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Expr4691
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GFP was detected in epidermal cells including the head epidermal cells hyp1 to hyp5, the hyp7 syncytium, the tail epidermal cells hyp8 to hyp11, and the ventral Pn.p cells. GFP expression was also detected in the excretory duct cell. |
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Expr4383
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The eps-8p::nls::gfp reporter is expressed in a variety of cell types including neurons, gut, muscle and seam cells as well as in the VPCs and their descendants. A time course analysis revealed a dynamic expression pattern of eps-8::nls:.gfp in the vulval cells. In mid-L2 larvae, eps-8p::nls::gfp is weakly expressed in all VPCs except for P3.p. Around 6 h later in early L3 larvae, before the first round of vulval cell divisions, expression is strongest in P6.p, lowest in P5.p and P7.p and intermediate in P3.p, P4.p and P8.p. |
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New Anatomy_term: male hook precursors (L1-L4). Picture: Figure S3A. |
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Marker87
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Marker for VPC daughters and granddaughters. Expressed in P cells (L1), QL and QR cells (L1-L2), somatic gonadal precursor (L1), V cells (L1), B cell (L1), T cell (L1), ventral cord neurons (L1-L4), Pn.ps (L1-late L2), Pn.pxx (mid L3), male hook precursors (L1-L4), DTCs (L2-L3), vulval cells (L3-L4), uterine cells (L4), vulval muscle (adult), many unidentified cells in head (all), many unidentified cells in tail (all) |
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Integrated transgenic line not described in the article. |
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Expr1416
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When transgenic animals carrying pTG96 on an extrachromosomal array (kuEx75) were examined, the fusion protein, as judged by fluorescence of GFP, was observed tightly localized to the nuclei of most cells. SUR-5 appeared to be expressed in the VPCs. Cell types that express this fusion protein include neurons, hypodermis, Pn.p cells, body muscles, many cells of the pharynx, and a few cells of the somatic gonads. Cells that do not display the fluorescence include B, F, K , K.a, K.p, hyp3, the germ line, and the excretory duct cells. In nonmosaic animals, the intensity varies among the cells. The intestinal cells and excretory cells are almost always very bright, whereas neurons are almost always fainter. Uterine cells and many of the cells derived from the M cell are very faint and often difficult to see. The SUR-5GFP fusion proteins are expressed in all stages of C. elegans development. The earliest expression is at the 100- to 150-cell embryonic stage, and the fusion proteins are expressed throughout development from that stage on. The same expression pattern is seen when this array is integrated into one of the chromosomes. pTG96_1 is still localized in the nuclei of most cells. The expression pattern is the same as that seen from the array containing pTG96 (with NLS), but the nuclear localization is not as tight, and there appears to be some diffusion of SUR-5GFP proteins from the nucleus to the cytoplasm. |
Both constructs are expressed in nuclei; and a relatively small amount of SUR-5GFP fusion protein from pTG96_1 is detected in cytoplasm. |
Picture: Figure 2A to 2D. |
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Expr7865
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GFP expression was detected from embryogenesis to adulthood. In embryogenesis, almost all cells, other than those in the gut lineage, showed GFP expression. Before P-cell migration in the L1 stage, expression was detected only in Q cells. After P-cell migration and division, expression was seen in the P-cell derivatives and distal tip cells. In L3, GFP expression was present only in the vulval precursor cells and their derivatives. In L4 and adulthood, GFP fluorescence was detected only in some neuronal cells. |
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Other strain-- UL403 late embryo(author) = elongating embryo + fully-elongated embryo(curator). |
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Expr122
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Expression begins in precomma stage embryos. It is quite strong, with extensive diffuse cytoplasmic staining as well as nuclear localised staining. Expression is strongest in young larvae, with staining observed in the ventral nerve cord, the circumpharyngeal nerve ring, the head ganglion, the tail ganglion, the retrovesicular ganglion, and in the developing vulva. In older larvae and in adults the strong pharyngeal expression seen in young larvae is less intense and some neuronal processes in the head become apparent (e.g. the motorneuron M1). There is also staining in the pharyngo-intestinal valve and in the seam cells, though expression appears to exclude the nuclei and is generally intermittent along the seam. The defecation muscle group stain as does its axon, DVB. The dorsal cord also stains but is very faint. Two commissures stain (these are also faint), one is located anterior to the vulva, and the other is posterior to the vulva. |
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Lineage expression: V lineage. Transgenic ceh-20(mu290) animals bearing pLY11 were rescued for the QR.pax positioning phenotype, the Muv/Egl, and the Vn.a division phenotype, suggesting that ceh-20::gfp was expressed in cells that require its function for these processes. |
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Expr3231
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ceh-20::gfp expression was detected in QR and QL and their descendants throughout their migrations to the end of L1. V cells and their daughters also expressed ceh-20::gfp. Expression persisted in the descendants of the V cells through the adult stage. At hatching, all P cells expressed ceh-20::gfp. Before the anterior and posterior Pn.p cells fuse, they also expressed ceh-20. In L3 hermaphrodites, expression was maintained in P(3-8).p. ceh-20::gfp expression was identified in several other cell types. These included M, BDU, ALM, HSN, body wall muscle cells, I4, all L1 ventral cord neurons and a few unidentified neurons in the head behind the posterior bulb of the pharynx. |
In all cells expressing ceh-20, the expression was stronger in the nucleus than in the cytoplasm. ceh-20::gfp expression and nuclear localization did not change in the unc-62(mu232) background. |
This information was extracted from published material (Archana Sharma-Oates, Andrew Mounsey and Ian A. Hope). |
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Expr660
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9h after fertilization: strong staining in intestinal and hypodermal nuclei; Weak neuronal staining. Early L1: staining in nuclei of most postembryonic blast cells. Strong staining in nuclei of hypodermic blast cells H1, H2, V1-V6, T and all intestinal (E) cells. Weak staining nuclei of neuroblasts Q1 and Q2, mesoblast M cells and P cells. 9h after fertilization: strong staining in intestinal and hypodermal nuclei; Weak neuronal staining. Early L1: staining in nuclei of most postembryonic blast cells. Strong staining in nuclei of hypodermic blast cells H1, H2, V1-V6, T and all intestinal (E) cells. weak staining nuclei of neuroblasts Q1 and Q2, mesoblast M cells and P cells. Adult: staining observed in the mature oocyte nuclei of hermaphrodites, at meiotic prophase I when the chromosomes are condensed. (Possible artifact, detected in lin-14 loss-of-function mutant strains n536n540, n355n726). In embryo, first observed in embryo at 7h after fertilization (half way through embryogenesis). Strong staining in intestinal and hypodermal nuclei. L3: Pn.p stains weakly before division (staining fades by L4). Occasional weak staining of hypodermal, intestinal and neuronal nuclei and cytoplasm at L2 and L3. Late L1: staining of all nuclei except for neuronal nuclei is weaker. More neuron of the nerve ring and posterior ganglion stain than in earlier stages. Intestinal and hypodermal cell lineages stain strongest at mid to late L1 (Fade entirely by L2) similarly with many of the neuronal cells. Mid L1: staining in nuclei of hypodermic blast cells H1, H2, V1-V6 and T. The nuclei of intestinal (E) cells also stain. Weak staining in nuclei of P cells (staining fades before migration into ventral cord). Strong staining in nuclei of embryo-derived nuclei in hypodermal syncytial cell hyp7, ABarpppapa, ABplaapppp, Cpaaaa, Cpaapa, Cpaapp, Cpapaa, terminally differentiated nuclei from embryonic body muscle also stain for lin-14. Staining observed in nuclei of neuronal cells BDU, ALM, and CAN. All embryonic generated ventral cord neurons and some neurons of the nerve ring and posterior ganglion stain for lin-14. |
lin-14 is localized to the nuclei. |
Lineage expression: H, V, T descandents. This information was extracted from published material (Archana Sharma-Oates, Andrew Mounsey and Ian A. Hope). |
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Expr661
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lin-14 protein is first observed in embryos at ~7 hours after fertilization where most intense staining is seen in intestinal and hypodermal nuclei. ~9 h after fertilization, additional weak staining is observed. lin-14 protein is expressed at high level in the nuclei of most of the post-embryonic blast cells. Intense nuclear staining was observed in the hypodermal blast cells H1, H2, V1-V6 and T and in all of the intestinal (E) cells and weaker staining was observed in both neuroblasts Q1 and Q2, in the mesoblast M cell and in P cells (P1/2, P3/4 and P5/6). During L1, staining is seen in the progeny of the hypodermal blast cells H1, H2 V1-V6 and T and in all of the intestinal (E) cells. Staining in P-cell nuclei fades before migration into the ventral nerve cord but reappears later in some of their progeny cells. The embryo-derived nuclei in the hypodermal syncytial cell hyp7, ABarpppapa, ABplaapppp, Cpaaaa, Cpaapa, Cpaapp, Cpapaa, all stain for the lin-14 protein during the L1 stage. Terminally differentiated nuclei from embryonic body muscle also accumulate the lin-14 protein. Nuclei of many but not all neuronal cells stain with the antibody (e.g. BDU, ALM, CAN but not HSN). All of the embryonically generated ventral cord neurons and some but not all of the neurons of the nerve ring and the posterior ganglion accumulate the lin-14 protein in their nuclei during the L1 stage. Late L1 stage, staining is seen in all nuclei except in the neuronal nuclei staining is much weaker. In addition, more neurons of the nerve ring and posterior ganglion stain than at the earlier stages. Thus, in the hypodermal and intestinal cell lineages, lin-14 protein level peaks during early L1 and fade entirely by L2. In the many neuronal cells, lin-14 protein peak during mid to late L1 and fade by L2. Pn.p accumulates lin-14 protein at the L3 stage, although, very weak staining is seen before the Pn.p cells divide. This staining fades by early L4, In occasional L2 and L3 stage animals, weak staining is observed in nuclei and cytoplasm of hypodermal, neuronal and intestinal cells. Patches of staining in hypodermal or intestinal nuclei is only rarely observed in very old adults. In most adults, staining reappears only in the mature oocyte nuclei of hermaphrodites at meiotic prophase I when the chromosomes are condensed. The oocyte nuclear staining disappears after fertilization. Quantitation of immunoblots show that the level of lin-14 protein relative to a pharyngeal myosin control decreases >= 25-fold from L1 to L2. |
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Expr1569
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Weak expression of lin-17 detected in the vulva cells that form the vulva only after the vulva precursor cells had divided twice, i.e., in all Pn.pxx cells. lin-17 expression was also observed in the male tail throughout development, with the expression strong particularly at later L3 stage in most descendants of the V6 and T cells in the lateral hypodermis. lin-17 was detected in the P11.p and B cells. This expression was almost uniform around the cell surface prior to their asymmetric divisions. Lin-17 was also detected in both daughters and all the granddaughter cells of the P11.p and B cells. Expression in the daughter cells were also uniform around the cells. In addition, weak lin-17 expression was detected in the P10.p cell and both of its daughter cells. Authors failed to detect lin-17 expression in P7.p, Z1, Z4 and T cells. |
Expressed on cell membrane. |
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Expr1921
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REF-2 was first detected weakly in all 12 P cells just before P-cell migration. REF-2 was present in all P cells as migration occurred and remained in both P cell daughters after division in the ventral cord. This is also the point at which anti-REF-2 staining was strongest. REF-2 then disappears in the Pn.a cell lineage. REF-2 also disappears from the Pn.p cells, although it does so at different rates in different Pn.p cells. REF-2 is present for the longest time in the six unfused Pn.p cells P(3-8).p. REF-2 is also present in P1.p and P2.p shortly after those cells fuse with hyp7, although REF-2 decreases to an undetectable level soon after. REF-2 disappears most rapidly in P(9-11).p, with REF-2 being detectable in only some worms around the time of Pn.p cell fusion. In summary, REF-2 protein levels decrease around the time of Pn.p cell fusion, although they do so less quickly in the cells that remain unfused. REF-2 protein was also detected in the nuclei of the B and Y cells in the tail region during L1. |
nuclei |
Picture: Figure 2. |
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Expr8280
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DDB-1::GFP expression was also observed in a subset of cells that do not proliferate during the larval stages, including the lateral hyp7 hypodermal cells, rectal gland and epithelial cells, and a subset of neuronal cells in the head and tail regions. Additionally, adult hermaphrodites exhibit high-level expression in the spermatheca. DDB-1::GFP expression from the transgenic array was not observed in germ cells, but this may be due to transgene silencing in the germ line. In embryos, authors did not observe significant zygotic DDB-1::GFP expression. In larvae, DDB-1::GFP expression was observed in blast cells that proliferate during the larval stages, including seam cells in the lateral hypodermis, P cells in the ventral hypodermis, and intestinal cells. The P-cell lineage has the longest quiescent period between rounds of cell division, and within the P lineage, DDB-1::GFP expression correlates with the proliferative state. P blast cells did not express DDB1::GFP in newly hatched L1 larvae; however, expression was observed later in the L1 stage as the cells began to proliferate. During the L2 stage, the P-cell descendants are either quiescent or postmitotic, and they lack DDB-1::GFP expression. DDB-1::GFP expression resumes during the L3 stage in the P-cell descendants that create the vulva (the vulval precursor cells [VPCs]), as they move from quiescence to proliferation, and expression continues through the L4 stage. In adults, all P cell descendants are postmitotic, and DDB-1::GFP is not expressed. |
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Expr3035
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An nhr-25::gfp reporter was found to be expressed in the nuclei of many epidermal cells, including the epidermal syncytial cells, the seam cells, and all the Pn.p cells and their progeny. Many cells in the head and tail also showed nhr-25::gfp expression. nhr-25 expression was first observed during embryogenesis around the 100-cell stage and continued to be expressed throughout development in the epidermal and seam cells. In the Pn.p-derived vulval cells, when vulval morphogenesis (including cell division, fusion, and migration) was almost complete during the L4-to-adult transition, nhr-25::gfp expression significantly decreased, whereas in other Pn.p cells that fused with hyp7, nhr-25::gfp expression remained largely unchanged. |
Expressed in the nuclei of many epidermal cells |
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Expr3956
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During hypodermal morphogenesis, GFP expression is seen in most cells within the embryo. Notably, it is cortically localized in all hypodermal cells. Interestingly, shortly after dorsal intercalation is completed, MIG-5 leaves the cortex and becomes more cytoplasmic in dorsal cells. Expressed throughout embryonic development. It is found in all cells of the early embryo. In most cells, the fusion protein is localized to the cell cortex, with only low levels remaining in the cytoplasm. In L1 larvae, the four-cell gonadal primordium is being established and polarized. MIG-5::GFP is expressed in both Z1 and Z4, which will eventually form the distal tip cells. During gonad migration, the DTCs display high levels of MIG-5::GFP. MIG-5::GFP is also present in the cells underlying the gonadal primordium, which become the VPCs and later it is present in the fully developed vulva. MIG-5::GFP is also present and cortically localized in both P11 and P12 and their progeny, P11.a, P11.p, P12.a and P12.p, and in SDQL and PVM, two of the neurons derived from the QL neuroblast. |
Expressed in the cell cortex, with low levels in the cytoplasm. |
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Expr10737
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lin-12(1in_1408) displayed a highly differentiated, characteristic expression pattern in the VPC lineages. The expression was already evident in comma-stage embryos. Several glowing cells of different types were seen along the anteroposterior body axis at the twofold embryonic stage. At the L1 stage, lin-12(1in_1408) was expressed in all Pn.p cells. Some unidentified cells in the head and tail regions were also gfp-positive at this stage. By the early L2 stage, lin-12(1in_1408) expression remained strong only in the P(3-8).p cells. Unlike the other Pn.p cells, they remain unfused with the hypodermal syncytium, thereby retaining their competence to differentiate into a vulval cell type. After vulval induction at the early L3 stage, lin-12(1in_1408) was strongly expressed in P5.p and P7.p, the two VPCs that adopt 2nd vulval fates, but weakly detectable in the other VPCs, P(3-4,6,8).p. As shown earlier (Wilkinson and Greenwald, 1995; 276 Levitan and Greenwald, 1998), lin-12 expression remained on in the P5.p and P7.p granddaughters by the late L3 stage. In addition to the P5.p and P7.p descendants, we found obvious fluorescence in the daughters of other VPCs, and even in the P6.p granddaughters [the daughters of P(3,4,8).p fuse with the hypodermis]. Nevertheless, expression of lin-12(1in_1408) was constantly intense in the P5.p and P7.p lineages, as compared with other VPC lineages. At the L2 and early L3 stages, lin-12(1in_1408) is also expressed in the two AC/VU precursors. Later, when lin-12(1in_1408) expression became increased in P5.p and P7.p relative to the other VPCs, transgene activity was seen in the presumptive VU cell, but not in the AC. During the L4 stage, expression of lin-12(1in_1408) was gradually lost from the P6.p lineage; only the P(5,7).p descendants retained GFP fluorescence in the developing vulval tissue. It is worth to note that lin-12(1in_1408) was also active in certain hypodermal and intestinal cells throughout larval development, presumably due to background expression of the vector. In adult hermaphrodites, lin-12(1in_1408) expression could not be detected. The only exception was presented by a few unidentified cells in the posterior body part, probably due to background expression. |
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Expr1516
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About 8 hour after hatching, P cells descend into the ventral nerve cord and interdigitate to form a single row of cells of P1-P12. In both sexes, mab-5 was detected in P7-P10. In older larva, mab-5 was detected in P7-P12, but not more anterior cells. In hermaphrodites, expression pattern was similar to males with two exceptions. The p(9-11).app cells and p(9-11).p cells no longer express MAB-5 by L2. In male, descendants of P10 consistently express high levels of MAB-5, those of P9 and P11 express low levels, and those of P7 and P8 express barely detectable levels. P12 descendants express MAB-5 only until the division of P12.a. The descendants of P cells express comparable levels of MAB-5 with exceptions to Pn.p cells, they express lower levels than their neighbors. Expression levels in P descendants were similar to those seen in the neighboring juvenile motoneurons. Both sets of cells expressed MAB-5 in a graded pattern, tapering off toward the anterior. In newly hatched larva, in both sexes, mab-5 was detected consistently in nuclei of P9/10 and P11/12, but not more anterior P cells. mab-5 was also detected at high levels in the posterior juvenile motoneurons, located ventrally. MAB-5 is localized to the posterior of the body, including P7-P12 in the P lineage but not in more anterior cells. Within P7-P12, MAB-5 expression was graded with the highest levels in the P10 descendants. The descendants of any one P cell expressed comparable levels of MAB-5. |
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Expr1986
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EOR-1::GFP expressed in most cells throughout development and was nuclear-localized. Of particular relevance, the reporter expressed in the precursors to the VPCs and P11 and P12, in VPCs that adopt vulval and nonvulval fates and their descendants, and in both P11.p and P12.pa. Thus, EOR-1::GFP expressed in VPCs and in P12 at the time of cell fate determination. |
nucleus |
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Expr1987
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EOR-2::GFP expressed in most cells throughout development and was nuclear-localized. Of particular relevance, the reporter expressed in the precursors to the VPCs and P11 and P12, in VPCs that adopt vulval and nonvulval fates and their descendants, and in both P11.p and P12.pa. Thus, EOR-2::GFP expressed in VPCs and in P12 at the time of cell fate determination. |
nucleus |
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Expr1555
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All Pn.p cells express the transgene. During L3, the VPCs divide to form two daughters that both stain positive. The two daughters continue to divide and form first four cells and then 8 cells for P6.p, and seven cells for P5.p and P7.p. All of these stain throughout divisions. The staining observed in the daughters of P3.p, P4.p and P8.p is significantly weaker than observed in P5-7.p. |
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Expr12037
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During the early L3 stage, lin-17::GFP was expressed predominantly in P11.p and was barely detectable in P10.p. No expression was detected in P9.p. Subsequently, descendants of both P10.p and P11.p expressed lin- 17::GFP, with slightly higher levels in the P11.p descendants. |
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Expr1430
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LIN-31 is first expressed in the nuclei of P1.p to P11.p (including the vulval precursor cells), from the middle of the first larval (L1) stage until the early L3 stage. |
nuclei |
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Expr12038
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BAR-1-GFP expression first appeared in P11.p in the late L1 stage. In the early-to-middle L2 stage, BAR-1-GFP accumulated in the cytoplasm of P11.p in a punctate pattern, presumably resulting from the stabilization of BAR-1 in response to increased Wnt signaling. The punctate GFP fluorescence in the cytoplasm of P11. p rapidly decreased during the mid-to-late L2 stage. By the mid-L3 stage, just before P11.p divides, BAR-1-GFP expression appeared to be brighter in the nucleus than in the cytoplasm. The switch of cytoplasmic-to-nuclear BAR-1-GFP accumulation is initiated in the mid-to-late L2 stage, coincident with the time window critical for the specification of HCG cell fates. BAR-1-GFP expression was undetectable in P10.p prior to cell division but became visible in the nucleus of the posterior daughter, P10.pp, suggesting that Wnt signaling through BAR-1 likely acts during fate execution of some descendants of the P10.p lineage. Although we did not observe lin-17::GFP expression in P9.p, faint, mostly cytoplasmic expression of BAR-1-GFP was sometimes seen in P9.p up to the mid-L2 stage, just before P9.p fuses with hyp7. |
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Expr12039
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BAR-1-GFP expression first appeared in P11.p in the late L1 stage. In the early-to-middle L2 stage, BAR-1-GFP accumulated in the cytoplasm of P11.p in a punctate pattern, presumably resulting from the stabilization of BAR-1 in response to increased Wnt signaling. The punctate GFP fluorescence in the cytoplasm of P11. p rapidly decreased during the mid-to-late L2 stage. By the mid-L3 stage, just before P11.p divides, BAR-1-GFP expression appeared to be brighter in the nucleus than in the cytoplasm. The switch of cytoplasmic-to-nuclear BAR-1-GFP accumulation is initiated in the mid-to-late L2 stage, coincident with the time window critical for the specification of HCG cell fates. BAR-1-GFP expression was undetectable in P10.p prior to cell division but became visible in the nucleus of the posterior daughter, P10.pp, suggesting that Wnt signaling through BAR-1 likely acts during fate execution of some descendants of the P10.p lineage. Although we did not observe lin-17::GFP expression in P9.p, faint, mostly cytoplasmic expression of BAR-1-GFP was sometimes seen in P9.p up to the mid-L2 stage, just before P9.p fuses with hyp7. |
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Expr12045
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BAR-1-GFP expression first appeared in P11.p in the late L1 stage. In the early-to-middle L2 stage, BAR-1-GFP accumulated in the cytoplasm of P11.p in a punctate pattern, presumably resulting from the stabilization of BAR-1 in response to increased Wnt signaling. The punctate GFP fluorescence in the cytoplasm of P11. p rapidly decreased during the mid-to-late L2 stage. By the mid-L3 stage, just before P11.p divides, BAR-1-GFP expression appeared to be brighter in the nucleus than in the cytoplasm. The switch of cytoplasmic-to-nuclear BAR-1-GFP accumulation is initiated in the mid-to-late L2 stage, coincident with the time window critical for the specification of HCG cell fates. BAR-1-GFP expression was undetectable in P10.p prior to cell division but became visible in the nucleus of the posterior daughter, P10.pp, suggesting that Wnt signaling through BAR-1 likely acts during fate execution of some descendants of the P10.p lineage. Although we did not observe lin-17::GFP expression in P9.p, faint, mostly cytoplasmic expression of BAR-1-GFP was sometimes seen in P9.p up to the mid-L2 stage, just before P9.p fuses with hyp7. |
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