult, including the A-type ray sensory neurons, ventral male-specific muscles, and unidentified neurons of the male posterior ventral nerve cord. MAB-23::GFP is also detected in a limited number of non-sex-specific tissues in the adult male, including 6-8 unidentified neurons of the head, ventral body wall muscle, and the PHCL/R neurons. It is transiently expressed during larval development in the hindgut and in the tail spike. Many of these MAB-23::GFP-positive tissues have identifiable defects in mab-23 males (ray neurons, tail hypodermis, sex muscles, and hindgut). In adult hermaphrodites, the same set of non-sex-specific tissues are MAB-23::GFP positive as in the male. In addition, MAB-23::GFP is expressed in several hermaphrodite-specific tissues that contribute to the egg-laying apparatus, namely the ventral uterus and spermatheca of the oviduct and the Hermaphrodite Specific Neurons(HSN). |
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Picture: Fig. 3A,B. |
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Expr8295
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UNC-38(nAChR) expresses in body wall and sex muscles (male), including the protractor muscles, but not in any of the neurons that are associated with spicule function. |
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Expr14579
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We observed Pswm-1::mCherry::H2B reporter expression in six to eight of the 12 vas deferens cuboidal cells. We also observed Pswm-1::mCherry::H2B in posterior body wall muscle cells and in the male-specific diagonal muscle cells, both of which overlie the seminal vesicle and vas deferens region. Expression of the Pswm-1 reporter in both gonadal and muscle cells began at late larval stages and persisted in adult animals until at least 48 h post L4. In addition, we observed reporter expression at low levels in two cells in the head, which were likely neurons. These data indicate that swm-1 is not expressed in sperm. Instead, it is produced in somatic tissues: the vas deferens, which is involved in the production, release, and transfer of seminal fluid, and muscle cells, outside the gonad. |
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Expr14580
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In adult males, the SWM-1::mCherry protein was present, as expected, in cells in which we observed the transcriptional reporter [Expr14579]: vas deferens cuboidal cells, diagonal muscles and body wall muscles. Within cuboidal cells, SWM-1::mCherry was contained within large vesicles that were closely associated with the apical membrane, which are not well-characterized but have been shown to contain seminal fluid (Smith and Stanfield, 2011; Lints and Hall, 2009; Kimble and Hirsh, 1979). In muscle cells, we observed SWM-1::mCherry at low levels that appeared to be concentrated near the cell cortex. Interestingly, in jn62[swm-1::mCherry], SWM-1::mCherry was also visible in anterior body wall muscles, rather than being restricted to the posterior region, corresponding to slightly higher levels of rescue and protein expression as compared with the Pswm-1 MosSCI reporter strain. |
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This information was extracted from published material (Archana Sharma-Oates, Andrew Mounsey and Ian A. Hope). |
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Expr722
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Staining is observed in along the entire length of the pharyngeal masculature, vulval muscle cells and neighbouring body wall muscle cells, anal depressor, anal sphincter and intestinal muscles and in the contractile sheath in proximal region of the somatic gonad. In addition, staining is observed in the adult male sex muscles along the lateral and ventral surfaces. |
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This information was extracted from published material (Archana Sharma-Oates, Andrew Mounsey and Ian A. Hope). |
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Expr723
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PTMIZ2328: this fusion gene was specifically expressed in the body wall muscles, the anal muscles, the vulva muscles and the male sex muscles except the pharyngeal muscles. pTMIIIZ3256: this fusion gene expressed only in the pharyngeal muscles. |
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Expr10821
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unc-63::YFP was expressed in the body wall muscles, the sexually dimorphic anal depressor muscle and sphincter muscle, and every male-specific sex muscle, including the spicule protractor and retractor muscles, the diagonal muscles, the gubernacular muscles, and the oblique muscles. It was also expressed in the SPC neurons. |
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Expr10822
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unc-38::YFP was expressed in the body wall muscles, the sexually dimorphic anal depressor muscle and sphincter muscle, and every male-specific sex muscle, including the spicule protractor and retractor muscles, the diagonal muscles, the gubernacular muscles, and the oblique muscles. It was also expressed in the SPC neurons. |
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Reporter gene fusion type not specified. |
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Expr1204
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Transgenic animals expressed this reporter specifically in muscle. Strong expression was observed in muscle cells in embryos. Adult expression was seen in striated body-wall muscle along the length of the animal, especially in the head. Strong expression was also seen in the vulval muscles. Additional expression was observed in intestinal muscle, anal sphincter muscle and the sex-specific muscles of the male tail. No expression was observed in pharyngeal muscle. |
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Reporter gene fusion type not specified. |
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Expr1255
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GFP fluorescence is observed in several muscle cell types of the transformants, including body-wall muscle cells, terminal bulb muscles of the pharynx, vulval and uterine muscle, diagonal muscles of the male tail, the anal sphincter muscle, and anal depressor muscles. GFP expression is variably observed in unidentified neurons in the head. GFP expression first observed in body-wall and pharyngeal muscle cells in 1.5-fold embryos, approximately the time when twitching of embryonic body wall muscles begins. The corpus muscles of the pharynx did not express GFP. |
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Expr1270
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The reporter genes are detectable in the adult in the body wall muscle cells, in the pharyngeal muscle cells, in the sex-specific muscle cells (e.g., vulval muscles in hermaphrodites and diagonal muscles of the male tail) and in the anal muscles. Expression is also found in the embryos at the comma to two-fold stage, when muscle lattices are being assembled. beta-galactosidase staining from the lacZ fusion is detected in a small number of cells slightly earlier in development but the identity of these cells has not yet been determined. Expression is not seen in the gonads. |
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This information was extracted from published material (Archana Sharma-Oates, Andrew Mounsey and Ian A. Hope). |
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Expr702
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Antibody staining is detected in the anal depressor, anal sphincter and intestinal muscles and in the contractile sheath in proximal region of the somatic gonad. Staining is also observed in the vulval muscle cells and neighbouring body wall muscle cells. In addition, staining is observed in the adult male sex muscles along the lateral and ventral surfaces. |
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Expr14483
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sorb-1::gfp was strongly expressed in all body wall muscles, where the protein tagged with green fluorescent protein (GFP) localized to adhesion plaques between myocytes and to dense bodies. SORB-1::GFP was also observed in muscle arm attachment sites at the nerve ring, where protrusions from head muscles form contacts with the basement membrane (White et al., 1986). SORB-1::GFP was also observed in all nonstriated muscles of C. elegans with the exception of the pharynx, localizing exclusively to integrin adhesion sites. Fluorescent signal localized strongly to the origins and insertions of the vulval and anal depressor muscles as well as to the spicule-associated and diagonal muscles of the male tail. In myocytes more closely resembling vertebrate smooth muscle, such as the uterus, stomatointestinal muscle, and proximal gonad sheath, GFP signal was present in small puncta present throughout the tissue). |
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Expr3819
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Expressed in adult. Expressed in intestinal muscle, male-specific posterior muscle and hypodermal cells. Cln-3.3::GFP fluorescence in intestinal and male-specific posterior diagonal muscle cells and hypoderm: Embryos present in cln-3.3::GFP transgenic adults, newly laid eggs and transgenic larvae displayed no fluorescent signal, whereas adult transgenic nematodes showed mild fluorescence in the intestinal muscle and in the hypoderm just beneath the cuticle. In addition, male transgenic nematodes displayed fluorescence in male-specific posterior diagonal muscle cells. |
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Expr1489
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Expression patterns of a translational lacZ fusion including most of the gene (PGSAL) was similar to those of the promoter fusion (LF-1). In adult and larval hermaphrodites, many neurons and muscle cells show expression of the reporter. These include neurons in the nerve ring, the ventral nerve cord, and the tail ganglia. Muscles expressing reporters include body wall muscles, the specialized muscles of the pharynx, and the vulva. In the male, male-specific neurons and muscle cells in the tail show the expression. Many epithelial cells in the pharynx and some vulva cells also express the reporter. No expression was observed in hypodermal cells or intestinal cells. Transgenes show similar expression pattern throughout larval development and in adult. The reporter is expressed in embryos at the comma stage and later stages. |
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Lineage expression: Rn descandents. |
[plx-1::gfp] transcriptional and translational fusion constructs. A plx-1 transcriptional gfp reporter was constructed by cloning the 2621 bp sequence immediately 5' to the initiation codon into the multiple cloning site of pPD95_77 to generate plasmid pPD95_77cplx. A plx-1(+) rescuing construct was assembled from multiple PCR fragments encompassing the entire coding sequence of Ce-PLX-1. The 3' portion of the construct comes from the cDNA yk535f1 and contains 739 bp of the 3'UTR. This plx-1(+) cDNA minigene was cloned downstream of the promoter sequence of the pPD95_77cplx transcriptional reporter to obtain the plasmid pZH127. The gfp coding sequence is out of frame in pZH127. The construct contains the full-length plx-1(+) minigene with 2621 bp of sequence immediately 5' to the initiation codon and 739 bp of the 3'UTR sequence. The GFP-encoding portion of pZH127 was put in frame with the PLX-1(+) sequence by fusing it after the PmlI site located four amino acids before the stop codon. For this, a SphI-KpnI fragment was deleted from pZH127, cut with PmlI and re-ligated in combination with a linker sequence into the SphI-KpnI cut pZH127 to obtain the new plx-1 translational reporter plasmid pZH157. |
Expr2917
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Expression of both reporters is observed in all body wall muscles, male sex specific muscles and in the lateral epidermis during post-embryonic development. At the third larval stage, male tail hypodermal expression begins in all dividing Rn.a and Rn.p cells although predominantly in R1.a and R1.p. The strongest expression of the transcriptional reporters is observed in the ray 1 cells. Expression of the transcriptional reporters in other rays is weak and eventually disappears. A similar effect is observed for the translational reporter, which expresses first and most highly on the ray 1 and ray 2 cells. Although the translational reporter is found on all rays at later stages of male tail development, this expression is weak relative to the earlier expression in precursors to rays 1 and 2. |
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