WormMine: Gene WBGene00004789

• WormBase Gene ID: WBGene00004789
• Gene Name: sgk-1
• Sequence Name: W10G6.2
• Brief Description: sgk-1 encodes a serine/threonine protein kinase that is orthologous to the mammalian serum- and glucocorticoid-inducible kinases (SGKs); in C. elegans, sgk-1 activity is required for normal egg laying, generation time, stress response, and adult life span; SGK-1 forms a complex with the AKT kinases with which it functions in parallel to mediate certain aspects of DAF-2/insulin-signaling; SGK-1 phosphorylates DAF-16 in vitro in a manner strictly dependent upon pdk-1 which encodes a 3-phosphoinositide-dependent kinase; an SGK-1::GFP fusion protein is expressed beginning in late embryonic stages and in larvae is seen in sensory and motor neurons as well as in the intestine; in neurons SGK-1::GFP localizes to the cytoplasm and the nucleus, while in the intestine SGK-1::GFP is found exclusively in the cytoplasm.
• Organism: Caenorhabditis elegans
• Automated Description: Enables phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate binding activity and protein serine/threonine kinase activity. Involved in several processes, including mesendoderm development; positive regulation of vitellogenesis; and regulation of protein localization to basolateral plasma membrane. Located in cytoplasm and nucleus. Expressed in intestine; neurons; and tail neurons. Human ortholog(s) of this gene implicated in cystadenocarcinoma (multiple); granulosa cell tumor; and hypertension. Is an ortholog of human C8orf44-SGK3 (C8orf44-SGK3 readthrough); SGK2 (serum/glucocorticoid regulated kinase 2); and SGK3 (serum/glucocorticoid regulated kinase family member 3).
• Biotype: SO:0001217
• Genetic Position: X :23.6985 ±0.006601
• Length (nt): 7281

1 Organism

• Name: Caenorhabditis elegans
• Taxon Id: 6239

1 Synonyms

• Value: WBGene00004789

Genomics

3 Transcripts

WormMine ID	Sequence Name	Length (nt)	Chromosome Location
Transcript:W10G6.2a.2	W10G6.2a.2	1543	X: 16254842-16260128
Transcript:W10G6.2a.1	W10G6.2a.1	1635	X: 16254843-16262122
Transcript:W10G6.2b.1	W10G6.2b.1	1392	X: 16255015-16262051

Other

2 CDSs

WormMine ID	Sequence Name	Length (nt)	Chromosome Location
CDS:W10G6.2a	W10G6.2a	1362	X: 16255015-16255106
CDS:W10G6.2b	W10G6.2b	1392	X: 16255015-16255106

44 RNAi Result

• WBRNAi00087402
• WBRNAi00087404
• WBRNAi00087405
• WBRNAi00055113
• WBRNAi00036444
• WBRNAi00038557
• WBRNAi00038558
• WBRNAi00038559
• WBRNAi00038560
• WBRNAi00038561
• WBRNAi00038563
• WBRNAi00088028
• WBRNAi00088027
• WBRNAi00098388
• WBRNAi00098390
• WBRNAi00098389
• WBRNAi00098391
• WBRNAi00078071
• WBRNAi00087416
• WBRNAi00108285
• WBRNAi00087417
• WBRNAi00087418
• WBRNAi00087391
• WBRNAi00087392
• WBRNAi00087394
• WBRNAi00087395
• WBRNAi00087398
• WBRNAi00087399
• WBRNAi00087380
• WBRNAi00087382

164 Allele

• gk964260
• gk962707
• gk963810
• gk963581
• gk963633
• gk962525
• otn12722
• otn12721
• otn12724
• otn12723
• otn12725
• WBVar01929388
• WBVar01929389
• WBVar01929391
• WBVar01929390
• gk305316
• gk305315
• gk305314
• gk305313
• gk305312
• gk305311
• gk305321
• gk305320
• gk305319
• gk305318
• gk305317
• gk305326
• gk305325
• gk305324
• gk305323

1 Chromosome

• WormBase ID: X
• Organism: Caenorhabditis elegans
• Length (nt): 17718942

1 Chromosome Location

• Feature . Primary Identifier: WBGene00004789
• Start: 16254842
• End: 16262122
• Strand: -1

4 Data Sets

• WormBaseAcedbConverter
• GO Annotation data set
• C. elegans genomic annotations (GFF3 Gene)
• Panther orthologue and paralogue predictions

1 Downstream Intergenic Region

• WormBase ID: intergenic_region_chrX_16250780..16254841
• Length (nt): 4062
• Chromosome Location: X: 16250780-16254841
• Organism: Caenorhabditis elegans

141 Expression Clusters

Regulated By Treatment	Description	Algorithm	Primary Identifier
	Genes with expression altered >= 3-fold in dpy-10(e128) mutants.	Data across the wild type series was analyzed using the Significance analysis of Microarrays (SAM) algorithm (to calculate the False Discovery Rate (FDR)).	WBPaper00035873:dpy-10_regulated
	Transcripts of coding genes that showed significantly decreased expression in muscle.	DESeq2 (version 1.24.0). Transcripts with a false-discovery rate adjusted p-value less than 0.05 were considered significantly differentially expressed.	WBPaper00062325:muscle_depleted_coding-RNA
adult vs dauer larva	Transcripts that showed differential expression in adult vs dauer lava in N2 animals at 20C.	N.A.	WBPaper00050488:adult_vs_dauer_regulated_N2_20C
Osmotic stress	Transcripts that showed significantly altered expression with 500 mM salt (NaCl) vs 100 mM salt when food was present	DESeq(version 1.10.1), FDR < 0.05.	WBPaper00050726:OsmoticStress_regulated_Food
Osmotic stress	Transcripts that showed significantly altered expression with 500 mM salt (NaCl) vs 100 mM salt when no food was present	DESeq(version 1.10.1), FDR < 0.05.	WBPaper00050726:OsmoticStress_regulated_NoFood
	Transcripts that showed significantly increased expression glp-1(e2141); TU3401 animals comparing to in TU3401 animals.	Fold change > 2, FDR < 0.01.	WBPaper00065993:glp-1(e2141)_upregulated
	Proteins interacting with NHR-49-GFP according to co-IP and LC-MS.	N.A.	WBPaper00064071:NHR-49_interacting
	Transcripts that showed significantly decreased expression at 11-days-post L4 adult N2 hermaphrodites comparing to 1-day-post L4 adult N2 hermaphrodites.	DESeq2, fold change > 2, FDR < 0.05	WBPaper00065835:Day11_vs_Day1_downregulated
	Transcripts expressed in intestine, according to PAT-Seq analysis using Pges-1-GFP-3XFLAG mRNA tagging.	Cufflinks FPKM value >=1.	WBPaper00050990:intestine_expressed
Bacteria infection: Bacillus thuringiensis	mRNAs that showed significantly decreased expression after pathogenic bacteria Bacillus thuringiensis infections comparing to non pathogenic BT (BT247(1 to 10 mix) vs BT407 6h), according to RNAseq.	Cuffdiff, ajusted p-value < 0.01.	WBPaper00046497:B.thuringiensis_0.1mix_downregulated_6h
Bacteria infection: Bacillus thuringiensis	mRNAs that showed significantly decreased expression after pathogenic bacteria Bacillus thuringiensis infections comparing to non pathogenic BT (BT247(1 to 10 mix) vs BT407 12h), according to RNAseq.	Cuffdiff, ajusted p-value < 0.01.	WBPaper00046497:B.thuringiensis_0.1mix_downregulated_12h
Bacteria infection: Bacillus thuringiensis	mRNAs that showed significantly decreased expression after pathogenic bacteria Bacillus thuringiensis infections comparing to non pathogenic BT (BT247(1 to 2 mix) vs BT407 6h), according to RNAseq.	Cuffdiff, ajusted p-value < 0.01.	WBPaper00046497:B.thuringiensis_0.5mix_downregulated_6h
	Transcripts that showed significantly increased expression in sin-3(tm1276) comparing to in N2.	DESeq2, fold change > 2, p-value < 0.01.	WBPaper00061203:sin-3(tm1276)_upregulated
Bacteria infection: Bacillus thuringiensis	mRNAs that showed significantly decreased expression after pathogenic bacteria Bacillus thuringiensis infections comparing to non pathogenic BT (BT247(1 to 2 mix) vs BT407 12h), according to RNAseq.	Cuffdiff, ajusted p-value < 0.01.	WBPaper00046497:B.thuringiensis_0.5mix_downregulated_12h
	mRNAs that showed differential expression in activated AAK-2(uthIs202[aak-2 (intron 1)::aak-2(aa1-aa321)::Tomato::unc-54 3'UTR + rol-6(su1006)]), activiated CRTC-1 (uthEx222[crtc-1p::crtc-1 cDNA (S76S, S179A)::tdTomato::unc-54 3'UTR + rol-6(su1006)]), or AAK-2;CRTC-1 comparing to in N2.	Genes were tested for differential expression between each mutant strain and wild-type using edgeRs glm method. Briefly, negative binomial models were fitted and dispersion estimates obtained. These were then used to calculate average levels of change between conditions and determine differential expression, using the generalized linear model likelihood ratio test. For each comparison, genes with less than 5 CPM were filtered and those with at least 50% change and False Discovery Rate (FDR) of 1% or less were considered differentially expressed.	WBPaper00046499:AMPK_regulated
Bacteria infection: Staphylococcus aureus MW2. 4 hours of exposure.	Transcripts that showed significantly increased expression after N2 animals had 4 hours of infection by Staphylococcus aureus (MW2).	DEseq 1.18.0, adjusted p-value < 0.05.	WBPaper00056471:S.aureus-4h_upregulated_N2
	Transcripts that showed significantly decreased expression in N2 animals exposed to 0.1mM Paraquat from hatching to reaching adult stage.	DESeq2 version 1.22.2, p < 0.05	WBPaper00064716:paraquat_downregulated
	Transcripts that showed significantly altered expression after 24 hour exposure to stavudine (d4T) starting at L1 lava stage.	DESeq	WBPaper00053302:stavudine_24h_regulated
	Transcripts that showed significantly decreased expression in sin-3(tm1276) comparing to in N2 at early embryo when there were only 3 -5 eggs in the adult.	DESeq2, fold change > 2, adjusted p-value < 0.01	WBPaper00058598:sin-3(tm1276)_downregulated
	Expression Pattern Group C, enriched for genes involved in metabolic processes.	The significance (P 0.0001) of the relative age (time) was used to determine if a gene was differentially expressed between the three age (time) groups. The effect of this factor explaining gene expression differences was used to determine if the expression went up or down during the two age/time periods (t1 - t2 and t2 -t3). Authors used a permutation approach to determine the thresholds for the different mapping strategies. For each of the used models for eQTL mapping, authors used 23,000 permutations. For each permutation, authors randomly picked a spot; each spot could only be picked once. The gene expression and relative lifespan values were than randomly distributed over the RILs (and time points) and used for mapping. In this way, authors obtained a threshold for each of the explaining factors. For the single time points, authors used a FDR of 0.01 to adjust for multiple testing. The genome-wide threshold for this FDR is -log10 P = 3.8 for each of the three time points. For the combined models (t1 to t2 and t2 to t3), authors used a genome-wide threshold of -log10 P = 4, which resembles an FDR of 0.006, 0.001, and 0.006 for marker, age, and the interaction between marker and age, respectively. To determine the threshold for the single gene examples, authors used 1000 permutations as in the genome-wide threshold. The difference is that they use the gene under study in all of the permutations. The P-values for the gene specific thresholds were determined at FDR = 0.05.	WBPaper00036286:Pattern_C
	Transcripts depleted in purified oocyte P bodies comparing to in whole oocytes.	DESeq2, FDR < 0.05, fold change > 2.	WBPaper00065975:P-body_vs_oocyte_depleted
	Transcripts depleted in purified oocyte P bodies comparing to in the whole animal.	DESeq2, FDR < 0.05, fold change > 2.	WBPaper00065975:P-body_vs_WholeAnimal_depleted
Starvation	Starvation-induced transcripts that showed significantly increased expression in post dauer animals comparing to wild type control.	edgeR	WBPaper00053713:Starvation-induced_postdauer_vs_control_upregulated
Reduced humidity (98% relative humidity).	Genes that were down-regulated after one day exposure to reduced humidity (98% relative humidity) according to microarray analysis.	Multiple hypothesis testing with the Benjamini-Hochberg correction was applied on calculated p-values. A change in the expression level was considered to be significant if the adjusted p-value was less than 0.001.	WBPaper00044578:reduced-humidity_downregulated_microarray
Temprature shift to 28C for 48 hours.	Transcripts that showed significantly decreased expression after animals were exposed to 28C temperature for 48 hours.	Differentially expressed genes wereidentified using DESeq (v.1.18.0) by normalizing readsbased on the negative binomial distribution method andcomparing each HS timepoint to the 0-h control.	WBPaper00061341:28C_48h_downregulated
	Proteins that showed significantly decreased expression after 1-day-old wild type adults were exposed to cisplatin (300ug per mL) for 6 hours.	The differential expression analysis was performed in R. Differentially expressed proteins were identified by using a two-sided t-test on log-transformed data.	WBPaper00065373:Cisplatin_downregulated_WT
	Proteins that showed significantly decreased expression in 1-day-old sek-1(km4) adults comparing to in wild type animals, both with 6 hours of cisplatin treatment.	The differential expression analysis was performed in R. Differentially expressed proteins were identified by using a two-sided t-test on log-transformed data.	WBPaper00065373:sek-1(km4)_downregulated_cisplatin
	Transcripts that showed significantly increased expression in ubc-9(ne4833[ubc-9(G56R)] in gonads dissected from 1-day old adult animals.	Salmon was used to map the mRNA-seq reads with the worm database WS268, and its output files were imported to DESeq2 in R. The differentially expressed genes were filtered by fold change more than 2 and adjusted p-value < 0.05. The scatter plots were generated by the plot function in R.	WBPaper00061479:ubc-9(ne4833)_upregulated
Bacteria infection: Staphylococcus aureus	mRNAs that showed increased expression 8 hours after N2 animals were infected by S. aureus.	DESeq, p <= 0.05	WBPaper00045314:S.aureus-induced_N2
	Transcripts that showed significantly increased expression in ilc-17.1(syb5296) comparing to in N2 animals at L4 larva stage.	DESeq2, fold change > 2, FDR < 0.05.	WBPaper00066594:ilc-17.1(syb5296)_upregulated

9 Expression Patterns

• Primary Identifier: Expr2034035
• Pattern: Single cell embryonic expression. Only cell types with an expression fraction of greater 0.2 of the maximum expressed fraction are labeled (Full data can be downloaded from http://caltech.wormbase.org/pub/wormbase/datasets-published/packer2019/). The colors represent the broad cell class to which the cell type has been assigned. The size of the point is proportional to the log2 of the numbers of cells in the dataset of that cell type. Interactive visualizations are available as a web app (https://cello.shinyapps.io/celegans/) and can also be installed as an R package (https://github.com/qinzhu/VisCello.celegans).

• Primary Identifier: Expr2920
• Pattern: In transgenic animals, sgk-1::gfp expression starts in late embryos just before hatching. At postembryonic stages, sgk-1::gfp is expressed in sensory (e.g., ASK, ADL, ASI) and many other neurons. In the tail, sgk-1::gfp is expressed in the sensory neurons PHA and PHB and in the interneurons LUA (identified by costaining with DiI). sgk-1::gfp expression was also observed in the motor neurons of the ventral nerve cord and in the intestine.
• Subcellular Localization: In neurons, SGK-1::GFP is localized both in the cytoplasm and in the nucleus, whereas in the intestine it is exclusively cytoplasmic.

• Primary Identifier: Expr1032376
• Pattern: Tiling arrays expression graphs

• Primary Identifier: Expr12360
• Pattern: SGK-1::GFP was expressed at a high level in the intestine, as well as the head and tail neurons. In the intestinal cells, SGK-1::GFP was seen at the cortex of the plasma membrane (most prominently the apical membrane) and throughout the cytoplasm in a diffuse pattern, occasionally in punctate structures over a diffuse background. SGK-1::GFP expression is seen in embryos, all larval stages and throughout adulthood.

• Primary Identifier: Expr13383
• Pattern: The sgk-1 isoform A promoter drives strong expression in the intestine, but not in neurons.

• Primary Identifier: Expr13384
• Pattern: The sgk-1 isoform B promoter drives expression in the intestine.

• Primary Identifier: Expr1158648
• Pattern: Developmental gene expression time-course. Raw data can be downloaded from ftp://caltech.wormbase.org/pub/wormbase/datasets-published/hashimshony2015

• Primary Identifier: Expr2015802
• Pattern: Single cell embryonic expression. Only cell types with an expression fraction of greater 0.2 of the maximum expressed fraction are labeled (Full data can be downloaded from http://caltech.wormbase.org/pub/wormbase/datasets-published/packer2019/). The colors represent the broad cell class to which the cell type has been assigned. The size of the point is proportional to the log2 of the numbers of cells in the dataset of that cell type. Interactive visualizations are available as a web app (https://cello.shinyapps.io/celegans/) and can also be installed as an R package (https://github.com/qinzhu/VisCello.celegans).

• Primary Identifier: Expr1028504
• Pattern: Developmental gene expression time-course. Raw data can be downloaded from ftp://caltech.wormbase.org/pub/wormbase/datasets-published/levin2012

32 GO Annotation

14 Homologues

1 Locations

• Feature . Primary Identifier: WBGene00004789
• Start: 16254842
• End: 16262122
• Strand: -1

32 Ontology Annotations

0 Regulates Expr Cluster

1 Sequence

• Length: 7281

1 Sequence Ontology Term