WormMine

WS295

Intermine data mining platform for C. elegans and related nematodes

Gene :

WormBase Gene ID  ? WBGene00001131 Gene Name  dys-1
Sequence Name  ? F15D3.1 Brief Description  The dys-1 gene encodes an ortholog of human DMD, which when mutated leads to Duchenne muscular dystrophy (OMIM:310200).
Organism  Caenorhabditis elegans Automated Description  Predicted to enable actin binding activity and zinc ion binding activity. Involved in several processes, including forward locomotion; muscle cell cellular homeostasis; and sarcomere organization. Located in striated muscle dense body. Part of dystrobrevin complex. Expressed in body wall musculature; head muscle; pharyngeal muscle cell; and vulval muscle. Used to study Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Human ortholog(s) of this gene implicated in several diseases, including Becker muscular dystrophy; Duchenne muscular dystrophy; cognitive disorder; dilated cardiomyopathy (multiple); and ovarian cancer. Is an ortholog of human DMD (dystrophin) and UTRN (utrophin).
Biotype  SO:0001217 Genetic Position  I :9.11232±
Length (nt)  ? 30934
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1 Organism

Name Taxon Id
Caenorhabditis elegans 6239

1 Synonyms

Value
WBGene00001131

Genomics

10 Transcripts

WormMine ID Sequence Name Length (nt) Chromosome Location
Transcript:F15D3.1a.1 F15D3.1a.1 11243   I: 11526918-11557851
Transcript:F15D3.1b.1 F15D3.1b.1 1110   I: 11526918-11529824
Transcript:F15D3.1h.1 F15D3.1h.1 11041   I: 11527028-11557792
Transcript:F15D3.1g.1 F15D3.1g.1 450   I: 11527077-11528279
Transcript:F15D3.1f.1 F15D3.1f.1 663   I: 11527077-11529050
Transcript:F15D3.1e.1 F15D3.1e.1 4734   I: 11527077-11541127
Transcript:F15D3.1d.1 F15D3.1d.1 7548   I: 11527077-11546567
Transcript:F15D3.1j.1 F15D3.1j.1 9665   I: 11527077-11550600
Transcript:F15D3.1c.1 F15D3.1c.1 10347   I: 11527077-11552106
Transcript:F15D3.1i.1 F15D3.1i.1 10314   I: 11527077-11552106
 

Other

10 CDSs

WormMine ID Sequence Name Length (nt) Chromosome Location
CDS:F15D3.1a F15D3.1a 11025   I: 11527077-11527403
CDS:F15D3.1f F15D3.1f 663   I: 11527077-11527403
CDS:F15D3.1d F15D3.1d 7548   I: 11527077-11527403
CDS:F15D3.1j F15D3.1j 7515   I: 11527077-11527403
CDS:F15D3.1i F15D3.1i 10314   I: 11527077-11527403
CDS:F15D3.1b F15D3.1b 795   I: 11527077-11527403
CDS:F15D3.1c F15D3.1c 10347   I: 11527077-11527403
CDS:F15D3.1e F15D3.1e 4734   I: 11527077-11527403
CDS:F15D3.1g F15D3.1g 450   I: 11527077-11527403
CDS:F15D3.1h F15D3.1h 10992   I: 11527077-11527403

13 RNAi Result

WormBase ID
WBRNAi00044705
WBRNAi00044706
WBRNAi00003382
WBRNAi00003388
WBRNAi00003555
WBRNAi00030998
WBRNAi00063359
WBRNAi00063371
WBRNAi00060074
WBRNAi00060075
WBRNAi00060076
WBRNAi00060077
WBRNAi00092900

647 Allele

Public Name
gk962858
gk962706
gk963849
gk415275
gk367940
gk401544
gk420713
gk795200
gk701604
gk536714
gk661248
gk641737
gk588600
gk374372
gk422088
gk407967
gk878470
gk544252
gk353569
gk559516
gk555054
gk726633
gk880454
gk747410
gk464525
gk331561
gk314603
gk675088
gk331562
gk547929

1 Chromosome

WormBase ID Organism Length (nt)
I Caenorhabditis elegans 15072434  

1 Chromosome Location


Feature . Primary Identifier
Start End Strand
WBGene00001131 11526918 11557851 -1

4 Data Sets

Name URL
WormBaseAcedbConverter  
GO Annotation data set  
C. elegans genomic annotations (GFF3 Gene)  
Panther orthologue and paralogue predictions  

1 Downstream Intergenic Region

WormBase ID Name Sequence Name Length (nt) Chromosome Location Organism
intergenic_region_chrI_11526798..11526917   120 I: 11526798-11526917 Caenorhabditis elegans

144 Expression Clusters

Regulated By Treatment Description Algorithm Primary Identifier
  Transcripts expressed in neuronal cells, by analyzingfluorescence-activated cell sorted (FACS) neurons. DESeq. False discovry rate (FDR) < 0.1. WBPaper00048988:neuron_expressed
adult vs dauer larva Transcripts that showed differential expression in adult vs dauer lava in N2 animals at 20C. N.A. WBPaper00050488:adult_vs_dauer_regulated_N2_20C
  mRNAs that showed decreased expression in 1 cell mebryo comparing to in oocyte, according to RNAseq analysis. Gaussian error propagation. As cutoff for the up-regulated genes authors used log2 fold change > 1 and P < 0.05 and as cutoff for the down-regulated genes authors used log2 fold change < -1 and P < 0.05. WBPaper00045420:fertilization_downregulated_transcript
  TGF- Dauer pathway adult transcriptional targets. Results obtained by comparing the microarray results of the dauer-constitutive mutants daf-7(e1372), daf-7(m62), and daf-1(m40) with dauer-defective mutants daf-3(mgDf90), daf-5(e1386), and daf-7(e1372);daf-3(mgDf90) double mutants at the permissive temperature, 20C, on the first day of adulthood. SAM WBPaper00031040:TGF-beta_adult_upregulated
  Genes that showed expression levels higher than the corresponding reference sample (embryonic 24hr reference). A Mann-Whitney U test with an empirical background model and FDR correction for multiple testing was used to detect expressed transcripts (Benjamini and Hochberg 1995). Genes and TARs with an FDR <= 0.05 were reported as expressed above background. Authors detected differentially expressed transcripts using a method based on linear models. Genes and TARs were called differentially expressed if the FDR was <= 0.05 and the fold change (FC) >= 2.0. To more strictly correct for potential false-positives resulting from multiple sample comparisons, authors divided individual FDR estimates by the number of samplesor sample comparisons, respectively. This resulted in an adjusted FDR of 1.3 * 0.0001 for expression above background and of 7.4 * 0.0001 for differential expression. Authors called genes selectively enriched in a given tissue if they met the following requirements: (1) enriched expression in a given tissue (FDR <= 0.05 and FC >= 2.0), (2) fold change versus reference among the upper 40% of the positive FC range observed for this gene across all tissues, and (3) fold-change entropy among the lower 40% of the distribution observed for all genes. WBPaper00037950:bodywall-muscle_L1-larva_expressed
Bacteria infection: Enterococcus faecalis Genes with increased expression after 24 hours of infection by E.faecalis Fold changes shown are pathogen vs OP50. For RNA-seq and tiling arrays, log2 fold changes between gene expression values of infected versus uninfected nematodes were calculated. For log2 fold changes > 0.00001 the values > 81.25th percentile were defined as up-regulated and for log2 fold changes < -0.00001 the values < 18.75th percentile were defined as down-regulated. WBPaper00038438:E.faecalis_24hr_upregulated_TilingArray
  Proteins interacting with NHR-49-GFP according to co-IP and LC-MS. N.A. WBPaper00064071:NHR-49_interacting
  Transcripts expressed in the epithelial tissues surrounding the pharynx that includes the arcade and intestinal valve (AIV) cells, according to PAT-Seq analysis using Pbath-15-GFP-3XFLAG mRNA tagging. Cufflinks FPKM value >=1. WBPaper00050990:arcade_intestinal-valve_expressed
  Transcripts expressed in body muscle, according to PAT-Seq analysis using Pmyo-3-GFP-3XFLAG mRNA tagging. Cufflinks FPKM value >=1. WBPaper00050990:body-muscle_expressed
  Transcripts expressed in GABAergic neuron, according to PAT-Seq analysis using Punc-47-GFP-3XFLAG mRNA tagging. Cufflinks FPKM value >=1. WBPaper00050990:GABAergic-neuron_expressed
  Transcripts expressed in hypodermis, according to PAT-Seq analysis using Pdpy-7-GFP-3XFLAG mRNA tagging. Cufflinks FPKM value >=1. WBPaper00050990:hypodermis_expressed
  Transcripts expressed in NMDA neuron, according to PAT-Seq analysis using Pnmr-1-GFP-3XFLAG mRNA tagging. Cufflinks FPKM value >=1. WBPaper00050990:NMDA-neuron_expressed
  Transcripts expressed in pharynx, according to PAT-Seq analysis using Pmyo-2-GFP-3XFLAG mRNA tagging. Cufflinks FPKM value >=1. WBPaper00050990:pharynx_expressed
  Genes with expression level regulated by genotype (N2 vs CB4856) and age at L3 larva and Late reproduction stage (96 hours at 24 centigrade). For model 2, authors used 100 permutations to estimate the FDR threshold. Per permutation, genotypes and ages were independently randomly distributed, keeping the among-gene structure intact. Then for each spot (23,232) on the array, model 2 was tested. The obtained P-values were used to estimate a threshold for each of the explanatory factors. Authors also used a genome-wide threshold of -log10 P-value = 2, which resembles an FDR of 0.072 and 0.060 for marker and the interaction age-marker for the developing worms and FDR of 0.050 and 0.065 for marker and age-marker for the aging worms. For the physiological age effect, authors used a log10 P-value = 8 in developing worms (0.012 FDR) and -log10 P-value = 6 (0.032 FDR). WBPaper00040858:eQTL_age_regulated_developing
  Genes with expression level regulated by genotype (N2 vs CB4856) at L3 larva and Late reproduction stage (96 hours at 24 centigrade). For model 2, authors used 100 permutations to estimate the FDR threshold. Per permutation, genotypes and ages were independently randomly distributed, keeping the among-gene structure intact. Then for each spot (23,232) on the array, model 2 was tested. The obtained P-values were used to estimate a threshold for each of the explanatory factors. Authors also used a genome-wide threshold of -log10 P-value = 2, which resembles an FDR of 0.072 and 0.060 for marker and the interaction age-marker for the developing worms and FDR of 0.050 and 0.065 for marker and age-marker for the aging worms. For the physiological age effect, authors used a log10 P-value = 8 in developing worms (0.012 FDR) and -log10 P-value = 6 (0.032 FDR). WBPaper00040858:eQTL_regulated_developing
  Transcripts that showed significantly decreased expression in day 3 adult hermaphrodite comparing to in L4 larva glp-1(e2141) animals. Fold change > 2, FDR < 0.05 WBPaper00064088:Day-3-adult_vs_L4_downregulated_glp-1(e2141)
  Transcripts that showed significantly increased expression after four-day-old young adult worms were placed on NGM plates seeded with OP50 in the presence 5% Agaro-oligosaccharides(AGO) for 24 h, comparing to animals grown in the absence of AGO. Fold change > 2. WBPaper00064306:Agaro-oligosaccharides_upregulated
  Transcripts that showed significantly increased expression in sin-3(tm1276) comparing to in N2. DESeq2, fold change > 2, p-value < 0.01. WBPaper00061203:sin-3(tm1276)_upregulated
  Maternal class (M): genes that are called present in at least one of the three PC6 replicates. A modified Welch F statistic was used for ANOVA. For each gene, regressed error estimates were substituted for observed error estimates. The substitution is justified by the lack of consistency among the most and least variable genes at each time point. Regressed error estimates were abundance-dependent pooled error estimates that represented a median error estimate from a window of genes of similar abundance to the gene of interest. A randomization test was used to compute the probability Pg of the observed F statistic for gene g under the null hypothesis that developmental time had no effect on expression. P-values were not corrected for multiple testing. [cgc5767]:expression_class_M
  Transcripts that showed significantly increased expression in aak-1(tm1944);aak-2(ok524) animals comparing to in N2. DEseq 1.18.0, adjusted p-value < 0.05. WBPaper00056471:aak-1(tm1944);aak-2(ok524)_upregulated
  Strictly maternal class (SM): genes that are the subset of maternal genes that are not also classified as embryonic. A modified Welch F statistic was used for ANOVA. For each gene, regressed error estimates were substituted for observed error estimates. The substitution is justified by the lack of consistency among the most and least variable genes at each time point. Regressed error estimates were abundance-dependent pooled error estimates that represented a median error estimate from a window of genes of similar abundance to the gene of interest. A randomization test was used to compute the probability Pg of the observed F statistic for gene g under the null hypothesis that developmental time had no effect on expression. P-values were not corrected for multiple testing. [cgc5767]:expression_class_SM
  Significantly upregulated genes from clk-1(qm30) microarrays using SAM algorithm with an FDR < 0.1 from adult-only chips. SAM algorithm with an FDR < 0.1. WBPaper00033065:clk-1(qm30)_upregulated
  Transcripts that showed significantly decreased expression in sin-3(tm1276) comparing to in N2 at early embryo when there were only 3 -5 eggs in the adult. DESeq2, fold change > 2, adjusted p-value < 0.01 WBPaper00058598:sin-3(tm1276)_downregulated
Gamma irradiation 100 mGY per hour for 72 hours since L1 larva. Transcripts that showed significantly increased expression after exposure to 100mGy per hour gamma irradiation from L1 to day 1 adult hermaphrodite stage. DESeq2, FDR <= 0.05, log2 fold change >= 0.3 or <= -0.3. WBPaper00058958:100mGy-irradiation-72h_upregulated
  Proteins that showed significantly decreased expression after 1-day-old wild type adults were exposed to cisplatin (300ug per mL) for 6 hours. The differential expression analysis was performed in R. Differentially expressed proteins were identified by using a two-sided t-test on log-transformed data. WBPaper00065373:Cisplatin_downregulated_WT
  Transcripts that showed significantly increased expression in hpk-1(pk1393) comparing to in N2 at adult day 2. DESeq 2, fold change > 2, FDR < 0.05. WBPaper00065581:hpk-1(pk1393)_upregulated
  Genes that showed expression levels higher than the corresponding reference sample (L3/L4 all cell reference). A Mann-Whitney U test with an empirical background model and FDR correction for multiple testing was used to detect expressed transcripts (Benjamini and Hochberg 1995). Genes and TARs with an FDR <= 0.05 were reported as expressed above background. Authors detected differentially expressed transcripts using a method based on linear models. Genes and TARs were called differentially expressed if the FDR was <= 0.05 and the fold change (FC) >= 2.0. To more strictly correct for potential false-positives resulting from multiple sample comparisons, authors divided individual FDR estimates by the number of samplesor sample comparisons, respectively. This resulted in an adjusted FDR of 1.3 * 0.0001 for expression above background and of 7.4 * 0.0001 for differential expression. Authors called genes selectively enriched in a given tissue if they met the following requirements: (1) enriched expression in a given tissue (FDR <= 0.05 and FC >= 2.0), (2) fold change versus reference among the upper 40% of the positive FC range observed for this gene across all tissues, and (3) fold-change entropy among the lower 40% of the distribution observed for all genes. WBPaper00037950:hypodermis_L3-L4-larva_expressed
  Genes that showed expression levels higher than the corresponding reference sample (L3/L4 all cell reference). A Mann-Whitney U test with an empirical background model and FDR correction for multiple testing was used to detect expressed transcripts (Benjamini and Hochberg 1995). Genes and TARs with an FDR <= 0.05 were reported as expressed above background. Authors detected differentially expressed transcripts using a method based on linear models. Genes and TARs were called differentially expressed if the FDR was <= 0.05 and the fold change (FC) >= 2.0. To more strictly correct for potential false-positives resulting from multiple sample comparisons, authors divided individual FDR estimates by the number of samplesor sample comparisons, respectively. This resulted in an adjusted FDR of 1.3 * 0.0001 for expression above background and of 7.4 * 0.0001 for differential expression. Authors called genes selectively enriched in a given tissue if they met the following requirements: (1) enriched expression in a given tissue (FDR <= 0.05 and FC >= 2.0), (2) fold change versus reference among the upper 40% of the positive FC range observed for this gene across all tissues, and (3) fold-change entropy among the lower 40% of the distribution observed for all genes. WBPaper00037950:PVD-OLL-neurons_L3-L4-larva_expressed
  Transcripts that showed significantly increased expression in hda-2(ok1479) comparing to in N2 animals. DESeq2 (version 1.28.1), FDR < 0.01, fold change > 2. WBPaper00062159:hda-2(ok1479)_upregulated
  Transcripts that showed significantly increased expression in srbc-48(ac23);kyIs262;fer-1(b232ts) comparing to in kyIs262;fer-1(b232ts), 24h after infection with P.aeruginosa. DESeq2, FDR <0.05, fold change > 2. WBPaper00059664:srbc-48(ac23)_upregulated

12 Expression Patterns

Remark Reporter Gene Primary Identifier Pattern Subcellular Localization
    Expr1030721 Tiling arrays expression graphs  
Strain: BC13486 [dys-1::gfp] transcriptional fusion. PCR products were amplified using primer A: 5' [GTGGGCATGGGCAGTAAG] 3' and primer B 5' [TAAGATGGTGTTGTTGCACTTTTT] 3'. Expr5768 Adult Expression: pharynx; intestine; Reproductive System; vulval muscle; body wall muscle; seam cells; Nervous System; ventral nerve cord; head neurons; tail neurons; Larval Expression: pharynx; intestine; body wall muscle; seam cells; Nervous System; ventral nerve cord; head neurons; tail neurons;  
Authors used [dys-1::GFP VIII] to call their contruct. This is only the name of the construct instead of chromosome location. It is something like [dys-1::GFP No.8]. --wjc.   Expr1265 dys-1::gfp VIII was expressed in the body wall muscles, the vulva muscles, the head muscles and the pharyngeal muscles. Staining was observed from 3-fold embryo to adulthood. No staining was detected in non-muscle cells. Other constructs containing shorter 3' sequences gave no or very weak signal.  
    Expr2011144 Single cell embryonic expression. Only cell types with an expression fraction of greater 0.2 of the maximum expressed fraction are labeled (Full data can be downloaded from http://caltech.wormbase.org/pub/wormbase/datasets-published/packer2019/). The colors represent the broad cell class to which the cell type has been assigned. The size of the point is proportional to the log2 of the numbers of cells in the dataset of that cell type. Interactive visualizations are available as a web app (https://cello.shinyapps.io/celegans/) and can also be installed as an R package (https://github.com/qinzhu/VisCello.celegans).  
    Expr3573   Localized to only punctate structures in the DA motor neurons.
    Expr1148679 Developmental gene expression time-course. Raw data can be downloaded from ftp://caltech.wormbase.org/pub/wormbase/datasets-published/hashimshony2015  
    Expr15775   By confocal microscopy the DYS-1 protein was detected at I bands, a region of sarcomeres where thin (actin) filaments are not overlapping with thick (myosin) filaments. DYS-1 signal was slightly weaker at the center of I bands where DBs are localized. A weak signal was observed at A bands near the M-lines. This localization pattern was confirmed in a transgenic strain expressing the functional dys-1::gfpX construct. In addition, the DYS-1-GFP protein was detected at the plasma membrane (sarcolemma) all around the cell, at muscle cell junctions, and in muscle arms - cellular extensions of muscle cells towards motoneurons where neuromuscular junctions (NMJ) form.
    Expr15776   By confocal microscopy the DYS-1 protein was detected at I bands, a region of sarcomeres where thin (actin) filaments are not overlapping with thick (myosin) filaments. DYS-1 signal was slightly weaker at the center of I bands where DBs are localized. A weak signal was observed at A bands near the M-lines. This localization pattern was confirmed in a transgenic strain expressing the functional dys-1::gfpX construct. In addition, the DYS-1-GFP protein was detected at the plasma membrane (sarcolemma) all around the cell, at muscle cell junctions, and in muscle arms - cellular extensions of muscle cells towards motoneurons where neuromuscular junctions (NMJ) form.
    Expr15777   By immuno-electron microscopy, DYS-1-GFP was detected with a monoclonal GFP antibody conjugated to gold-beads. Gold-beads were observed at the inner layer of the sarcolemma all around the muscle cell: (1) at the basal membrane where sarcomeric bundles anchor, (2) at the membrane facing the adjacent muscle cells and (3) at the membrane facing the intestinal cell. Along the basal membrane, DYS-1::GFP was rarely observed at A bands and M lines (MLs) but rather enriched at dense bodies proximity.
    Expr2029380 Single cell embryonic expression. Only cell types with an expression fraction of greater 0.2 of the maximum expressed fraction are labeled (Full data can be downloaded from http://caltech.wormbase.org/pub/wormbase/datasets-published/packer2019/). The colors represent the broad cell class to which the cell type has been assigned. The size of the point is proportional to the log2 of the numbers of cells in the dataset of that cell type. Interactive visualizations are available as a web app (https://cello.shinyapps.io/celegans/) and can also be installed as an R package (https://github.com/qinzhu/VisCello.celegans).  
    Expr1018051 Developmental gene expression time-course. Raw data can be downloaded from ftp://caltech.wormbase.org/pub/wormbase/datasets-published/levin2012  
Original chronogram file: chronogram.2375.xml [F15D3.1:gfp] transcriptional fusion. Chronogram1252    

33 GO Annotation

Annotation Extension Qualifier
  located_in
  located_in
  involved_in
  located_in
  involved_in
  involved_in
  involved_in
  involved_in
  located_in
  part_of
  located_in
  located_in
  located_in
  located_in
  located_in
  located_in
  part_of
  enables
  enables
  enables
  enables
  enables
  enables
  enables
  enables
  involved_in
  involved_in
  involved_in
  involved_in
  involved_in

13 Homologues

Type
orthologue
orthologue
orthologue
orthologue
orthologue
orthologue
orthologue
least diverged orthologue
least diverged orthologue
least diverged orthologue
orthologue
orthologue
orthologue

1 Locations


Feature . Primary Identifier
Start End Strand
WBGene00001131 11526918 11557851 -1

33 Ontology Annotations

Annotation Extension Qualifier
  located_in
  located_in
  involved_in
  located_in
  involved_in
  involved_in
  involved_in
  involved_in
  located_in
  part_of
  located_in
  located_in
  located_in
  located_in
  located_in
  located_in
  part_of
  enables
  enables
  enables
  enables
  enables
  enables
  enables
  enables
  involved_in
  involved_in
  involved_in
  involved_in
  involved_in

2 Regulates Expr Cluster

Regulated By Treatment Description Algorithm Primary Identifier
  Genes with decreased expression in the two dys-1 mutant alleles cx35 and cx18 as compared to the wild-type expression level. With selection criteria of fold change more than 50 %, p-value lower than 0.01, and wild-type gene expression mean bigger than 100. WBPaper00028474:dys-1_downregulated
  Genes with increased expression in the two dys-1 mutant alleles cx35 and cx18 as compared to the wild-type expression level. With selection criteria of fold change greater than 50 %, p-value lower than 0.01 and mutants gene expression mean bigger than 100. WBPaper00028474:dys-1_upregulated

1 Sequence

Length
30934

1 Sequence Ontology Term

Identifier Name Description
gene  

8 Strains

WormBase ID
WBStrain00024335
WBStrain00024343
WBStrain00024342
WBStrain00024340
WBStrain00037736
WBStrain00048693
WBStrain00004037
WBStrain00002611

1 Upstream Intergenic Region

WormBase ID Name Sequence Name Length (nt) Chromosome Location Organism
intergenic_region_chrI_11557852..11557985   134 I: 11557852-11557985 Caenorhabditis elegans