WormMine: Gene WBGene00000608

• WormBase Gene ID: WBGene00000608
• Gene Name: col-19
• Sequence Name: ZK1193.1
• Brief Description: col-19 encodes a member of the collagen superfamily containing collagen triple helix repeats (20 copies) that is required for normal structure of the alae; expressed during the L2-to-dauer and L4-to-adult molts with strongest expression in adult animals.
• Organism: Caenorhabditis elegans
• Automated Description: A structural constituent of collagen and cuticulin-based cuticle. Involved in cuticle development involved in collagen and cuticulin-based cuticle molting cycle. Located in alae of collagen and cuticulin-based cuticle extracellular matrix and annuli extracellular matrix. Expressed in cuticle; hyp7 syncytium; syncytium; vulva; and in male.
• Biotype: SO:0001217
• Genetic Position: X :-19.9103±
• Length (nt): 985

1 Organism

• Name: Caenorhabditis elegans
• Taxon Id: 6239

1 Synonyms

• Value: WBGene00000608

Genomics

1 Transcripts

WormMine ID	Sequence Name	Length (nt)	Chromosome Location
Transcript:ZK1193.1.1	ZK1193.1.1	932	X: 421707-422691

Other

1 CDSs

WormMine ID	Sequence Name	Length (nt)	Chromosome Location
CDS:ZK1193.1	ZK1193.1	870	X: 421724-421858

14 RNAi Result

• WBRNAi00007456
• WBRNAi00059150
• WBRNAi00021827
• WBRNAi00027594
• WBRNAi00079561
• WBRNAi00079699
• WBRNAi00079745
• WBRNAi00079837
• WBRNAi00079515
• WBRNAi00079607
• WBRNAi00079653
• WBRNAi00079791
• WBRNAi00082856
• WBRNAi00082855

26 Allele

• gk963652
• gk963725
• WBVar00074264
• gk545609
• gk926072
• gk698337
• gk791460
• gk736828
• gk582053
• gk921458
• gk581586
• gk623099
• gk687322
• gk588305
• gk859291
• gk596189
• gk849078
• gk798236
• gk657520
• gk896352
• gk647871
• WBVar01639547
• gk269020
• gk269019
• gk962792
• syb4625

1 Chromosome

• WormBase ID: X
• Organism: Caenorhabditis elegans
• Length (nt): 17718942

1 Chromosome Location

• Feature . Primary Identifier: WBGene00000608
• Start: 421707
• End: 422691
• Strand: 1

4 Data Sets

• WormBaseAcedbConverter
• GO Annotation data set
• C. elegans genomic annotations (GFF3 Gene)
• Panther orthologue and paralogue predictions

0 Downstream Intergenic Region

279 Expression Clusters

Regulated By Treatment	Description	Algorithm	Primary Identifier
	Transcripts expressed in neuronal cells, by analyzingfluorescence-activated cell sorted (FACS) neurons.	DESeq. False discovry rate (FDR) < 0.1.	WBPaper00048988:neuron_expressed
adult vs dauer larva	Transcripts that showed differential expression in adult vs dauer lava in N2 animals at 20C.	N.A.	WBPaper00050488:adult_vs_dauer_regulated_N2_20C
	Transcripts that showed significantly decreased expression in AGP22 [nhr-49(nr2041)I;glp-1(e2141)III] comparing to in CF1903 [glp-1(e2144)III] at Day 2 adults.	Fold change > 2, p Value of < 0.05 and a false discovery rate (FDR) of < 0.05.	WBPaper00061530:nhr-49(e2144)_downregulated
	mRNAs that showed decreased expression in 1 cell mebryo comparing to in oocyte, according to RNAseq analysis.	Gaussian error propagation. As cutoff for the up-regulated genes authors used log2 fold change > 1 and P < 0.05 and as cutoff for the down-regulated genes authors used log2 fold change < -1 and P < 0.05.	WBPaper00045420:fertilization_downregulated_transcript
	Genes that showed expression levels higher than the corresponding reference sample (embryonic 24hr reference).	A Mann-Whitney U test with an empirical background model and FDR correction for multiple testing was used to detect expressed transcripts (Benjamini and Hochberg 1995). Genes and TARs with an FDR <= 0.05 were reported as expressed above background. Authors detected differentially expressed transcripts using a method based on linear models. Genes and TARs were called differentially expressed if the FDR was <= 0.05 and the fold change (FC) >= 2.0. To more strictly correct for potential false-positives resulting from multiple sample comparisons, authors divided individual FDR estimates by the number of samplesor sample comparisons, respectively. This resulted in an adjusted FDR of 1.3 * 0.0001 for expression above background and of 7.4 * 0.0001 for differential expression. Authors called genes selectively enriched in a given tissue if they met the following requirements: (1) enriched expression in a given tissue (FDR <= 0.05 and FC >= 2.0), (2) fold change versus reference among the upper 40% of the positive FC range observed for this gene across all tissues, and (3) fold-change entropy among the lower 40% of the distribution observed for all genes.	WBPaper00037950:AVE-neuron_L1-larva_expressed
	Genes that showed expression levels higher than the corresponding reference sample (embryonic 24hr reference).	A Mann-Whitney U test with an empirical background model and FDR correction for multiple testing was used to detect expressed transcripts (Benjamini and Hochberg 1995). Genes and TARs with an FDR <= 0.05 were reported as expressed above background. Authors detected differentially expressed transcripts using a method based on linear models. Genes and TARs were called differentially expressed if the FDR was <= 0.05 and the fold change (FC) >= 2.0. To more strictly correct for potential false-positives resulting from multiple sample comparisons, authors divided individual FDR estimates by the number of samplesor sample comparisons, respectively. This resulted in an adjusted FDR of 1.3 * 0.0001 for expression above background and of 7.4 * 0.0001 for differential expression. Authors called genes selectively enriched in a given tissue if they met the following requirements: (1) enriched expression in a given tissue (FDR <= 0.05 and FC >= 2.0), (2) fold change versus reference among the upper 40% of the positive FC range observed for this gene across all tissues, and (3) fold-change entropy among the lower 40% of the distribution observed for all genes.	WBPaper00037950:bodywall-muscle_L1-larva_expressed
	Transcripts that showed significantly increased expression glp-1(e2141); TU3401 animals comparing to in TU3401 animals.	Fold change > 2, FDR < 0.01.	WBPaper00065993:glp-1(e2141)_upregulated
Bacteria infection: Enterococcus faecalis OG1RF. Exposure for 16 hours.	Transcripts that showed significantly decreased expression in N2 after animals were exposed to E. faecalis OG1RF for 16 hours comparing to exposure to E. Coli OP50.	Cuffcompare and Cuffdiff	WBPaper00056090:E.faecalis_downregulated_N2
Heat shock: 35C for 1 hour.	Transcripts that showed significantly increased expression immediately after 1-day post L4 adult hermaphrodite endu-2(tm4977) animals were exposed to 35C for 1 hour.	The DESeq2 (GalaxyVersion 2.11.40.6 + galaxy1) was used to determine differentiallyexpressed features from count tables of differential transcript abundances. log2FC > 1, FDR < 0.01.	WBPaper00065749:Heat-Shock_upregulated_endu-2(tm4977)
Heat shock: 35C for 1 hour.	Transcripts that showed significantly increased expression immediately after 1-day post L4 adult hermaphrodite N2 animals were exposed to 35C for 1 hour.	The DESeq2 (GalaxyVersion 2.11.40.6 + galaxy1) was used to determine differentiallyexpressed features from count tables of differential transcript abundances. log2FC > 1, FDR < 0.01.	WBPaper00065749:Heat-Shock_upregulated_N2
	Upregulated mRNAs and lncRNAs in dot-1.1(knu339); ced-3(n1286) relative to ced-3(n1286).	edgeR, fold change > 2, FDR < 0.05.	WBPaper00065759:dot-1.1(knu339)_upregulated
	Proteins interacting with NHR-49-GFP according to co-IP and LC-MS.	N.A.	WBPaper00064071:NHR-49_interacting
	Transcripts that showed significantly decreased expression at 5-days-post L4 adult N2 hermaphrodites comparing to 1-day-post L4 adult N2 hermaphrodites.	DESeq2, fold change > 2, FDR < 0.05	WBPaper00065835:Day5_vs_Day1_downregulated
	Transcripts expressed in GABAergic neuron, according to PAT-Seq analysis using Punc-47-GFP-3XFLAG mRNA tagging.	Cufflinks FPKM value >=1.	WBPaper00050990:GABAergic-neuron_expressed
	Transcripts that showed significantly decreased expression at 11-days-post L4 adult N2 hermaphrodites comparing to 1-day-post L4 adult N2 hermaphrodites.	DESeq2, fold change > 2, FDR < 0.05	WBPaper00065835:Day11_vs_Day1_downregulated
	Transcripts expressed in hypodermis, according to PAT-Seq analysis using Pdpy-7-GFP-3XFLAG mRNA tagging.	Cufflinks FPKM value >=1.	WBPaper00050990:hypodermis_expressed
	Transcripts expressed in intestine, according to PAT-Seq analysis using Pges-1-GFP-3XFLAG mRNA tagging.	Cufflinks FPKM value >=1.	WBPaper00050990:intestine_expressed
	Maternal class (M): genes that are called present in at least one of the three PC6 replicates.	A modified Welch F statistic was used for ANOVA. For each gene, regressed error estimates were substituted for observed error estimates. The substitution is justified by the lack of consistency among the most and least variable genes at each time point. Regressed error estimates were abundance-dependent pooled error estimates that represented a median error estimate from a window of genes of similar abundance to the gene of interest. A randomization test was used to compute the probability Pg of the observed F statistic for gene g under the null hypothesis that developmental time had no effect on expression. P-values were not corrected for multiple testing.	[cgc5767]:expression_class_M
	Transcripts expressed in NMDA neuron, according to PAT-Seq analysis using Pnmr-1-GFP-3XFLAG mRNA tagging.	Cufflinks FPKM value >=1.	WBPaper00050990:NMDA-neuron_expressed
mitochondrial sulfide delivery molecule (mtH2S) AP39	Transcripts that showed significantly increased expression in N2 animals treated with mitochondrial sulfide delivery molecule (mtH2S) AP39 starting from 1-day-post L4 until 11 days post L4.	DESeq2, fold change > 2, FDR < 0.05	WBPaper00065835:mtH2S-AP39-D0-treatment_upregulated_Day11
	Transcripts that showed significantly decreased expression in prx-5(RNAi) animals.	Fold change > 2, p-value < 0.05.	WBPaper00060911:prx-5(RNAi)_downregulated_mRNA
	Genes with expression level regulated by genotype (N2 vs CB4856) and age at old adults stage (214 hours at 24 centigrade).	For model 2, authors used 100 permutations to estimate the FDR threshold. Per permutation, genotypes and ages were independently randomly distributed, keeping the among-gene structure intact. Then for each spot (23,232) on the array, model 2 was tested. The obtained P-values were used to estimate a threshold for each of the explanatory factors. Authors also used a genome-wide threshold of -log10 P-value = 2, which resembles an FDR of 0.072 and 0.060 for marker and the interaction age-marker for the developing worms and FDR of 0.050 and 0.065 for marker and age-marker for the aging worms. For the physiological age effect, authors used a log10 P-value = 8 in developing worms (0.012 FDR) and -log10 P-value = 6 (0.032 FDR).	WBPaper00040858:eQTL_age_regulated_aging
	Transcripts that showed significantly increased expression in day 1 adult hermaphrodite comparing to in L4 larva daf-16(mu86);glp-1(e2141) animals.	Fold change > 2, FDR < 0.05	WBPaper00064088:Day-1-adult_vs_L4_upregulated_daf-16(mu86);glp-1(e2141)
	Transcripts that showed significantly increased expression in day 1 adult hermaphrodite comparing to in L4 larva fem-3(q20) animals.	Fold change > 2, FDR < 0.05	WBPaper00064088:Day-1-adult_vs_L4_upregulated_fem-3(q20)
	Transcripts that showed significantly increased expression in day 1 adult hermaphrodite comparing to in L4 larva glp-1(e2141) animals.	Fold change > 2, FDR < 0.05	WBPaper00064088:Day-1-adult_vs_L4_upregulated_glp-1(e2141)
	Transcripts that showed significantly increased expression in day 3 adult hermaphrodite comparing to in L4 larva fem-3(q20) animals.	Fold change > 2, FDR < 0.05	WBPaper00064088:Day-3-adult_vs_L4_upregulated_fem-3(q20)
Bacteria infection: Photorhabdus luminescens	Genes down-regulated in animals infected with Photorhabdus luminescens compared to the E. coli OP50 control after 24h of infection.	MAANOVA and BRB-Array-Tools.	WBPaper00030985:Photorhabdus_luminescens_downregulated
	Transcripts that showed significantly increased expression after 24 hours of induction of human beta Amyloid at young adult stage	A 2-fold change in expression level and a false discovery rate analog of p < 0.05.	WBPaper00064130:Beta-Amyloid_24h_upregulated_mRNA
	Strictly maternal class (SM): genes that are the subset of maternal genes that are not also classified as embryonic.	A modified Welch F statistic was used for ANOVA. For each gene, regressed error estimates were substituted for observed error estimates. The substitution is justified by the lack of consistency among the most and least variable genes at each time point. Regressed error estimates were abundance-dependent pooled error estimates that represented a median error estimate from a window of genes of similar abundance to the gene of interest. A randomization test was used to compute the probability Pg of the observed F statistic for gene g under the null hypothesis that developmental time had no effect on expression. P-values were not corrected for multiple testing.	[cgc5767]:expression_class_SM
Bacteria infection: Enterococcus faecalis OG1RF. 16 hours of exposure after L4 larva stage at 25C.	Transcripts that showed significantly decreased expression in N2 animals fed by E. faecalis strain OG1RF for 16 hours after L4 larva stage at 25C.	DESeq2, fold change > 2.	WBPaper00061081:E.faecalis_downregulated_N2

13 Expression Patterns

• Primary Identifier: Expr1162571
• Pattern: Developmental gene expression time-course. Raw data can be downloaded from ftp://caltech.wormbase.org/pub/wormbase/datasets-published/hashimshony2015

• Primary Identifier: Expr1030353
• Pattern: Tiling arrays expression graphs

• Primary Identifier: Expr525
• Remark: Transgenic Marker: rol-6(su1006).
• Pattern: First appears in vulval cells L4-Adult molt, then in seam cells young adult, and non-vulval ventral hypodermal cells of older adults.

• Primary Identifier: Expr12124
• Pattern: In wild-type animals, col-19::gfp was expressed in the hypodermal syncytial hyp7 cells and 16 seam cells.

• Primary Identifier: Expr2456
• Remark: The widespread adult cuticle expression pattern is remarkably similar to that previously described for rabbit polyclonal antibodies raised against total adult cuticles and probed against the surface of live worms, supporting the prediction that the GFP-tagged COL-19 expression may reflect the endogenous COL-19 expression pattern. Additionally, a recent study analyzing the localization of a Ty-tagged DPY-13 transgene displayed a remarkably similar annuli expression pattern to that described here for COL-19::GFP.
• Pattern: COL-19::GFP expression was also examined in dauer stage larvae. After allowing TP12:kaIs(col-19::gfp) strain to starve, a large population of dauer larvae were obtained, examined, and found not to express the COL-19::GFP protein in their cuticles. Likewise, no annuli or ala-specific GFP expression was detected in temperatureinduced dauers of a daf-2(e1370) mutant allele strain crossed with TP12:kaIs(col-19::gfp) males. COL-19::GFP is expressed exclusively in the adult cuticle, with a distinctive spatial expression pattern. The tagged protein is expressed in both forms of hypodermally derived cuticle, specifically, the matrix of the circumferential transverse annuli and the tri-laminate lateral alae. This dominant cuticle matrix expression was similar between adult hermaphrodites and males. In addition, the hermaphrodite-specific vulva fluoresced strongly, as did the male-specific tail structures, including the cuticular ray and fan structures.
• Subcellular Localization: COL-19::GFP was expressed in a transverse banding pattern of approximately 1.2 um in thickness, consistent with the annuli, and was absent from the annular furrows.

• Primary Identifier: Expr15674
• Pattern: In control RNAi animals, COL-19::GFP is enriched in the hypodermal extracellular matrix, constituting regular annular furrows and lateral alae of the cuticle.

• Primary Identifier: Expr508
• Remark: Strain VeIs13[[col-19::gfp rol-6(su1006)] and strains with extrachromosomal arrays gave the same results.
• Pattern: Adult-specific expression in the hypodermis. No expression in embryos or larvae.

• Primary Identifier: Expr2010382
• Pattern: Single cell embryonic expression. Only cell types with an expression fraction of greater 0.2 of the maximum expressed fraction are labeled (Full data can be downloaded from http://caltech.wormbase.org/pub/wormbase/datasets-published/packer2019/). The colors represent the broad cell class to which the cell type has been assigned. The size of the point is proportional to the log2 of the numbers of cells in the dataset of that cell type. Interactive visualizations are available as a web app (https://cello.shinyapps.io/celegans/) and can also be installed as an R package (https://github.com/qinzhu/VisCello.celegans).

• Primary Identifier: Expr1010789
• Pattern: Developmental gene expression time-course. Raw data can be downloaded from ftp://caltech.wormbase.org/pub/wormbase/datasets-published/levin2012

• Primary Identifier: Expr3838
• Subcellular Localization: COL-19::GFP localizes to the lateral alae and circumferential annular rings of the cuticle.

• Primary Identifier: Expr1393
• Pattern: Expressed adult specifically.

• Primary Identifier: Expr2028624
• Pattern: Single cell embryonic expression. Only cell types with an expression fraction of greater 0.2 of the maximum expressed fraction are labeled (Full data can be downloaded from http://caltech.wormbase.org/pub/wormbase/datasets-published/packer2019/). The colors represent the broad cell class to which the cell type has been assigned. The size of the point is proportional to the log2 of the numbers of cells in the dataset of that cell type. Interactive visualizations are available as a web app (https://cello.shinyapps.io/celegans/) and can also be installed as an R package (https://github.com/qinzhu/VisCello.celegans).

• Primary Identifier: Expr766
• Remark: This information was extracted from published material (Archana Sharma-Oates, Andrew Mounsey and Ian A. Hope). Type: Phage_hybridization. Equimolar amounts of plasmid DNAs(containing subcloned collagen genes) were spotted in an ordered array onto nitrocellulose filters and hybridized with P32-labeled cDNA from different developmental stages as for the phage hybridization experiments.
• Pattern: Strong expressed in adult, faint in dauer.

11 GO Annotation

2 Homologues

1 Locations

• Feature . Primary Identifier: WBGene00000608
• Start: 421707
• End: 422691
• Strand: 1

11 Ontology Annotations

0 Regulates Expr Cluster

1 Sequence

• Length: 985

1 Sequence Ontology Term