6 Children
| Definition | Name | Synonym | Primary Identifier |
|---|---|---|---|
| Neuron class of six motoneurons, with cell bodies in the ventral cord, which innervate dorsal muscles. Each cell has a short, posteriorly directed and a longer, anteriorly directed process emanating from its cell body. The anterior process has a branch, which leaves the ventral cord as a commissure and runs round to the dorsal cord. | DD neuron | WBbt:0005270 | |
| Neuron class of thirteen motoneurons, with cell bodies in the ventral cord, which innervate ventral muscles. Each cell has an anteriorly directed process emanating from its cell body. | VD neuron | WBbt:0005303 | |
| Neuron class of one ring interneuron, cell body in dorsorectal ganglion, inervates rectal muscles. | DVB | lineage name: K.p | WBbt:0004822 |
| Neuron class of one ring and ventral cord interneuron, few synapses. | AVL | lineage name: ABprpappaap | WBbt:0003843 |
| Neuron class of one ring interneuron. | RIS | lineage name: ABprpappapa | WBbt:0005045 |
| Neuron class of four motoneurons, with NMJs in the nerve ring, which innervate head muscles. | RME | WBbt:0005399 |
10 Expression Clusters
| Regulated By Treatment | Description | Algorithm | Primary Identifier |
|---|---|---|---|
| Transcripts expressed in GABAergic neuron, according to PAT-Seq analysis using Punc-47-GFP-3XFLAG mRNA tagging. | Cufflinks FPKM value >=1. | WBPaper00050990:GABAergic-neuron_expressed | |
| Genes that showed expression levels higher than the corresponding reference sample (L2 all cell reference). | A Mann-Whitney U test with an empirical background model and FDR correction for multiple testing was used to detect expressed transcripts (Benjamini and Hochberg 1995). Genes and TARs with an FDR <= 0.05 were reported as expressed above background. Authors detected differentially expressed transcripts using a method based on linear models. Genes and TARs were called differentially expressed if the FDR was <= 0.05 and the fold change (FC) >= 2.0. To more strictly correct for potential false-positives resulting from multiple sample comparisons, authors divided individual FDR estimates by the number of samplesor sample comparisons, respectively. This resulted in an adjusted FDR of 1.3 * 0.0001 for expression above background and of 7.4 * 0.0001 for differential expression. Authors called genes selectively enriched in a given tissue if they met the following requirements: (1) enriched expression in a given tissue (FDR <= 0.05 and FC >= 2.0), (2) fold change versus reference among the upper 40% of the positive FC range observed for this gene across all tissues, and (3) fold-change entropy among the lower 40% of the distribution observed for all genes. | WBPaper00037950:GABAergic-motor-neurons_L2-larva_expressed | |
| Genes that showed expression levels higher than the corresponding reference sample (embryonic 24hr reference). | A Mann-Whitney U test with an empirical background model and FDR correction for multiple testing was used to detect expressed transcripts (Benjamini and Hochberg 1995). Genes and TARs with an FDR <= 0.05 were reported as expressed above background. Authors detected differentially expressed transcripts using a method based on linear models. Genes and TARs were called differentially expressed if the FDR was <= 0.05 and the fold change (FC) >= 2.0. To more strictly correct for potential false-positives resulting from multiple sample comparisons, authors divided individual FDR estimates by the number of samplesor sample comparisons, respectively. This resulted in an adjusted FDR of 1.3 * 0.0001 for expression above background and of 7.4 * 0.0001 for differential expression. Authors called genes selectively enriched in a given tissue if they met the following requirements: (1) enriched expression in a given tissue (FDR <= 0.05 and FC >= 2.0), (2) fold change versus reference among the upper 40% of the positive FC range observed for this gene across all tissues, and (3) fold-change entropy among the lower 40% of the distribution observed for all genes. | WBPaper00037950:GABAergic-motor-neurons_L1-larva_expressed | |
| Transcripts uniquely expressed in GABAergic neuron, according to PAT-Seq analysis using Punc-47-GFP-3XFLAG mRNA tagging. | Cufflinks FPKM value >=1. | WBPaper00050990:GABAergic-neuron_enriched | |
| Genes significantly enriched (> 2x, FDR < 5%) in a particular cell-type versus a reference sample of all cells at both embryonic and larval stages. | A Mann-Whitney U test with an empirical background model and FDR correction for multiple testing was used to detect expressed transcripts (Benjamini and Hochberg 1995). Genes and TARs with an FDR <= 0.05 were reported as expressed above background. Authors detected differentially expressed transcripts using a method based on linear models. Genes and TARs were called differentially expressed if the FDR was <= 0.05 and the fold change (FC) >= 2.0. To more strictly correct for potential false-positives resulting from multiple sample comparisons, authors divided individual FDR estimates by the number of samplesor sample comparisons, respectively. This resulted in an adjusted FDR of 1.3 * 0.0001 for expression above background and of 7.4 * 0.0001 for differential expression. Authors called genes selectively enriched in a given tissue if they met the following requirements: (1) enriched expression in a given tissue (FDR <= 0.05 and FC >= 2.0), (2) fold change versus reference among the upper 40% of the positive FC range observed for this gene across all tissues, and (3) fold-change entropy among the lower 40% of the distribution observed for all genes. | WBPaper00037950:GABAergic-motor-neurons_CoreEnriched | |
| Genes significantly enriched (> 2x, FDR < 5%) in a particular cell-type versus a reference sample of all cells at the same stage. | A Mann-Whitney U test with an empirical background model and FDR correction for multiple testing was used to detect expressed transcripts (Benjamini and Hochberg 1995). Genes and TARs with an FDR <= 0.05 were reported as expressed above background. Authors detected differentially expressed transcripts using a method based on linear models. Genes and TARs were called differentially expressed if the FDR was <= 0.05 and the fold change (FC) >= 2.0. To more strictly correct for potential false-positives resulting from multiple sample comparisons, authors divided individual FDR estimates by the number of samplesor sample comparisons, respectively. This resulted in an adjusted FDR of 1.3 * 0.0001 for expression above background and of 7.4 * 0.0001 for differential expression. Authors called genes selectively enriched in a given tissue if they met the following requirements: (1) enriched expression in a given tissue (FDR <= 0.05 and FC >= 2.0), (2) fold change versus reference among the upper 40% of the positive FC range observed for this gene across all tissues, and (3) fold-change entropy among the lower 40% of the distribution observed for all genes. | WBPaper00037950:GABAergic-motor-neurons_larva_enriched | |
| Genes significantly enriched (> 2x, FDR < 5%) in a particular cell-type versus a reference sample of all cells at the same stage. | A Mann-Whitney U test with an empirical background model and FDR correction for multiple testing was used to detect expressed transcripts (Benjamini and Hochberg 1995). Genes and TARs with an FDR <= 0.05 were reported as expressed above background. Authors detected differentially expressed transcripts using a method based on linear models. Genes and TARs were called differentially expressed if the FDR was <= 0.05 and the fold change (FC) >= 2.0. To more strictly correct for potential false-positives resulting from multiple sample comparisons, authors divided individual FDR estimates by the number of samplesor sample comparisons, respectively. This resulted in an adjusted FDR of 1.3 * 0.0001 for expression above background and of 7.4 * 0.0001 for differential expression. Authors called genes selectively enriched in a given tissue if they met the following requirements: (1) enriched expression in a given tissue (FDR <= 0.05 and FC >= 2.0), (2) fold change versus reference among the upper 40% of the positive FC range observed for this gene across all tissues, and (3) fold-change entropy among the lower 40% of the distribution observed for all genes. | WBPaper00037950:GABAergic-motor-neurons_embryo_enriched | |
| Genes that show selective expression in a subset of cell types vs broadly expressed in many cell types. Correspond to 20% - 57% of enriched_genes for a given cell type. | A Mann-Whitney U test with an empirical background model and FDR correction for multiple testing was used to detect expressed transcripts (Benjamini and Hochberg 1995). Genes and TARs with an FDR <= 0.05 were reported as expressed above background. Authors detected differentially expressed transcripts using a method based on linear models. Genes and TARs were called differentially expressed if the FDR was <= 0.05 and the fold change (FC) >= 2.0. To more strictly correct for potential false-positives resulting from multiple sample comparisons, authors divided individual FDR estimates by the number of samplesor sample comparisons, respectively. This resulted in an adjusted FDR of 1.3 * 0.0001 for expression above background and of 7.4 * 0.0001 for differential expression. Authors called genes selectively enriched in a given tissue if they met the following requirements: (1) enriched expression in a given tissue (FDR <= 0.05 and FC >= 2.0), (2) fold change versus reference among the upper 40% of the positive FC range observed for this gene across all tissues, and (3) fold-change entropy among the lower 40% of the distribution observed for all genes. | WBPaper00037950:GABAergic-motor-neurons_embryo_SelectivelyEnriched | |
| Genes enriched in GABAergic neurons by comparing GABAergic neurons collected via FACS purification from juIs76 (with Punc-25-GFP reporter construct marking DD and RME GABAergic neurons) and juIs14 (with Pacr-2-GFP reporter marking DA and DB cholinergic motor neurons as well as other neurons) with total cells. The FACS purification therefore resulted in 50-fold enrichment of GABAergic neurons. | Genes with > 3.0 fold differential expression. | WBPaper00024970:GABAergic_neuron_specific | |
| Genes that show selective expression in a subset of cell types vs broadly expressed in many cell types. Correspond to 20% - 57% of enriched_genes for a given cell type. | A Mann-Whitney U test with an empirical background model and FDR correction for multiple testing was used to detect expressed transcripts (Benjamini and Hochberg 1995). Genes and TARs with an FDR <= 0.05 were reported as expressed above background. Authors detected differentially expressed transcripts using a method based on linear models. Genes and TARs were called differentially expressed if the FDR was <= 0.05 and the fold change (FC) >= 2.0. To more strictly correct for potential false-positives resulting from multiple sample comparisons, authors divided individual FDR estimates by the number of samplesor sample comparisons, respectively. This resulted in an adjusted FDR of 1.3 * 0.0001 for expression above background and of 7.4 * 0.0001 for differential expression. Authors called genes selectively enriched in a given tissue if they met the following requirements: (1) enriched expression in a given tissue (FDR <= 0.05 and FC >= 2.0), (2) fold change versus reference among the upper 40% of the positive FC range observed for this gene across all tissues, and (3) fold-change entropy among the lower 40% of the distribution observed for all genes. | WBPaper00037950:GABAergic-motor-neurons_larva_SelectivelyEnriched |
55 Expression Patterns
| Remark | Reporter Gene | Primary Identifier | Pattern | Subcellular Localization |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Expr4785 | unc-46 is expressed in all 26 GABA neurons, as well as in a small number of unidentified neurons in the head. | |||
| Picture: Figure 1B, Figure S3A. | Expr4994 | The unc-80 GFP reporter is broadly expressed in the nervous system. The reporter is expressed in both acetylcholine and GABA motor neurons as determined by double-labeling. Although expression is observed in other tissues, no expression was observed in the body muscle. unc-80 is strongly expressed in neurons. Strong expression is observed in the nervous system and in the vulval muscle. Expression was also shown in the anterior excretory canal just posterior of the head, the vulval muscle, distal tip cell of the gonad, and the anal depressor muscle in the tail. | ||
| Picture: Fig 3A, 3B. | Expr4957 | A pkc-1 transcriptional reporter was expressed exclusively in neurons. Strong expression was seen in the majority of ventral cord motor neurons, including both cholinergic and GABAergic motor neurons. | ||
| Expr13175 | lgc-46 is broadly expressed in the nervous system, including motor neurons. Co-expression of Plgc-46-GFP with markers for cholinergic (Punc-17-mCherry) and GABAergic (Pttr-39-mCherry) neurons revealed that lgc-46 is strongly expressed in cholinergic motor neurons, and weakly expressed in GABAergic motor neurons. | In the DA9 cholinergic motor neuron, which synapses onto dorsal body wall muscles, LGC-46::GFP was detected only in the dorsal side of L4 and adult animals. These results indicate that LGC-46 primarily localizes to the axonal compartment of cholinergic motor neurons. To determine if the punctate pattern of LGC-46::GFP corresponded to presynaptic terminals, we co-immunostained LGC-46::GFP together with endogenous active zone protein RIM/UNC-10. LGC-46::GFP displayed a high degree of overlap with UNC-10. Quantitative analyses of colocalization indicate that LGC-46 localizes to the release sites of synaptic vesicles (SVs). Additionally, LGC-46::GFP showed co-localization with a synaptic vesicle marker mCherry::RAB-3 expressed in cholinergic motor neurons. To our knowledge LGC-46 is the first reported LGIC localized to presynaptic terminals in C. elegans. | ||
| Expr3526 | Neuronal expression: cholinergic & GABAergic motor neurons, head & tail. Non-neuronal expression: pharynx, intestine. | |||
| Expr13357 | Peel-1::GFP was observed in non-neuronal tissue (pharynx, intestine, and vulva) and was strongly expressed in neurons, including numerous neurons in the head, motor neurons, mechanosensory neurons, HSN neurons, and tail neurons. GFP was detected in cholinergic and GABAergic motor neurons. No expression was observed in muscle. | |||
| Picture: Figure 4D. Reporter gene fusion type not specified. | Marker21 | Expressed in GABA motor neurons. | ||
| Picture: Figure 8B. | Marker69 | A presynaptic marker that is specifically expressed in inhibitory GABAergic neurons. | synapses | |
| Expr12178 | A transcriptional reporter containing the ckr-2 promoter was expressed in both cholinergic and GABAergic motor neurons. | |||
| Expr9325 | Synaptogyrin is expressed in all 26 GABAergic neurons including also RMER and most though not all other neurons. Synaptogyrin is absent in amphids and phasmids and can be detected in non-neuronal glial-like sheath cells in adult worms. The cephalic neurons CEPDR/L and CEPVR/L and amphid-associated sheath cells CEPshDR/L, CEPshVR/L were tentatively positive. Several other neurons that could be tentatively identified in the anterior part are MI, M4, I4, AVL, AIY, RIS, I5, M3R/L, and in the posterior part DVA, AS11, ALNR/L, DVC, DVB, PQR, DA9 (characteristic axonal process denoted by arrowhead), VD13, DD6, VD12. Of these, AVL, RIS, VD13, DD6 and VD12 are GABAergic based on the colocalization with the unc-47p::GFP reporter. In addition, IL neurons were tentatively identified in the anterior (IL*). Synaptogyrin reporter constructs are also expressed in developing neurons. The expression of sng-1p::YFP is closely associated with the development of the nervous system being absent in the gastrula stage with first fluorescence in neuronal precursor cells and newly-formed neurons in the anterior part during the 1.5-fold stage. In addition, it is also detected transiently in cells in the posterior body at the 1.25-fold and 1.5-fold stage. | |||
| Expr13670 | In transgenic worms, aipr-1::GFP was observed in a variety of cell types, including neurons, body muscles, amphid sheath cells, spermatheca, and the intestine. Both acetylcholine and GABA motor neurons express aipr-1, as indicated by the co-labeling of these neurons by a red fluorescent protein expressed under the control of cell-specific promoters. | |||
| Expr9932 | ric-7 promoter expresses nuclear localized Cherry in many neurons, including both cholinergic and GABAergic motor neurons. | GFP-tagged RIC-7 constructs was expressed in the cholinergic DA neurons (using the unc-129 promoter). The RIC-7::GFP protein was localized in a punctate distribution in both cell bodies and dorsal cord axons. The majority of RIC-7 puncta co-localized with an SV marker (mCherry-tagged Endophilin), suggesting that RIC-7 is targeted to synapses. | ||
| Expr10016 | The clp-1 reporter was active in neurons and colocalized with both the pan-neural unc-119::gfp and the GABAergic unc-47::gfp reporters. In addition, the clp-1 reporter was expressed in cells of the ventral and dorsal nerve cords. We co-expressed the clp-1 reporter with the body wall muscle marker myo-3p::gfp::nls and found that was active in muscle. clp-1 transcriptional reporter was also detected in other tissues, including the intestine, vulva, the head-pharyngeal muscles and the nerve ring. The expression pattern remained unchanged over the course of larval development through to adulthood. | CLP-1::mRFP was excluded from the nucleus and dense bodies, but was present at structures immediately adjacent to dense bodies. More specifically, CLP-1::mRFP co-localized with PAT-3::GFP at M-lines extending over the H-zone and at adhesion plaques. A native clp-1::gfp translational reporter confirmed that CLP-1::GFP displayed the same pattern of sarcomeric localization, as CLP-1::mRFP driven from the unc-54 promoter; CLP-1::GFP was also detected in other non-muscle tissues. | ||
| Expr10018 | The clp-4 reporter was active in neurons and co-localized with both the pan-neural unc-119::gfp and the GABAergic unc-47::gfp reporters. In addition, the clp-4 reporter was expressed in cells of the ventral and dorsal nerve cords. We next co-expressed the clp reporters with the body wall muscle marker myo-3p::gfp::nls and found that the clp-4 promoter was active in muscle. mRFP expressed from the clp-4 gene promoter also co-localized with a pes-6::gfp reporter, a marker for the excretory cell, which serves as the renal system of the worm. The expression pattern remained unchanged over the course of larval development through to adulthood. | |||
| Expr10019 | The clp-7 reporter was active in neurons and co-localized with both the pan-neural unc-119::gfp and the GABAergic unc-47::gfp reporters. In addition, the clp-7 reporter was expressed in cells of the ventral nerve cord. mRFP expressed from the clp-7 gene promoter also co-localized with a pes-6::gfp reporter, a marker for the excretory cell, which serves as the renal system of the worm. In addition, only the clp-7p::nls::mrfp transcriptional reporter co-localized with the seam cell reporter scm::gfp. clp-7 transcriptional reporters were also detected in other tissues, including the intestine, vulva, and hypodermis. The expression pattern remained unchanged over the course of larval development through to adulthood. | |||
| Expr10051 | sphk-1::GFP was expressed in many neurons, including a majority of cholinergic and GABAergic motor neurons. In addition, GFP fluorescence was detected in body wall muscles, intestine, and hypodermis. | |||
| Expr3527 | Neuronal expression: cholinergic & GABAergic motor neurons, head, tail & body. Non-neuronal expression: pharynx, intestine, vulva, body wall muscle, hypodermis, seam cells. | |||
| Expr3532 | Neuronal expression: cholinergic & GABAergic motor neurons, head, tail & body. Non-neuronal expression: intestine, vulva, pharynx, body wall muscle, hypodermis, seam, excretory canal and cell. | |||
| Expr3536 | Neuronal expression: cholinergic & GABAergic motor neurons, head, tail & body. Non-neuronal expression: pharynx, intestine, vulval muscle. | |||
| Expr3537 | Neuronal expression: cholinergic & GABAergic motor neurons, head, tail & body. Non-neuronal expression: pharynx, intestine, vulva, body wall muscle, hypodermis, seam cells. | |||
| Expr3542 | Neuronal expression: cholinergic & GABAergic motor neurons, head, tail & body. Non-neuronal expression: pharynx, intestine, vulval muscle, body wall muscle, coelomocytes. | |||
| Expr9409 | Adult Expression: pharynx; Reproductive System; vulval muscle; body wall muscle. Larval Expression: pharynx; body wall muscle; | Sub-cellular localization within the body wall muscle: Sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR)-like | ||
| Expr10030 | rsbp-1 transgene was expressed in head and tail neurons and motor neurons of the ventral cord that innervate body-wall muscle cells. Expression was also observed in vulval, pharyngeal, and body-wall muscle cells. The rsbp-1p::GFP transgene was expressed in many ventral cord motor neurons. We consistently found rsbp-1p::GFP expression in ventral cord neurons between the retrovesicular ganglia and pre-anal ganglia indicating that RSBP-1 was expressed in both cholinergic and GABAergic motor neurons. | |||
| Expr11019 | Constitutive and robust INS-4::GFP and Pins-4-RFP signals were observed in the ASI and ASJ sensory neurons, while weaker signals were also detected in ventral cord motor neurons, including GABAergic neurons. | |||
| Expr11672 | When inserted as a single-copy transgene, RFP::RIC-7 is distributed diffusely in the GABA motor neuron cell body and axons. | |||
| Picture: Fig. 2Aa. | Expr8178 | GAR-2 was expressed in some cholinergic motor neurons as well as GABAergic motor neurons, the two major types of ventral cord motor neurons. | ||
| Expr3534 | Neuronal expression: GABAergic motor neurons, head & tail. Non-neuronal expression: intestine, body wall muscle. | |||
| Expr3541 | Neuronal expression: few GABAergic motor neurons, body. Non-neuronal expression: intestine. | |||
| Expr13288 | ncs-2 transcriptional reporters showed wide expression in the nervous system, including cholinergic and GABAergic neurons in the ventral nerve cord. | |||
| Expr10145 | Expression appeared to be restricted to the nervous system. The unc-41A reporter was expressed in most or all C. elegans neurons, including the GABA and ACh motor neurons. |
1 Parents
| Definition | Name | Synonym | Primary Identifier |
|---|---|---|---|
| Major cell type of nervous tissue, specialized for transmission of information in the form of patterns of impulses. | neuron | neurone | WBbt:0003679 |
