WormMine

WS295

Intermine data mining platform for C. elegans and related nematodes

Gene :

WormBase Gene ID  ? WBGene00003777 Gene Name  nmy-2
Sequence Name  ? F20G4.3 Brief Description  nmy-2 encodes a non-muscle myosin II; NMY-2 is required for polarized cytoplasmic flow, polarized distribution of the PAR proteins, cytokinesis, and for proper anterior-posterior polarity in early embryos; NMY-2 functions with PAR-5 in the onset of the establishment phase of polarization in the C. elegans zygote along the anterior-posterior axis, and nmy-2 is partially redundant with nmy-1 with respect to embryonic elongation; NMY-2 localization is dynamic in oocytes and embryos, with localization seen at the cell cortex, cleavage furrow, and spindle; once embryonic polarization is established, cortical NMY-2 localizes asymmetrically, with higher levels seen in the anterior cortex; NMY-2 binds bovine calmodulin in vitro in a calcium-dependent manner; during larval development, NMY-2 is required for correct fate specification in seam cell divisions.
Organism  Caenorhabditis elegans Automated Description  Enables calmodulin binding activity and protein kinase binding activity. Involved in several processes, including asymmetric protein localization involved in cell fate determination; cell division; and regulation of anatomical structure morphogenesis. Located in several cellular components, including cleavage furrow; contractile ring; and mitotic spindle. Expressed in several structures, including distal tip cell; germ line; hypodermal cell; neuroblasts; and rectal gland cell. Human ortholog(s) of this gene implicated in several diseases, including aortic aneurysm (multiple); auditory system disease (multiple); and blood platelet disease (multiple). Is an ortholog of human MYH10 (myosin heavy chain 10); MYH11 (myosin heavy chain 11); and MYH9 (myosin heavy chain 9).
Biotype  SO:0001217 Genetic Position  I :2.4083 ±0.002722
Length (nt)  ? 7955
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1 Organism

Name Taxon Id
Caenorhabditis elegans 6239

1 Synonyms

Value
WBGene00003777

Genomics

1 Transcripts

WormMine ID Sequence Name Length (nt) Chromosome Location
Transcript:F20G4.3.1 F20G4.3.1 6494   I: 7926623-7934577
 

Other

1 CDSs

WormMine ID Sequence Name Length (nt) Chromosome Location
CDS:F20G4.3 F20G4.3 6012   I: 7927071-7927198

38 RNAi Result

WormBase ID
WBRNAi00107900
WBRNAi00063307
WBRNAi00022834
WBRNAi00066055
WBRNAi00087588
WBRNAi00025155
WBRNAi00085347
WBRNAi00077684
WBRNAi00008670
WBRNAi00025156
WBRNAi00063305
WBRNAi00007537
WBRNAi00071730
WBRNAi00081325
WBRNAi00045143
WBRNAi00117490
WBRNAi00117489
WBRNAi00071027
WBRNAi00087587
WBRNAi00087586
WBRNAi00112503
WBRNAi00063303
WBRNAi00063306
WBRNAi00077464
WBRNAi00080588
WBRNAi00063302
WBRNAi00115587
WBRNAi00108352
WBRNAi00115588
WBRNAi00110597

89 Allele

Public Name
gk962858
gk962706
gk963902
gk963849
gk964316
otn10689
gk962622
WBVar01432210
WBVar01694825
ne3409
gk115919
gk115920
gk115921
gk115922
gk115916
gk115917
ok499
gk115918
gk115927
gk347210
gk115928
gk900327
gk115929
gk496945
gk115930
gk643567
gk115923
gk470698
gk115924
gk693435

1 Chromosome

WormBase ID Organism Length (nt)
I Caenorhabditis elegans 15072434  

1 Chromosome Location


Feature . Primary Identifier
Start End Strand
WBGene00003777 7926623 7934577 -1

4 Data Sets

Name URL
WormBaseAcedbConverter  
GO Annotation data set  
C. elegans genomic annotations (GFF3 Gene)  
Panther orthologue and paralogue predictions  

1 Downstream Intergenic Region

WormBase ID Name Sequence Name Length (nt) Chromosome Location Organism
intergenic_region_chrI_7926504..7926622   119 I: 7926504-7926622 Caenorhabditis elegans

142 Expression Clusters

Regulated By Treatment Description Algorithm Primary Identifier
  oocyte proteins identified by two or more unique peptides during proteomics study. In the pooled data set, 1453 C. elegans proteins were identified with a probability >= 0.9 according to ProteinProphet, of which 1165 proteins were identified by more than one unique peptide. WBPaper00038289:oocyte_protein
  Transcripts expressed in neuronal cells, by analyzingfluorescence-activated cell sorted (FACS) neurons. DESeq. False discovry rate (FDR) < 0.1. WBPaper00048988:neuron_expressed
adult vs dauer larva Transcripts that showed differential expression in adult vs dauer lava in N2 animals at 20C. N.A. WBPaper00050488:adult_vs_dauer_regulated_N2_20C
  Proteins interacting with NHR-49-GFP according to co-IP and LC-MS. N.A. WBPaper00064071:NHR-49_interacting
  Transcripts expressed in body muscle, according to PAT-Seq analysis using Pmyo-3-GFP-3XFLAG mRNA tagging. Cufflinks FPKM value >=1. WBPaper00050990:body-muscle_expressed
  Transcripts expressed in GABAergic neuron, according to PAT-Seq analysis using Punc-47-GFP-3XFLAG mRNA tagging. Cufflinks FPKM value >=1. WBPaper00050990:GABAergic-neuron_expressed
  Transcripts expressed in hypodermis, according to PAT-Seq analysis using Pdpy-7-GFP-3XFLAG mRNA tagging. Cufflinks FPKM value >=1. WBPaper00050990:hypodermis_expressed
  Transcripts expressed in intestine, according to PAT-Seq analysis using Pges-1-GFP-3XFLAG mRNA tagging. Cufflinks FPKM value >=1. WBPaper00050990:intestine_expressed
  Transcripts expressed in NMDA neuron, according to PAT-Seq analysis using Pnmr-1-GFP-3XFLAG mRNA tagging. Cufflinks FPKM value >=1. WBPaper00050990:NMDA-neuron_expressed
  Transcripts expressed in seam cells, according to PAT-Seq analysis using Pgrd-10-GFP-3XFLAG mRNA tagging. Cufflinks FPKM value >=1. WBPaper00050990:seam_expressed
  Transcripts that showed significantly increased expression in day 1 adult hermaphrodite comparing to in L4 larva fem-3(q20) animals. Fold change > 2, FDR < 0.05 WBPaper00064088:Day-1-adult_vs_L4_upregulated_fem-3(q20)
  Transcripts that showed significantly increased expression in day 3 adult hermaphrodite comparing to in L4 larva fem-3(q20) animals. Fold change > 2, FDR < 0.05 WBPaper00064088:Day-3-adult_vs_L4_upregulated_fem-3(q20)
Bacteria diet: Sphingomonas aquatilis Yellow. Fed for 30 generations. Transcripts that showed significantly decreased expression after fed by bacteria Sphingomonas aquatilis (Yellow) for 30 generations comparing to animals fed by E. coli OP50. DESeq2 fold change > 2, p-value < 0.01. WBPaper00061007:S.aquatilis_downregulated
  Maternal class (M): genes that are called present in at least one of the three PC6 replicates. A modified Welch F statistic was used for ANOVA. For each gene, regressed error estimates were substituted for observed error estimates. The substitution is justified by the lack of consistency among the most and least variable genes at each time point. Regressed error estimates were abundance-dependent pooled error estimates that represented a median error estimate from a window of genes of similar abundance to the gene of interest. A randomization test was used to compute the probability Pg of the observed F statistic for gene g under the null hypothesis that developmental time had no effect on expression. P-values were not corrected for multiple testing. [cgc5767]:expression_class_M
Bacteria infection: Staphylococcus aureus MW2. 4 hours of exposure. Transcripts that showed significantly increased expression after N2 animals had 4 hours of infection by Staphylococcus aureus (MW2). DEseq 1.18.0, adjusted p-value < 0.05. WBPaper00056471:S.aureus-4h_upregulated_N2
  Strictly maternal class (SM): genes that are the subset of maternal genes that are not also classified as embryonic. A modified Welch F statistic was used for ANOVA. For each gene, regressed error estimates were substituted for observed error estimates. The substitution is justified by the lack of consistency among the most and least variable genes at each time point. Regressed error estimates were abundance-dependent pooled error estimates that represented a median error estimate from a window of genes of similar abundance to the gene of interest. A randomization test was used to compute the probability Pg of the observed F statistic for gene g under the null hypothesis that developmental time had no effect on expression. P-values were not corrected for multiple testing. [cgc5767]:expression_class_SM
  Transcripts that showed significantly increased expression in animals exposed to 400uM tamoxifen from L1 to L4 larva stage. DEseq2, fold change > 2 WBPaper00064505:tamoxifen_upregulated
  Transcripts that showed significantly altered expression after 24 hour exposure to stavudine (d4T) starting at L1 lava stage. DESeq WBPaper00053302:stavudine_24h_regulated
  Transcripts depleted in purified oocyte P bodies comparing to in whole oocytes. DESeq2, FDR < 0.05, fold change > 2. WBPaper00065975:P-body_vs_oocyte_depleted
  Transcripts depleted in purified oocyte P bodies comparing to in the whole animal. DESeq2, FDR < 0.05, fold change > 2. WBPaper00065975:P-body_vs_WholeAnimal_depleted
  Transcripts detected in body muscle nuclei according to a nuclear FACS-based strategy. Cufflinks WBPaper00065120:body-muscle-transcriptome
  Transcripts that showed significantly decreased expression in tetraploid N2 comparing to diploid N2 animals at L4 larva stage. DESeq2 R package (1.20.0), fold change > 2, and FDR < 0.05. WBPaper00066110:tetraploid_vs_diploid_downregulated
  Transcripts detected in germline isolated from day-1 adult hermaphrodite animals. All three experiments have CPM >= 1. WBPaper00067147:germline_expressed
Bacteria: B.thuringiensis Transcripts in elt-2(RNAi) animals that were significantly differentially expressed at least for one time point and one pathogenic strain Bt247 and Bt679 compared to the non pathogenic strain Bt407. Cuffdiff WBPaper00060358:B.thuringiensis_pathogen_regulated_elt-2(RNAi)
  Genes that were not enriched in either spermatogenic fem-3(q96gf) nor oogenic fog-2(q71) gonads, according to RNAseq analysis. To identify differentially expressed transcripts, authors used R/Bioconductor package DESeq. WBPaper00045521:Gender_Neutral
  Transcripts that showed altered expression from P0 to F2 generation animals after N2 parental generation were treated with antimycin, but not in damt-1(gk961032) P0 to F2 animals after the parenal generaton were treated with antimycin. N.A. WBPaper00055862:antimycin_damt-1(gk961032)_regulated
  Transcripts that showed significantly decreased expression in the neurons of bcat-1(RNAi) animals at 5-days post L4 adult hermaphrodite stage, comparing to animals injected with empty vector. DESeq2. FDR < 0.05. WBPaper00060459:bcat-1(RNAi)_downregulated
  Proteins identified in extracellular vesicle. N.A. WBPaper00062669:extracellular-vesicle_protein
  Transcripts that showed significantly decreased expression in nhl-2(ok818) comparing to in N2 at 25C. EdgeR, FDR < 0.05, fold change < 0.5. WBPaper00055971:nhl-2(ok818)_25C_upregulated
  Transcripts that showed decreased expression in hlh-11(ko1) knockout strain comparing to in wild type background. DESeq2, FDR < 0.05 WBPaper00060683:hlh-11(ko1)_downregulated

22 Expression Patterns

Remark Reporter Gene Primary Identifier Pattern Subcellular Localization
Picture: Fig 4, Fig S1.   Expr4897   At the time of pronuclear meeting in wild type, an anteriorly enriched cortical network of relatively large actomyosin bundles is replaced by a more finely reticular F-actin network in which NMY-2 is focused in small, isolated aggregates. Both F-actin and NMY-2 localize most densely to a cap covering the anterior half of the zygote, and a separate, less dense cap of actomyosin also is observed over the posterior pole. The lowest density of NMY-2 aggregates is consistently found in an intermediate zone that encircles the position of the NCC at the beginning of centration. Interestingly, the highest NMY-2 density is always found at the boundary between this intermediate zone and the anterior cap; until a late stage of centration, this myosin-dense ring is several micrometers anterior to the advancing NCC. Although aggregates appeared to be highly mobile, the overall NMY-2 distribution pattern persisted past the end of centration.
    Expr1031766 Tiling arrays expression graphs  
Strain: BC14855 [nmy-2::gfp] transcriptional fusion. PCR products were amplified using primer A: 5' [CAGTTGTCTTGTTCTCCTCGACT] 3' and primer B 5' [CGCTGGAGCTGTTGTTGTAA] 3'. Expr5811 Adult Expression: intestine; Nervous System; tail neurons; Larval Expression: intestine; Reproductive System; distal tip cell; Nervous System; tail neurons;  
Picture: Figs. 4C to E.   Expr8126   NMY-2::GFP (zuIs45) localized to the membranes of proximal PGCs in late L4 hermaphrodites where spermatogenesis is occurring and was present in a similar pattern in males.
    Expr13287 The transcriptional reporter (nmy-2p::gfp) showed strong expression in seam cells in the three-fold embryo as well as in L1 and L2 larvae. Seam-specic expression seemed to decrease from embryo to larvae, becoming obscured by strong expression in other tissues during adulthood, including head neurons, the vulva, the posterior intestine, and the rectal gland.  
    Expr10990   Enrichment of NMY-2::GFP was observed specifically at the membrane surrounding the rachis bridge. NMY-2::GFP was also observed in puncta in the distal germline. Because of the small size of the germ cells, it was not possible to determine if NMY-2::GFP exclusively localized to the membrane or is also present in the cytosol. At the loop region where the germ cells enlarge and undergo oocyte commitment, NMY-2::GFP displayed clear germ cell membrane localization (data not shown).
    Expr3282 Localized to cortical surfaces in the gonad, but distribution was distinct from that of ANI-2 (See Expr3281). Expression was less specific for the rachis surface and also localized prominently to the lateral surfaces of the developing oocytes.  
    Expr11057 During tail tip morphogenesis (mL4 = mid-L4), foci of NMY-2::GFP are observed at the apical surfaces of the migrating tail tip cells. An NMY- 2::GFP cap forms at the posterior surface of the migrating tail tip cells, and later (lL4 = late L4) along the ventral surface of the entire male tail.  
    Expr13292   NMY-2 exhibited approximately 4-fold enrichment at contracting edges versus non-contracting edges and approximately 7-fold enrichment at the rosette center relative to the planar contacts between cells engaged in the rosette.
    Expr9195 Myosin II localizes evenly in QR.a cell at metaphase but distributes asymmetrically during anaphase.  
    Marker117 Marker for cytokinetic signaling.  
    Expr13046   Before or during early stages of ventral enclosure, NMY-2:GFP localizes to cell boundaries and as foci that are scattered around the embryo. Just prior to pocket closure, the foci form a ring-like pattern around the ventral pocket, which appears to enrich as the pocket closes. Some of the foci in the ventral epidermal cells overlap with adhesion junctions, visualized by staining fixed embryos with MH27 antibodies that detect the adherens junction marker AJM-1, while other foci localize along the junction-free edges of the cells. Myosin also localizes near the surface of cells in the ventral pocket. Myosin appears to assemble into an interconnected network that spans multiple epidermal cells. Interestingly, the foci in the epidermal cells align with ANI-1 (C. elegans anillin)-positive neuroblasts found beneath the epidermal cells, while other foci appeared to be in the neuroblasts. The localization of myosin as foci in both the epidermal cells and neuroblasts suggests that myosin may be associated with contractile events in both cell types during ventral enclosure. The myosin foci in both the epidermal and neuroblast cells are highly dynamic during ventral enclosure and display intercellular patterns - as a ring around the pocket, and as star-like networks in the neuroblasts.
    Expr11785 At initiation of migration, DTCs express NMY-2.  
    Expr2032582 Single cell embryonic expression. Only cell types with an expression fraction of greater 0.2 of the maximum expressed fraction are labeled (Full data can be downloaded from http://caltech.wormbase.org/pub/wormbase/datasets-published/packer2019/). The colors represent the broad cell class to which the cell type has been assigned. The size of the point is proportional to the log2 of the numbers of cells in the dataset of that cell type. Interactive visualizations are available as a web app (https://cello.shinyapps.io/celegans/) and can also be installed as an R package (https://github.com/qinzhu/VisCello.celegans).  
    Expr14311   GFP tagged Myosin and Anillin, expressed under endogenous promoters, are visible in the cortex and contractile ring in 1 to 4 cell stage embryos.
    Expr1170031 Time-lapse fluorescence microscopy was performed, including DIC for morphology. Gene expression patterns were summarized in 4 manners: Average over time, Average over time and at different positions along the anterior-posterior (AP) axis, a voxelized representation over time, and on individual cells overlaid from a reference coordinate dataset (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ydbio.2009.06.014). The analysis was done with a pipeline based on the multi-purpose image analysis software Endrov (https://doi.org/10.1038/nmeth.2478), which further is needed to browse the raw recording data. Thumbnail movies were also generated, using maximum Z projection for the 3D fluorescence channel. Raw recordings available in the Endrov OST-file format are available at https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-BIAD191?query=S-BIAD191  
    Expr2014341 Single cell embryonic expression. Only cell types with an expression fraction of greater 0.2 of the maximum expressed fraction are labeled (Full data can be downloaded from http://caltech.wormbase.org/pub/wormbase/datasets-published/packer2019/). The colors represent the broad cell class to which the cell type has been assigned. The size of the point is proportional to the log2 of the numbers of cells in the dataset of that cell type. Interactive visualizations are available as a web app (https://cello.shinyapps.io/celegans/) and can also be installed as an R package (https://github.com/qinzhu/VisCello.celegans).  
    Expr1018001 Developmental gene expression time-course. Raw data can be downloaded from ftp://caltech.wormbase.org/pub/wormbase/datasets-published/levin2012  
    Expr3433   As the embryo completes meiosis II, the sperm MTOC becomes visible in the posterior half of the embryo and moves into close association with the cortex. The sperm MTOC either appears and remains at the posterior pole or appears at an abaxial position before shifting to the posterior pole; this variation presumably reflects variation in the site of sperm entry. Regardless of its initial position, there was an immediate cessation in the formation of new NMY-2::GFP foci in the cortical region nearest the sperm MTOC. Existing foci and smaller filaments in this region moved rapidly and radially away from the sperm MTOC, generating a posterior zone devoid of foci and with a relatively smooth surface membrane. At the same time, foci throughout the cortex began to move toward the opposite, anterior pole at speeds up to 7.66 +/- 1.0 um/min (n = 6). Local clusters or chains of foci and interfoci continued their apparent contractions while moving collectively to the anterior, generating waves of surface invaginations previously described as ruffling. The general, anterior movement of foci was altered in the vicinity of pronounced surface contractions, where local foci moved transiently toward the contraction. The anterior flow generated a focus-rich anterior cap and a complementary posterior clear zone containing only small, dispersed filaments. Within the anterior cap, individual foci continued to coalesce, move and disappear with lifetimes similar to those seen in earlier embryos. Within the posterior clear zone, small filaments moved toward the anterior, and appeared to coalesce into new foci near the posterior rim of the anterior cap. This posterior rim eventually constricted about the circumference of the egg to form the pseudocleavage furrow. Thus a local change in the assembly/disassembly dynamics of NMY-2::GFP foci near the sperm MTOC, plus a continuous flow of NMY-2::GFP-containing structures away from the sperm MTOC, results in an enrichment of NMY-2::GFP at the anterior cortex. Near the end of meiosis II, but prior to the onset of cortical flows, NMY-2::GFP was enriched throughout the cortex in a dynamic network of filaments and numerous dense foci. Individual foci appeared to coalesce from an initially dispersed population of smaller filaments. Once formed, foci moved short distances toward or away from one another before disappearing again, with average lifetimes of 117.9 39.8 s (n = 66 foci in 3 embryos). Neighboring foci were often linked by thicker filaments that were called interfoci. Variably shaped clusters or chains of foci and interfoci often appeared to contract simultaneously, and these contractions were associated with shallow, transient invaginations in the surface of the embryo. Previous immunostaining studies did not detect an enrichment of NMY-2 at the anterior cortex during the first cell cycle. These experiments were repeated using the fixation and staining conditions in this article and endogenous NMY-2 was indeed distributed in the same, asymmetrical pattern as described here for NMY-2::GFP in living embryos.
    Expr3114   NMY-2 and UNC-45 are concentrated at the cell cortex, and the staining patterns are largely coincident (although there are slight differences in intensity). Cortex staining for UNC-45 is apparent both where a fluorescent secondary antibody is used, and where UNC-45 antisera is directly labeled with a fluorescent marker (data not shown). Therefore, the two proteins colocalize in vivo, supporting the two-hybrid evidence that they may physically interact.
Original chronogram file: chronogram.501.xml [F20G4.3:gfp] transcriptional fusion. Chronogram1620    
    Expr1149088 Developmental gene expression time-course. Raw data can be downloaded from ftp://caltech.wormbase.org/pub/wormbase/datasets-published/hashimshony2015  

33 GO Annotation

Annotation Extension Qualifier
  enables
  enables
  enables
  enables
  enables
  enables
  enables
  enables
  involved_in
  involved_in
  involved_in
  involved_in
  enables
  enables
  enables
  enables
  located_in
  located_in
  located_in
  located_in
  involved_in
  involved_in
  involved_in
part_of(GO:0055059) involved_in
  part_of
  part_of
  located_in
  part_of
  located_in
existence_overlaps(GO:0055059) located_in

14 Homologues

Type
orthologue
orthologue
orthologue
orthologue
orthologue
orthologue
orthologue
orthologue
orthologue
orthologue
orthologue
orthologue
orthologue
orthologue

1 Locations


Feature . Primary Identifier
Start End Strand
WBGene00003777 7926623 7934577 -1

33 Ontology Annotations

Annotation Extension Qualifier
  enables
  enables
  enables
  enables
  enables
  enables
  enables
  enables
  involved_in
  involved_in
  involved_in
  involved_in
  enables
  enables
  enables
  enables
  located_in
  located_in
  located_in
  located_in
  involved_in
  involved_in
  involved_in
part_of(GO:0055059) involved_in
  part_of
  part_of
  located_in
  part_of
  located_in
existence_overlaps(GO:0055059) located_in

0 Regulates Expr Cluster

1 Sequence

Length
7955

1 Sequence Ontology Term

Identifier Name Description
gene  

7 Strains

WormBase ID
WBStrain00024208
WBStrain00024223
WBStrain00024233
WBStrain00035727
WBStrain00040459
WBStrain00040458
WBStrain00003254

1 Upstream Intergenic Region

WormBase ID Name Sequence Name Length (nt) Chromosome Location Organism
intergenic_region_chrI_7934578..7936263   1686 I: 7934578-7936263 Caenorhabditis elegans