WormMine: Gene WBGene00004877

• WormBase Gene ID: WBGene00004877
• Gene Name: smf-2
• Sequence Name: K11G12.3
• Brief Description: smf-2 encodes one of three C. elegans divalent-metal ion transporters (DMTs) orthologous to the mammalian DMT1 transporters and Saccharomyces cerevisiae Smf proteins; in C. elegans, SMF-2 appears to function as both a manganese and iron transporter that regulates metal content; mutations in smf-2 display a decreased tolerance to manganeseexposure; SMF-2 is expressed mainly in the marginal pharyngeal epithelium from late embryogenesis through adulthood; SMF-2 localizes primarily to cytoplasmic compartments, with some apical plasma membrane localization seen in the mc cells; smf-2 is overexpressed in smf-1 and smf-3 mutants, and SMF-2 appears to be required for smf-1 and smf-3 expression changes in response to manganese; when expressed in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, smf-2 can rescue the EGTA hypersensitivity of Smf1+2 mutants.
• Organism: Caenorhabditis elegans
• Automated Description: Predicted to enable cadmium ion transmembrane transporter activity; iron ion transmembrane transporter activity; and manganese ion transmembrane transporter activity. Involved in intracellular iron ion homeostasis; manganese ion homeostasis; and response to manganese ion. Located in apical plasma membrane. Expressed in dopaminergic neurons; gonadal sheath cell; marginal cell; and pharyngeal-intestinal valve. Human ortholog(s) of this gene implicated in several diseases, including autoimmune disease (multiple); leishmaniasis (multiple); and neurodegenerative disease (multiple). Is an ortholog of human SLC11A1 (solute carrier family 11 member 1) and SLC11A2 (solute carrier family 11 member 2).
• Biotype: SO:0001217
• Genetic Position: X :-2.5477 ±0.004848
• Length (nt): 2501

1 Organism

• Name: Caenorhabditis elegans
• Taxon Id: 6239

1 Synonyms

• Value: WBGene00004877

Genomics

1 Transcripts

WormMine ID	Sequence Name	Length (nt)	Chromosome Location
Transcript:K11G12.3.1	K11G12.3.1	1829	X: 6716195-6718695

Other

1 CDSs

WormMine ID	Sequence Name	Length (nt)	Chromosome Location
CDS:K11G12.3	K11G12.3	1641	X: 6716358-6716447

9 RNAi Result

• WBRNAi00082081
• WBRNAi00082082
• WBRNAi00034290
• WBRNAi00050611
• WBRNAi00050612
• WBRNAi00082086
• WBRNAi00082084
• WBRNAi00017019
• WBRNAi00061411

38 Allele

• gk964260
• gk962713
• gk963910
• tm10836
• gk960373
• gk963121
• WBVar01758669
• gk402668
• gk594751
• gk899705
• gk923360
• gk423758
• gk723947
• gk344836
• gk533825
• gk855646
• gk441491
• gk750970
• gk830556
• WBVar00034461
• gk283526
• gk133
• gk283525
• WBVar00080065
• gk283524
• gk283523
• tm7923
• WBVar02056385
• WBVar01469450
• WBVar01469451

1 Chromosome

• WormBase ID: X
• Organism: Caenorhabditis elegans
• Length (nt): 17718942

1 Chromosome Location

• Feature . Primary Identifier: WBGene00004877
• Start: 6716195
• End: 6718695
• Strand: -1

4 Data Sets

• WormBaseAcedbConverter
• GO Annotation data set
• C. elegans genomic annotations (GFF3 Gene)
• Panther orthologue and paralogue predictions

0 Downstream Intergenic Region

43 Expression Clusters

Regulated By Treatment	Description	Algorithm	Primary Identifier
adult vs dauer larva	Transcripts that showed differential expression in adult vs dauer lava in N2 animals at 20C.	N.A.	WBPaper00050488:adult_vs_dauer_regulated_N2_20C
	Transcripts that showed significantly increased expression in ogt-1(ok1474) neuronal cells isolated by FACs comparing to in FACs isolated neuronal cells from wild type.	DESeq2, fold change > 2, FDR < 0.05.	WBPaper00066485:ogt-1(ok1474)_upregulated_neuron
	Genes with expression level regulated by genotype (N2 vs CB4856) and age at old adults stage (214 hours at 24 centigrade).	For model 2, authors used 100 permutations to estimate the FDR threshold. Per permutation, genotypes and ages were independently randomly distributed, keeping the among-gene structure intact. Then for each spot (23,232) on the array, model 2 was tested. The obtained P-values were used to estimate a threshold for each of the explanatory factors. Authors also used a genome-wide threshold of -log10 P-value = 2, which resembles an FDR of 0.072 and 0.060 for marker and the interaction age-marker for the developing worms and FDR of 0.050 and 0.065 for marker and age-marker for the aging worms. For the physiological age effect, authors used a log10 P-value = 8 in developing worms (0.012 FDR) and -log10 P-value = 6 (0.032 FDR).	WBPaper00040858:eQTL_age_regulated_aging
	Genes with expression level regulated by genotype (N2 vs CB4856) at old adults stage (214 hours at 24 centigrade).	For model 2, authors used 100 permutations to estimate the FDR threshold. Per permutation, genotypes and ages were independently randomly distributed, keeping the among-gene structure intact. Then for each spot (23,232) on the array, model 2 was tested. The obtained P-values were used to estimate a threshold for each of the explanatory factors. Authors also used a genome-wide threshold of -log10 P-value = 2, which resembles an FDR of 0.072 and 0.060 for marker and the interaction age-marker for the developing worms and FDR of 0.050 and 0.065 for marker and age-marker for the aging worms. For the physiological age effect, authors used a log10 P-value = 8 in developing worms (0.012 FDR) and -log10 P-value = 6 (0.032 FDR).	WBPaper00040858:eQTL_regulated_aging
Reduced humidity (98% relative humidity).	Genes that were down-regulated after one day exposure to reduced humidity (98% relative humidity) according to microarray analysis.	Multiple hypothesis testing with the Benjamini-Hochberg correction was applied on calculated p-values. A change in the expression level was considered to be significant if the adjusted p-value was less than 0.001.	WBPaper00044578:reduced-humidity_downregulated_microarray
	Transcripts that showed significantly increased expression in ilc-17.1(syb5296) comparing to in N2 animals at L4 larva stage.	DESeq2, fold change > 2, FDR < 0.05.	WBPaper00066594:ilc-17.1(syb5296)_upregulated
	Transcripts that showed significantly decreased expression in eat-2(ad1116) comparing to in N2 at 3-days post L4 adult hermaphrodite animals.	DESeq2(v1.14.1), fold change > 2, p-value < 0.05	WBPaper00055354:eat-2(ad1116)_downregulated
	Genes found to be regulated by low-copy overexpression of sir-2.1 with p < 0.014.	N.A.	WBPaper00026929:sir-2.1_overexpression_regulated
Heat shock: 34C 30min.	Transcripts that showed significantly increased expression in L2 larva stage C. elegans animals after incubated in a 34C water bath for 30min.	DESeq2 v 1.18.1, fold change > 2, FDR < 0.01.	WBPaper00058955:heatshock_upregulated_CE
	Genes expressed in N2.	Expressed transcripts were identified on the basis of a Present call in 3 out of 4 N2 experiments as determined by Affymetrix MAS 5.0.	WBPaper00025141:N2_Expressed_Genes
	Transcripts that showed significantly increased expression in emb-4(hc60) comparing to in N2.	DESeq2	WBPaper00052884:emb-4(hc60)_upregulated
	Transcripts that showed differential expression between 24 and 26 hours post hatching L2d and dauer committed larvae of daf-9(dh, triggered by the dafachronic acid (DA) growth hormone6). Cluster 2 genes' expression gradually increased into dauer.	Benjamini Hochberg corrected q-value < 0.01.	WBPaper00053388:dauer_regulated_Cluster2
Temprature shift to 28C for 24 hours.	Transcripts that showed significantly increased expression after animals were exposed to 28C temperature for 24 hours.	Differentially expressed genes wereidentified using DESeq (v.1.18.0) by normalizing readsbased on the negative binomial distribution method andcomparing each HS timepoint to the 0-h control.	WBPaper00061341:28C_24h_upregulated
	Genes that showed expression levels higher than the corresponding reference sample (embryonic 24hr reference).	A Mann-Whitney U test with an empirical background model and FDR correction for multiple testing was used to detect expressed transcripts (Benjamini and Hochberg 1995). Genes and TARs with an FDR <= 0.05 were reported as expressed above background. Authors detected differentially expressed transcripts using a method based on linear models. Genes and TARs were called differentially expressed if the FDR was <= 0.05 and the fold change (FC) >= 2.0. To more strictly correct for potential false-positives resulting from multiple sample comparisons, authors divided individual FDR estimates by the number of samplesor sample comparisons, respectively. This resulted in an adjusted FDR of 1.3 * 0.0001 for expression above background and of 7.4 * 0.0001 for differential expression. Authors called genes selectively enriched in a given tissue if they met the following requirements: (1) enriched expression in a given tissue (FDR <= 0.05 and FC >= 2.0), (2) fold change versus reference among the upper 40% of the positive FC range observed for this gene across all tissues, and (3) fold-change entropy among the lower 40% of the distribution observed for all genes.	WBPaper00037950:intestine_L1-larva_expressed
	Transcripts that showed differential expression in dauer mir-34(gk437) vs dauer mir-34(OverExpression) animals at 20C.	N.A.	WBPaper00050488:mir-34(gk437)_vs_mir-34(OverExpression)_regulated_dauer_20C
	Transcripts that showed significantly increased expression in smn-1(ok355) heterozygots using balancer hT2 comparing to in N2.	DESeq v1.14.0, log2FC > 1, q <= 0.05.	WBPaper00056809:smn-1(ok355)_upregulated
	Genes that showed significant differential expressed between control and 20 mg\/L Cadmium treatment.	t-test, p < 0.05.	WBPaper00036123:Cadmium_regulated
male mating	Transcripts that showed significantly decreased expression in sterile glp-1(e2144) animals after exposed to males during day 2 to day 7 adult stage.	DESeq2 v.1.10.1, fold change > 2, FDR < 0.05.	WBPaper00065315:mating_downregulated_Day2-7
	Transcripts that showed significantly decreased expression after animals were treated with 50uM Rifampicin and 100uM Psora from day 1 to day 3 adult hermaphradite.	DESeq2(v1.14.1), fold change > 2, p-value < 0.05	WBPaper00055354:Rifampicin-Psora_downregulated
	Transcripts that showed differential expression in dauer N2 vs dauer mir-34(gk437) animals at 20C.	N.A.	WBPaper00050488:N2_vs_mir-34(gk437)_regulated_dauer_20C
	Transcripts that did not alter expression in smg-1(r910) and smg-1(r910) smg-2(r915) mutants comparing to in N2, but their mRNAs co-purify with SMG-2.	edgeR	WBPaper00053308:SMG-2_associated_NMD(-)_unaltered_ClassII
	Transcripts that showed differential expression in dauer N2 vs dauer mir-34(OverExpression) animals at 20C.	N.A.	WBPaper00050488:N2_vs_mir-34(OverExpression)_regulated_dauer_20C
	Transcripts that showed significantly increased expression in hlh-26(ok1453) animals exposed to E. faecium for 8 hours, comparing to N2 animals exposed to E. faecium for 8 hours.	Fold change > 2.	WBPaper00062585:hlh-26(ok1453)_upregulated_E.faecium
	Genes that showed significantly decreased expression after exposure to 1mg/L MWCNTs from L1 larva to young adult.	Transcripts with false discovery rate-corrected p-values < 0.05 and fold change > 2 were defined as differentially expressed.	WBPaper00049377:MWCNT_downregulated
	Transcripts that showed significantly decreased expression after animals were treated with 100uM Rapamycin, 50uM Rifampicin and 100uM Psora from day 1 to day 3 adult hermaphradite.	DESeq2(v1.14.1), fold change > 2, p-value < 0.05	WBPaper00055354:Rapamycin-Rifampicin-Psora_downregulated
	Genes downregulated (fold changes < 2-fold) in the worms following exposure of a-SWCNTs (500 mg\/mL) for 48 hr.	N.A.	WBPaper00042331:a-SWCNTs_downregulated
	Genes that showed significantly decreased expression level in rsr-2(RNAi) animals comparing to in gfp(RNAi) control.	Fold change > 1.2 or < 0.8.	WBPaper00042477:rsr-2(RNAi)_downregulated_TilingArray
	Transcripts that showed significantly decreased expression after animals were treated with 100uM Rapamycin, 100uM Psora and 250uM Allantoin from day 1 to day 3 adult hermaphradite.	DESeq2(v1.14.1), fold change > 2, p-value < 0.05	WBPaper00055354:Rapamycin-Psora-Allantoin_downregulated
Bacteria infection: Photorhabdus luminescens	Genes with decreased expression after 24 hours of infection by P.lumniescens Fold changes shown are pathogen vs OP50.	For RNA-seq and tiling arrays, log2 fold changes between gene expression values of infected versus uninfected nematodes were calculated. For log2 fold changes > 0.00001 the values > 81.25th percentile were defined as up-regulated and for log2 fold changes < -0.00001 the values < 18.75th percentile were defined as down-regulated.	WBPaper00038438:P.lumniescens_24hr_downregulated_RNAseq
	Transcripts that showed significantly increased expression in PVD neurons isolated from TV22833 wyIs840(ser2prom3::daf-12a(rh273)::gfpnovo2, Pmyo-2::gfp); wyIs592(ser2prom3::myr-gfp), comparing to in PVD neurons isolated from animals that only expressed wyIs592.	Cufflinks 2.2.1	WBPaper00058678:DAF-12_upregulated_PVD

6 Expression Patterns

• Primary Identifier: Expr2034138
• Pattern: Single cell embryonic expression. Only cell types with an expression fraction of greater 0.2 of the maximum expressed fraction are labeled (Full data can be downloaded from http://caltech.wormbase.org/pub/wormbase/datasets-published/packer2019/). The colors represent the broad cell class to which the cell type has been assigned. The size of the point is proportional to the log2 of the numbers of cells in the dataset of that cell type. Interactive visualizations are available as a web app (https://cello.shinyapps.io/celegans/) and can also be installed as an R package (https://github.com/qinzhu/VisCello.celegans).

• Primary Identifier: Expr8860
• Remark: Picture: Fig 6, Fig 7.
• Pattern: SMF-2::GFP was mostly restricted to the mc1, mc2, mc3 epithelial cells of the pharynx and the pharyngeal-intestinal valve cells vpi1 to 6, displaying an anterior-posterior expression gradient. SMF-2 was also observed in the gonad sheath cells at the adult stage. The GFP signal was detected from late embryogenesis to adult stage, with generally higher expression levels in young larvae (L1 stage).
• Subcellular Localization: SMF-2::GFP was associated with intracellular cytoplasmic compartments and to a lesser extent to the apical membrane of the mc epithelial cells.

• Primary Identifier: Expr8812
• Remark: Picture: Fig 6.
• Pattern: SMF-2 is expressed in DA neurons, as well as other cells, and the SMF-2 antibody does not immunoreact with other cells in the smf-2 mutant primary cultures.

• Primary Identifier: Expr1154319
• Pattern: Developmental gene expression time-course. Raw data can be downloaded from ftp://caltech.wormbase.org/pub/wormbase/datasets-published/hashimshony2015

• Primary Identifier: Expr2015905
• Pattern: Single cell embryonic expression. Only cell types with an expression fraction of greater 0.2 of the maximum expressed fraction are labeled (Full data can be downloaded from http://caltech.wormbase.org/pub/wormbase/datasets-published/packer2019/). The colors represent the broad cell class to which the cell type has been assigned. The size of the point is proportional to the log2 of the numbers of cells in the dataset of that cell type. Interactive visualizations are available as a web app (https://cello.shinyapps.io/celegans/) and can also be installed as an R package (https://github.com/qinzhu/VisCello.celegans).

• Primary Identifier: Expr1016457
• Pattern: Developmental gene expression time-course. Raw data can be downloaded from ftp://caltech.wormbase.org/pub/wormbase/datasets-published/levin2012

25 GO Annotation

8 Homologues

1 Locations

• Feature . Primary Identifier: WBGene00004877
• Start: 6716195
• End: 6718695
• Strand: -1

25 Ontology Annotations

0 Regulates Expr Cluster

1 Sequence

• Length: 2501

1 Sequence Ontology Term