WormMine: AnatomyTerm WBbt:0004155

• Definition: Anterior daughter cell of P3.p, fuses into postembryonic large hypodermal syncytium in hermaphrodite.
• Name: P3.pa
• Primary Identifier: WBbt:0004155
• Synonym: lineage name: P3.pa

1 Children

Definition	Name	Synonym	Primary Identifier
nucleus of pedigree P3.pa	P3.pa nucleus		WBbt:0002481

0 Expression Clusters

28 Expression Patterns

• Primary Identifier: Expr4383
• Pattern: The eps-8p::nls::gfp reporter is expressed in a variety of cell types including neurons, gut, muscle and seam cells as well as in the VPCs and their descendants. A time course analysis revealed a dynamic expression pattern of eps-8::nls:.gfp in the vulval cells. In mid-L2 larvae, eps-8p::nls::gfp is weakly expressed in all VPCs except for P3.p. Around 6 h later in early L3 larvae, before the first round of vulval cell divisions, expression is strongest in P6.p, lowest in P5.p and P7.p and intermediate in P3.p, P4.p and P8.p.

• Primary Identifier: Expr4502
• Pattern: A transcriptional reporter for sel-2 in which the 5' upstream region drives nuclearly localized YFP is expressed in the VPCs and their descendants, as well as in many other cell types, including the epithelial cells of the intestine and the rectum, the seam cells, many cells in the head and the tail, and the cells of the ventral nerve cord.

• Primary Identifier: Expr9007
• Remark: Picture: Fig 2.
• Pattern: GFP expression was observed in nearly all cells of the embryo from about the 100 cell stage. In larvae and adults, GFP was detectable in neurons, hypodermal cells and the seam cells, the excretory system, and intestinal cells. We noted expression in the vulval precursor cells and their descendents during mid-larval stages and strong somatic gonadal expression in the early L3 stage through to adult.
• Subcellular Localization: GFP expression was visible in the nucleus, but restricted from the nucleolus in all expressing cells.

• Primary Identifier: Expr7865
• Remark: Picture: Figure 2A to 2D.
• Pattern: GFP expression was detected from embryogenesis to adulthood. In embryogenesis, almost all cells, other than those in the gut lineage, showed GFP expression. Before P-cell migration in the L1 stage, expression was detected only in Q cells. After P-cell migration and division, expression was seen in the P-cell derivatives and distal tip cells. In L3, GFP expression was present only in the vulval precursor cells and their derivatives. In L4 and adulthood, GFP fluorescence was detected only in some neuronal cells.

• Primary Identifier: Expr122
• Remark: Other strain-- UL403 late embryo(author) = elongating embryo + fully-elongated embryo(curator).
• Pattern: Expression begins in precomma stage embryos. It is quite strong, with extensive diffuse cytoplasmic staining as well as nuclear localised staining. Expression is strongest in young larvae, with staining observed in the ventral nerve cord, the circumpharyngeal nerve ring, the head ganglion, the tail ganglion, the retrovesicular ganglion, and in the developing vulva. In older larvae and in adults the strong pharyngeal expression seen in young larvae is less intense and some neuronal processes in the head become apparent (e.g. the motorneuron M1). There is also staining in the pharyngo-intestinal valve and in the seam cells, though expression appears to exclude the nuclei and is generally intermittent along the seam. The defecation muscle group stain as does its axon, DVB. The dorsal cord also stains but is very faint. Two commissures stain (these are also faint), one is located anterior to the vulva, and the other is posterior to the vulva.

• Primary Identifier: Expr2796
• Pattern: L2 stage worms showed GFP fluorescence in the ventral hypodermis. Expression of Ce-dab-1 within the VPCs and their descendants continued through vulval development, and became restricted to the descendants of P5.p and P7.p by mid-L4. Ce-dab-1 was also expressed in the anchor cell (AC), sheath cells surrounding the amphid neurons in the head, the gut, and several unidentified cells in the anus and uterus of L3-adult animals. However, no Ce-dab-1 expression was detectable in the SMs.

• Primary Identifier: Expr8280
• Remark: Picture: Figure 2.
• Pattern: DDB-1::GFP expression was also observed in a subset of cells that do not proliferate during the larval stages, including the lateral hyp7 hypodermal cells, rectal gland and epithelial cells, and a subset of neuronal cells in the head and tail regions. Additionally, adult hermaphrodites exhibit high-level expression in the spermatheca. DDB-1::GFP expression from the transgenic array was not observed in germ cells, but this may be due to transgene silencing in the germ line. In embryos, authors did not observe significant zygotic DDB-1::GFP expression. In larvae, DDB-1::GFP expression was observed in blast cells that proliferate during the larval stages, including seam cells in the lateral hypodermis, P cells in the ventral hypodermis, and intestinal cells. The P-cell lineage has the longest quiescent period between rounds of cell division, and within the P lineage, DDB-1::GFP expression correlates with the proliferative state. P blast cells did not express DDB1::GFP in newly hatched L1 larvae; however, expression was observed later in the L1 stage as the cells began to proliferate. During the L2 stage, the P-cell descendants are either quiescent or postmitotic, and they lack DDB-1::GFP expression. DDB-1::GFP expression resumes during the L3 stage in the P-cell descendants that create the vulva (the vulval precursor cells [VPCs]), as they move from quiescence to proliferation, and expression continues through the L4 stage. In adults, all P cell descendants are postmitotic, and DDB-1::GFP is not expressed.

• Primary Identifier: Expr8659
• Remark: Picture: Fig 3.
• Pattern: As previously reported, GFP is widely observed during embryogenesis. Similarly, GFP is also generally expressed during larval development, being observed within both dividing and terminally differentiated cells. For example, cells within the seam and intestinal lineages strongly express the Pcki-2::gfp reporter. The VPCs and their descendent cells also express GFP.

• Primary Identifier: Expr8334
• Remark: Picture: Figure 3E.
• Pattern: vang-1::YFP reporter is expressed in the VPC progeny. Bright vang-1::YFP-expressing cell was also observed in ventral cord neuron.

• Primary Identifier: Expr631
• Remark: This information was extracted from published material (Archana Sharma-Oates, Andrew Mounsey and Ian A. Hope).
• Pattern: LacZ staining is first detected in both Z1.pp and Z4.aa and is seen in Z1.ppp, Z4.aaa, Z1.ppa and Z4.aap. All four cells continue to express until the middle of the L2 stage during AC/VU decision and then expression is restricted to either Z1.ppp or Z4.aaa, with expression observed in presumptive VU (Z1.ppa and Z4.aap) but not in presumptive AC. This is consistent with GFP fluorescence observed. lin-12::lacZ staining disappears in the VUs; staining reappears in their daughters just after division. The level of lin-12::lacZ expression from early L2 until the Vulva Precursor Cells (VPCs) divide in the L3 is uniform in all 6 VPCs. lin-12::lacZ reporter is also expressed in all twelve of the granddaughters of the VUs. There appears to be a time during the early L3 stage when the VUs no longer express the lin-12::lacZ reporter gene. During L3, beta-gal activity is detected in two sheath cells in each gonad arm: sheath cells No. 1 (Z1.paaa, Z1.apa, Z4.pap, and Z4.appp). During early L4 stage, eight more sheath cells express the transgene: sheath cells No. 2 (Z1.paapaaa, Z1.appaaa, Z4.paappp, and Z4.appappp) and sheath cells No. 3 (Z1.paapaap, Z1.appaap, Z4.paappa, and Z4.appappa). Staining is almost always observed in sheath cells No. 1 in the L3 and L4 stages as well as in the young adult. Only a subset of animals consistently express the reporter gene in sheath cells No. 2. Staining in sheath cells No. 3 are never detected once the nuclei have migrated for out along the arm. Staining is observed in 12 sheath cells during the late L3/early L4 stages soon after they are born. As the cells move out the gonad arm, staining is only detected in one member of pair No. 1 and one member of pair No. 2 in each arm. Staining is detected during L4 in up to eight spermathecal cells [Z1.papaa(a/p) (d/v), Z4.apaaa(a/p)(d/v), Z1.pappp(a/p)(d/v) and Z4.apapp(a/p)(d/v)] in each arm. The progenitors of these cells [Z1.papaa(a/p), Z4.apaaa(a/p), Z1.pappp(a/p) and Z4.apapp(a/p)] also express the reporter gene. During the L2 and early L3 stages, lin-12::lacZ is expressed in all six VPCs. LacZ staining is detected in all 12 daughters of the VPCs (Pn.px stage), and is then restricted to P5.ppa, P5.ppp, P7.paa and P7.pap. High level of GFP expression is seen in the daughters of P5.p and P7.p but not in the daughters of p6.p. Variable level of GFP is detected in the daughters of P3,p, P4.p and P8.p. In the VPC granddaughters GFP is detected in P5.ppa, P5.ppp, P7.paa and P7.pap. Weak staining is detected in two of the granddaughters of P5.p and P7.p, the L cells, but is undetected in their progeny. Expression is always detected in the other two granddaughters of P5.p and P7.p, the N and T cells. There is no staining in the T descendants of P6.p cells. The N cells do not divide and staining is detected in both N cells throughout vulval morphogenesis in the L4 stage and in young adults. Staining can be detected in the T daughters in the L4 stage and in young adults. The parents of the SM/bm precursor cells; M.vlp and M.vrp and their dorsal equivalents, M.dlp and M.drp all express lin-12 reporter gene. After division of the parent cells, the SM/bm precursor cells and their dorsal equivalents also express the reporter gene as do the sisters of these cells. Expression is detected in both the SM and bm cells on the left and right sides of the animal. Staining persists in these cells on the ventral side even after it is no longer detectable in the cells of the dorsal side. [M.vrpa, M.vlpa, M.vrpp, M.vlpp, M.drpa, M.dla, M.drpp and M.dlpp]. Expression is detected in a discrete subset of cells during embryogenesis. Staining was only observed in pairs or groups of cells from the 28-cell stage to about the 400-cell stage. Two of the cells that express the gene in the >300-cell embryo may be the intestinal valve cells. Expression is seen in a discrete subset of cells in the ventral nerve cord of L1 larvae. There are three small nuclei that stain in the head region that may be G2, W, the excretory duct cell, G1 or the neuroblast that is the equipotent equivalent of the excretory cell. Staining was observed in the excretory cell.

• Primary Identifier: Expr1047
• Remark: Lineage expression: M lineage. The transgene rescued the Daf-d phenotype of rh61rh411 animals, suggesting that daf-12::GFP is functional. Several integrated transgenic lines were made and all gave a similar pattern of expression.
• Pattern: DAF-12::GFP was expressed widely in most cells including tissues modified for dauer formation or by stage. It was expressed in phenotypically affected target tissues (e.g., epidermis, vulva, somatic gonad, intestine, pharynx, sex myoblasts), as well as other tissues with no known phenotype (e.g., nervous system, body wall muscle). Expression was seen from embryo to adult, but was most elevated and widespread during L2. Epidermis: In seam cells and hypodermis, DAF-12::GFP expression was first seen at the 3-fold stage of embryogenesis, increased by late L1, peaked during L2, diminished by late L3, and was low or off in L4 and young adults. Expression was also seen in the ventral epidermal L1 P ectoblasts, L2 vulval precursors, and their L3 descendants. Expression continued during L4 vulval morphogenesis and persisted occasionally in the mature adult vulva at reduced levels. Somatic Gonad: Faint expression was seen as early as L1 in Z1 and Z4 somatic gonadal precursors. By L2, their descendants, the somatic gonadoblasts, including the migratory distal-tip cell, strongly expressed DAF-12::GFP. Expression continued in somatic gonadoblast descendants and distal-tip cells in L3 and early L4. In the adult, expression was robust in the mature spermatheca and uterus. Intestine: Expression in intestinal nuclei was diffuse during the larval stages, but became somewhat stronger in the adult. Nervous System: Only a handful of head and tail neurons expressed GFP early in L1. By mid-L2, DAF-12::GFP was expressed strongly throughout the nervous system, including the ventral cord and peripheral neuroblasts. Expression continued in many neurons in the adult, albeit at reduced levels. Musculature: Expression in body wall muscles became visible by late L1 and L2. Expression continued at later larval stages and in the adult at reduced levels. Expression in pharyngeal muscle was strong by L2 and downregulated by adult. DAF-12::GFP was also expressed in the L1 M-mesoblast, and its derivatives, including post-embryonic body wall muscles, sex myoblasts and their descendants. Dauer formation: DAF-12::GFP was downregulated in dauer larvae in all tissues, but perdured in the somatic gonad and occasional neurons. Upon recovery from dauer diapause, DAF-12::GFP was expressed weakly in most tissues.
• Subcellular Localization: DAF-12::GFP localized primarily to the nucleus, except during mitosis, when expression became diffuse.

• Primary Identifier: Expr1154
• Remark: This lin-36::GFP reporter transgene rescued the Muv phenotype of a lin-36; lin-15(n767) strain, indicating that it was expressed in cells needed for lin-36 function.
• Pattern: lin-36::GFP was expressed in the nuclei of the P(3-8).p cells and their descendants during vulval cell determination, division and invagination. Similar observations have been made with an independently constructed lin-36::GFP reporter. Besides the P(3-8).p cells, many other cells expressed GFP in strains bearing this reporter construct. Most notably, neurons of the head, tail and ventral cord expressed lin-36::GFP throughout development, and sporadic fluorescence was infrequently observed in the germline. Very weak staining was observed in hypodermal and intestinal nuclei.
• Subcellular Localization: lin-36::GFP expression in all cases was localized to nuclei. The GFP reporter gene used in the construction of this reporter construct did not contain a nuclear localization sequence, but as mentioned above, the lin-36 coding region contains a potential nuclear localization sequence.

• Primary Identifier: Expr1884
• Remark: Another transgenic line independently established with the same construct also showed the similar patterns of EGFP expression.
• Pattern: EGFP expression was first observed at the lima bean stage in P and V epidermal cells and intestinal cells. In larvae, EGFP was expressed intensely in motoneurons in the ventral nerve cord and several neurons in the nerve ring and in the tail. The seam cells showed moderate EGFP expression throughout development. In hermaphrodites, vulval precursor cells and their descendants expressed EGFP intensely throughout development. In the male tail, R(n) cells and their descendants all expressed EGFP intensely.

• Primary Identifier: Expr3276
• Pattern: The smp-1::egfp expression was detected in all vulval precursor cells and their descendants. In addition to the vulva, smp-1::egfp was detected in larval seam cells, the epidermal cells of a larval male tail, and some neurons in the ventral cord and around the nerve rings. The ventral and dorsal cords also expressed GFP. hyp7 did not appear to express the transgene. The expression pattern resembled that of plx-1::egfp.

• Primary Identifier: Expr1896
• Remark: The expression pattern of this construct was similar in independent transgenic lines, but the subcellular localization of the PRY-1 GFP fusion protein differed, ranging from localization at the plasma membrane and in cytoplasmic dots to diffuse cytoplasmic and nuclear staining. This difference in subcellular localization may be a consequence of variations in expression levels of the fusion protein in different transgenic lines. For ease of cell identification, a transgenic line showing diffuse cytoplasmic and nuclear staining was selected. This transgene fully rescued the lethality, the multivulva phenotype, and the QR.d migration defect of pry-1(mu38 and nc1). This suggests that the PRY-1 GFP fusion protein is functional and is correctly expressed in cells in which PRY-1 is essential.
• Pattern: The pry-1 reporter gene is widely expressed throughout development. Expression starts halfway through embryogenesis and is mainly localized to the ventral and lateral hypodermal cells. At the early L1 stage, pry-1 is expressed at high levels in the lateral hypodermal cells (or seam cells) V5 and V6 and in the Q neuroblasts QL and QR. pry-1 is also expressed in the ventral hypodermal (P) cells P7/8 to P11/12, body wall muscle cells, and neurons in the head, the tail, and the ventral nerve cord. No differences in pry-1 expression levels between QL and QR was observed, but this may be a result of PRY-1 GFP overexpression. At the end of the L1 stage, pry-1 is expressed at high levels in all seam cells. Expression was also observed in the QL and QR daughter cells. At later larval stages, pry-1 is expressed at high levels throughout the animal, including hypodermal cells, body wall muscle cells, and many neurons in the ventral nerve cord and head and tail ganglia. In addition, pry-1 is expressed in the vulva precursor (Pn.p) cells and in the developing vulva and male tail.

• Primary Identifier: Expr15692
• Pattern: The transcriptional nlp-26 reporter was dynamically expressed in the VPCs and their sister Pn.a neurons in the VNC. In early to mid-L2 larvae, Pnlp-26-nls::lacZ::gfp was expressed in all VPCs and their sister Pn.a neurons. In addition, nlp-26 was strongly expressed in the hyp7 cell at all stages. By the late L2/early L3 stage, nlp-26 transcription was upregulated in P6.p and the P6.a neurons, while expression faded in the other VPCs. nlp-26 continued to be expressed in the P6.px daughter cells of mid-L3 larvae. Note that descendants of the 3° VPCs P3.p, P4.p and P8.p began to express nlp-26 after they had fused with hyp7.

• Primary Identifier: Expr1109
• Pattern: SEL-8::GFP appears to accumulate in most, if not all, nuclei of embryos before morphogenesis. In larvae, SEL-8::GFP is visible throughout development in head, tail, and ventral cord neurons. In addition, there is a dynamic and complex expression pattern in other tissues. In the somatic gonad, SEL-8::GFP is expressed in Z1.ppp and Z4.aaa during the L2 stage, at the time that these cells are deciding between the anchor cell and ventral uterine precursor cell fates. SEL-8::GFP is also visible, albeit faintly, in the vulval precursor cells in the L3 stage, the time at which they undergo a LIN-12-mediated cell fate decision, and is expressed in a dynamic pattern during the vulval cell lineages.
• Subcellular Localization: In all cells where fluorescence is visible, SEL-8::GFP is nuclear.

• Primary Identifier: Expr2277
• Remark: Similar vulval expression was observed when GFP was fused to the start codon of either egl-18 or elt-6 in a reporter containing ~8 kb of contiguous genomic sequence that includes this ~800 bp region, suggesting that the ~800 bp region is likely to be a vulval enhancer for both genes. As the expression levels and patterns of pKK63 showed substantial variability, even among chromosomal integrants of the transgene, the characterization of the spatial and temporal pattern of egl-18/elt-6::GFP expression is based on the composite pattern that emerged from examination of many animals. egl-18 = elt-5
• Pattern: The reporter construct (pKK63) is sufficient to drive GFP expression in the VPCs and their descendants as well as in the six VC motoneurons that innervate vulval muscles, which are likely to be co-regulated with vulval cells. When expression of egl-18::GFP is first detected in VPCs around the mid-L2 stage, all six VPCs are equally likely to express GFP. However, beginning at around the late-L2/early-L3 stage, until the VPCs divide in the mid-L3 stage, the expression in P5.p-P7.p is generally higher than in the other VPCs, and P6.p often shows the strongest expression. Expression persists in the descendants of P5.p-P7.p through the L4 stage, and P6.p descendants typically show stronger expression than descendants of P5.p and P7.p. This pattern is similar to that of lin-39 expression in the developing vulva.

• Primary Identifier: Expr1986
• Pattern: EOR-1::GFP expressed in most cells throughout development and was nuclear-localized. Of particular relevance, the reporter expressed in the precursors to the VPCs and P11 and P12, in VPCs that adopt vulval and nonvulval fates and their descendants, and in both P11.p and P12.pa. Thus, EOR-1::GFP expressed in VPCs and in P12 at the time of cell fate determination.
• Subcellular Localization: nucleus

• Primary Identifier: Expr1987
• Pattern: EOR-2::GFP expressed in most cells throughout development and was nuclear-localized. Of particular relevance, the reporter expressed in the precursors to the VPCs and P11 and P12, in VPCs that adopt vulval and nonvulval fates and their descendants, and in both P11.p and P12.pa. Thus, EOR-2::GFP expressed in VPCs and in P12 at the time of cell fate determination.
• Subcellular Localization: nucleus

• Primary Identifier: Expr3737
• Pattern: A GFP::ALX-1 translational reporter (kindly provided by B. Grant) appeared to be highly and ubiquitously expressed, including in all the VPCs and their descendants.
• Subcellular Localization: GFP::ALX-1 appeared to accumulate in very large and pleiomorphic vesicular structures in the VPCs.

• Primary Identifier: Expr1555
• Pattern: All Pn.p cells express the transgene. During L3, the VPCs divide to form two daughters that both stain positive. The two daughters continue to divide and form first four cells and then 8 cells for P6.p, and seven cells for P5.p and P7.p. All of these stain throughout divisions. The staining observed in the daughters of P3.p, P4.p and P8.p is significantly weaker than observed in P5-7.p.

• Primary Identifier: Expr2856
• Remark: Reporter gene fusion type not specified.
• Pattern: Strong GFP expression was seen in all 12 P cells (six of which are precursors of VPCs) in the embryos and L1-stage larvae. Weaker and more variable expression was observed in VPCs at the L2 larval stage. Expression was more readily detected in VPCs and their descendants at the L3 stage. Expression persisted in vulval cells (P5.pP7.p descendants) through the L4 stage becoming weaker in adulthood. Expression faded in the descendants of P3.p, P4.p, and P8.p, presumably in part because they fused with the surrounding syncytium.

• Primary Identifier: Expr3275
• Pattern: All the vulval precursor cells and their descendants, vulA-vulF, expressed GFP intensely throughout development. No intense expression was detected in hyp7.

• Primary Identifier: Expr12413
• Pattern: Prior to vulval induction, the reIs3 Pchw-1::gfp-containing transgene failed to express GFP in the six VPCs, but is visible in surrounding cells. Upon EGF induction GFP was expressed in non-vulval (3) VPC lineages and surrounding cells, but was excluded from VPC lineages that had been induced to form vulva (P5-7.p and subsequent 2-1-2 lineages). The exclusion extended throughout larval development, and all expression faded after the L4 stage.

• Primary Identifier: Expr3868
• Remark: Gene_regulation: When the unc-54 3'UTR was replaced with the vav-1 3' UTR, creating a sensor construct, vav-1 expression was lost in P5.p and P7.p in a significant proportion of hermaphrodites; this loss depends on an intact mir-61 target site. These observations indicate that vav-1 is posttranscriptionally regulated in P5.p and P7.p, consistent with regulation by endogenous mir-61, and suggest that VAV-1 may be down-regulated in presumptive secondary VPCs to promote lin-12 activity.
• Pattern: vav-1 is expressed in the VPCs and their daughters.

• Primary Identifier: Expr11944
• Pattern: Analysis of wild-type worms showed that eff-1p::GFP was expressed in the daughter cells of P3.p, P4.p, and P8.p that are committed to fusion, and was absent in the daughter cells of P(5-7).p which escape the fusion fate.

• Primary Identifier: Expr544
• Remark: Starting plasmid pLB30 fully rescues lin-12(null) mutant. Integrated strain arIs41[lin-12::GFP] yields mostly wild-type hermaphrodites, with <5% showing weak lin-12 gain-of-function phenotype.
• Pattern: LIN-12::GFP protein is initially detectable in both Z1.ppp and Z4.aaa, and later in development becomes detectable in the presumptive VU but not in the presumptive AC. The LIN-12:: GFP protein is initially detectable in all six VPCs. However, in the mid-L3 stage, at the time of VPC specification, LIN-12::GFP is reduced in P6.p relative to the other VPCs, notably with respect to P5.p and P7.p. High LIN-12::GFP accumulation is always seen in the daughters of P5.p and P7.p, but LIN-12::GFP accumulation is not seen in the daughters of P6.p. There is variable accumulation of LIN-12::GFP in the daughters of P3.p, P4.p and P8.p.
• Subcellular Localization: In Z1.ppp and Z4.aaa, and in other gonadal cells, LIN-12::GFP is detectable over the entire surface of cells. However, in the VPCs, LIN-12::GFP is visible in the perinuclear region, which is probably endoplasmic reticulum/Golgi, and at the ventral (apical) surface and at the junctions between VPCs.

0 Life Stages

2 Parents

Definition	Name	Synonym	Primary Identifier
descendent cell of post-embryonic blast cell P3, posterior in hermaphrodite.	P3.p hermaphrodite		WBbt:0008112
cell destined to become or fuse with multinuclear hyp7 hypodermal cell.	hyp7 precursor cell		WBbt:0008069