WormMine: AnatomyTerm WBbt:0003724

• Definition: sixth pharyngeal muscle cell layer
• Name: pm6
• Primary Identifier: WBbt:0003724
• Synonym: m6

3 Children

Definition	Name	Synonym	Primary Identifier
Pharyngeal muscle cell	pm6VR	lineage name: MSpapappa	WBbt:0004306
Pharyngeal muscle cell	pm6VL	lineage name: MSaapappa	WBbt:0004307
Pharyngeal muscle cell	pm6D	lineage name: MSpaaappp	WBbt:0004308

6 Expression Clusters

Regulated By Treatment	Description	Algorithm	Primary Identifier
	Single-cell RNA-Seq cell group 24_1 expressed in muscle.	scVI 0.6.0	WBPaper00065841:24_1
	Single-cell RNA-Seq cell group 31 expressed in: Coelomocytes.	CellRanger, DecontX, Monocle3, Louvain algorithm.	WBPaper00065623:31
	Single-cell RNA-Seq cell group 26_2 expressed in muscle.	scVI 0.6.0	WBPaper00065841:26_2
	Top 300 transcripts enriched in pm6 according to single cell RNAseq.	Top 300 enriched transcripts were determined by log2.ratio of the tpm in the cell type vs the tpm in the other cells * the log2 of the cell.type tpm.	WBPaper00061340:pm6
	Single-cell RNA-Seq cell group 32 expressed in: Seam cells (bus+) and excretory duct subpopulation.	CellRanger, DecontX, Monocle3, Louvain algorithm.	WBPaper00065623:32
	Single-cell RNA-Seq cell group 30 expressed in: pm3_pm4_pm5 and pm6_pm7 (pharyngeal muscle).	CellRanger, DecontX, Monocle3, Louvain algorithm.	WBPaper00065623:30

47 Expression Patterns

• Primary Identifier: Expr4451
• Pattern: Expressed in the terminal bulb (pm6) of the pharynx.

• Primary Identifier: Expr1679
• Remark: This Expr_pattern is about CeTMIV, an isoform of tmy-1 transcription. To confirm the CeTMIV isoform expression pattern, corresponding tmy-1::gfp vectors were assayed. Similar GFP expressions induced in pharynx and intestines respectively. These results show that the CeTMIV isoform was expressed in the pharyngeal muscles and intestinal cells and establish that the primary promoter region was located within 853 bp upstream of the initial ATG. pretzel stage (author) = fully-elongated embryo (wjc).
• Pattern: The constructs pTMZIV4349 and pTMZIV1957 induced beta-galactosidase expressions in both the pharyngeal muscles and intestinal cells with similar intensities. Specifically, pharyngeal expressions were observed in all the eight muscle cells (m1-m8), one marginal cell (mc), one epithelial cell (e1) and the four cells of the pharyngo-intestinal valve (PIV). The 20 intestinal cells, some of which are binucleated and localized alongside the intestine, posterior of pharynx and anterior of anus were all stained with intense staining occurring at the most posterior end. Intestinal staining was limited only to intestinal cells, although there were slight variations in position of nuclei and staining intensity. Expression was also detected in embryos between gastrulation and the comma stage. At this stage of development, the exact nuclei are difficult to identify, but the positions and topology suggest pharynx and intestines. By the pretzel stage, identification of the different pharyngeal muscles showing expression becomes possible. A similar expression was also observed in the pharynx of males, although the intestinal staining was more restricted to the posterior region. No expression was induced by the further deletion construct pTMZIV1219. In all cases, the most uniform and intense expression patterns were observed between L1 and L2 worms, and were completed by L2. From L3 to adult, there was a reduction in expression intensity. Both pharyngeal and intestinal expressions were evident within six hours after staining.

• Primary Identifier: Expr11806
• Remark: Feature : [ceh-22de209::pPD95.27]
• Pattern: The distal enhancer de209 can activate transcription in the pharyngeal muscles, although it exhibits distinct patterns of activity in other cell types. 5Xde209 activated reporter expression in a pattern similar to the distal enhancer DE3 in the pharyngeal muscles, with occasional expression in the m6 muscles, marginal cells, and pharyngeal-intestinal valve cells. The parental Dpes-10DlacZ reporter in pPD95.27 was occasionally expressed in posterior gut cells, with < 0.25 h-galactosidase expressing pharyngeal cells transformant.

• Primary Identifier: Expr11295
• Pattern: Fairly weak expression in most animals, strongest expression in young larvae, pharynx: marginal cells and pm6, gut, rectal gland cells, about 10-15 pairs of head neurons incl. some IL's, some motoneurons (DA/DB?), 2-3 pairs of tail neurons

• Primary Identifier: Expr2705
• Pattern: The large majority of GFP signal, at all stages of development, is in the intestine. The first GFP signal can be detected at the 1.5-fold stage of embryogenesis; by the 3-fold stage, GFP expression is easily detected in all cells of the gut. Late in embryogenesis, GFP expression can be detected in nine nuclei in the posterior bulb of the pharynx, bracketing the pharyngeal grinder. Both gut and pharynx expression continue throughout the remaining stages of development. On the basis of nuclear position, the nine expressing cells are the two triads of m6 and m7 muscle cells, as well as the immediately posterior triad of marginal cells.
• Subcellular Localization: nuclei

• Primary Identifier: Expr8916
• Remark: Picture: N.A.
• Pattern: Expressed in marginal cells, pm3 to pm6.

• Primary Identifier: Expr3136
• Pattern: C33G8.5 showed medium to strong expression in scattered nonchemosensory neurons.5

• Primary Identifier: Expr11290
• Pattern: Eeak expression, pharynx: pm6-8, mc1-3, some glands, pharyngo-intestinal valve, gut, rectal glands, body wall muscle (adult only), in young larvae: unidentified head cell (head mesodermal cell?), CAN.

• Primary Identifier: Expr7891
• Remark: Picture: Figure 6.
• Pattern: The CDR-4-eGFP fusion protein was expressed predominately in the intestinal cells of the nematodes.
• Subcellular Localization: It was concentrated in small punctate structures within these cells. The size and distribution of these structures were similar to those of lysosomes and of CDR-1-eGFP. It has been shown that when a nonfusion form of eGFP is expressed in intestinal cells, it accumulates in the cytoplasm, not in vesicles. The transgenic nematodes were fed rhodamine B isothiocyanate (RITC)-labeled dextran, which labels intestinal cell lysosomes, to confirm that CDR-4 was targeted to the lysosomes. In the double-labeling experiment, both eGFP and rhodamine colocalized to the same structures, confirming that CDR-4 is targeted to intestinal cell lysosomes.

• Primary Identifier: Expr16367
• Pattern: We found that IDPA-3, IDPB-3, IDPC-1, FIPR-4, and NSPB-12 are expressed exclusively in association with the pharynx and overlap in their localization with the pharynx cuticle. Briefly, tagged IDPA-3 was enriched in the grinder, overlapping the CFW-stained component and lining of the terminal bulb cuticle. In addition, we observed enrichment of tagged IDPA-3 in the presumptive ECM that lies between the terminal bulb and the intestinal valve. Tagged IDPB-3 was expressed weakly and localized exclusively to the pm6 cells and material surrounding the CFW-stained grinder. Tagged IDPC-1 had a similar pattern to that of tagged ABU-14; associating with both the anterior and posterior components of the pharyngeal cuticle. However, tagged ABU-14 appears to localize adjacent to CFW-stained components whereas tagged IDPC-1 overlaps CFW-stained components. Tagged NSPB-12 localized to the anterior pharynx cuticle components exclusively, including that of the buccal cavity, flaps, and anterior channels. Tagged FIPR-4 localized to both anterior and posterior pharynx cuticle components (but not the grinder teeth proper) and the presumptive pharynx-intestinal valve ECM.

• Primary Identifier: Expr43
• Remark: life_stage summary : postembryonic
• Pattern: Post-embryonic expression. Hybridization to second bulb of the pharynx in some larvae.

• Primary Identifier: Expr140
• Remark: Other strain-- UL747, UL756, UL757
• Pattern: A less frequently observed components is of nuclei in the tail which is most likely hypodermis. A less frequently seen component is in vulC and vulD of L4 larvae and adult worms. Expression seen in unidentified groups of cells in elongating embryos. The most common and obvious component of this expression pattern is the strong staining in the terminal bulb of the pharynx (m6 and m7). Also fainter expression in the m2 nuclei of the procorpus. The most common and obvious component of this expression pattern is the strong staining in the terminal bulb of the pharynx (m6 and m7). Other less frequently observed components are-- vulC and vulD in L4 and adult worms, nuclei in the head and tail which are most likely hypodermis, m2 nuclei in the procorpus, and unidentified patches of staining in elongating embryos.

• Primary Identifier: Expr976
• Remark: Reporter gene fusion type not specified. The antibody staining showed EAT-20 expression in the seam cells and hypodermal cells, which is inconsistent with the absence of GFP expression in those cells in the promoter trap lines, suggesting that p5E5 may not contain all the cis-regulatory elements necessary for the expression of the eat-20 gene.
• Reporter Gene: GFP expression was analyzed in ncIs1 hermaphrodites carrying p5E5 as a stable integrated transgenic array. Though p5E5 contains a 2-kb genomic fragment derived from LGV at the 5' side in addition to the fragment corresponding to the eat-20 gene, it is confirmed that an extrachromosomal array of p5E5 and that of p5E5del, in which the 2-kb fragment was deleted, gave the same GFP expression pattern. Thus, the fragment at the 5' part of the insert had no effects on the expression of GFP. Neurons expressing GFP were first identified in L1 larvae.
• Pattern: In embryos, GFP expression was first detected at the 2-fold stage. Sometimes eight cells in the anterior half of the body expressed GFP. At the 3-fold stage, several cells around the pharynx expressed GFP in most embryos. About half of the embryos also expressed GFP weakly in the pharynx. At L1, GFP was detected in a subset of neurons. About half of the larvae also expressed GFP in the pharynx; expression in the terminal bulb was the most intense. At the adult stage, GFP was detected in the pharyngeal muscles, m3, m4, and m6. In addition, GFP was detected in a subset of neurons: IL1, OLQ, BAG, and ALN, several circumpharyngeal cells, and coelomocytes. Very faint GFP fluorescence was detected in the pharyngeal neurons including I4 and I5 in L1 larvae.

• Primary Identifier: Expr10043
• Pattern: All tested strains showed strong enrichment of sup-37 reporter expression within the pharynx beginning at the ~500-cell stage of embryogenesis and continuing throughout larval development and adulthood. In addition, weak-to-modest levels of sup-37 reporter expression were observed in all other cell types. In larval and adult stages, the full-length SUP-37::mCherry was expressed in the pharyngeal muscle groups pm3, pm4, and pm6, but not consistently in other cells of the pharynx. In addition, SUP-37::mCherry expression was faint but detectable in the spermatheca of adult hermaphrodites. Expression of SUP-37::mCherry was not detected in the somatic gonad sheath cells, which also play a role in ovulation.
• Subcellular Localization: Full-length (isoform-a) SUP-37::GFP and SUP- 37::mcherry fusion proteins localize predominantly to nuclei during late stages of embryogenesis. Expression of these constructs was, however, relatively dim and quite variable as compared with the sup-37 transcriptional reporters. Expression of the SUP-37 translational reporters was also occasionally detected in both the cytoplasm and nuclei of early-stage embryos at time points preceding morphogenesis.

• Primary Identifier: Expr8678
• Remark: Picture: Fig 3.
• Pattern: Expression in the alimentary canal: Strong and consistent expression in pharyngeal epithelium, pm1, pm2, pm3, pm6, pm7, pm8, mc1, mc2, mc3. Weak or rare expression in pm4, pm5. Expression in the nervous system: DDn, DVA, DVB, DVC, PVP. Expression in the reproductive system: In adult stage, expressed in proximal gonad sheath, spermatheca. In developing larva stage, expressed in uterus, spermatheca. inx-10 is localized to pharyngeal precursors from early stages of embryogenesis, and by three-fold stage, all pharyngeal muscles except pm4 are seen to express it at high levels.

• Primary Identifier: Expr11324
• Pattern: Fairly weak expression, pharynx: pm3,4,6,7,8 mc1,3, glands (strong), excretory cell, hypodermis (borderline detectable).

• Primary Identifier: Expr2624
• Pattern: Promoter-GFP transgenes indicated that lam-3 is expressed during gastrulation and through embryogenesis in pharyngeal, intestinal and epidermal cells. In the larvae, lam-3 gene expression is maintained in the spermatheca and in the pharyngeal m3-m8 and mc cells.

• Primary Identifier: Expr8677
• Remark: Picture: Fig 3.
• Pattern: Expression in the alimentary canal: Strong and consistent expression in anterior arcades, posterior arcades. Weak or rare expression in pm2, pm3, pm4, pm5, pm6, pm7, pm8, mc1, g1, g2, rectal gland cells, rectal epithelial cells. Expression in the nervous system: Phsh, AVK, DVC (early larva), PVR, SIB (early larva), URB, I3. Expression in the reproductive system: In adult stage, expressed in gonad sheath, uterus, vulval muscle. In developing larva stage, expressed in vulva. Neuronal expression of inx-9 appears around three-fold stage. The rectal gland expresses inx-9 during early larval stages. inx-9 is expressed in adult hermaphrodite sex muscles. inx-9 was expressed at high levels in arcade cells starting around two-fold stage continuing throughout development and adulthood.

• Primary Identifier: Expr8691
• Remark: Picture: N.A.
• Pattern: Expression in the alimentary canal: Strong and consistent expression in pm2, pm4, pm5, mc1, mc2. Weak or rare expression in pm3, pm6, pm7, pm8, K.a/K$(B!G(B cells.

• Primary Identifier: Expr8674
• Remark: Picture: N.A.
• Pattern: Expression in the alimentary canal: Strong and consistent expression in pharyngeal epithelium, pm1, pm2, pm3, pm4, mc2. Weak or rare expression in pm6, vir. Expression in the nervous system: AVD, AVK, RIS, URB. Pharyngeal and neuronal expression of inx-6 start around threefold stage, and some of the expression in head and tail neurons disappears after L1 stage.

• Primary Identifier: Expr16521
• Pattern: Cel-nas-6 is expressed in pharyngeal muscles, mc2 marginal cells, and hypodermal tissues (Park et al. 2010). We also generated C. elegans transgenic lines expressing Ppa-nas-6::T2A::Venus under the control of the Cel-nas-6 promoter to confirm the expression pattern of Cel-nas-6. Our reporter also showed the expression in hypodermis and pharyngeal muscles (pm2, pm6) and weak expression in mc2 marginal cells. In C. elegans, the nas-6 expression is not detected in arcade cells, epithelial cells, mc1/mc3 marginal cells, head neurons, and the pharyngeal-intestinal valve.

• Primary Identifier: Expr92
• Remark: Legacy Data: "Bauer PK" "Mounsey A" "Royall CM" "Hope IA" Date 1997-06.
• Pattern: This pattern is very strong. This strain requires less than one hour of incubation for the pattern to be clearly seen. If left longer, non-localised staining of the pharyngeal muscles occurs obscuring the nuclei. There are three components to this pattern. The first is diffuse staining nucei in the procorpus (m2 and m3). The second is strong expession in the m4 nuclei in the metacorpus, and the final component involves m5, m6 and m7 in the terminal bulb. There is some mosaicism exhibited as not all components are seen in all worms. No staining has been seen in the isthmus.

• Primary Identifier: Expr13989
• Pattern: In the posterior pharyngeal bulb gfp::hum-7 is expressed throughout, including the pm6 and pm7 cells that help the grinder contract during feeding (Worm Atlas), while hmr-1::mKate2 is enriched only in apical regions, as expected. hmr-1::mKate2 is expressed all through the nerve ring axons, while gfp::hum-7 is expressed in adjacent cells, perhaps glia. Viewing this same strain on the surface shows that while hmr- 1::mKate2 is highly expressed in the seam cells, gfp::hum-7 shows no obvious overlap in the seam cells. A strain expressing RFP under control of the myosin heavy chain promoter, Pmyo-3::rfp (Viveiros et al., 2011), shares expression with gfp::hum-7 in body wall muscles. Therefore gfp::hum-7 appears to have broad expression, with enrichment in several types of muscle tissue including regions of the pharynx, and in body wall muscles. Expression is not overall enhanced in neurons, but may include support cells for neurons. Expression does not appear enhanced in epidermal cells, although there is precedent for epidermal signal to appear striped due to impingement from muscle or pharynx (Worm Atlas). Antibody staining with antibodies specific to body wall muscle support that at least some of the striped signals are in muscle.

• Primary Identifier: Expr8671
• Remark: Picture: Fig 3.
• Pattern: Expression in the alimentary canal: Strong and consistent expression in pharyngeal epithelium, pm5, pm6, pm7, pm8, g2, rectal gland cells. Weak or rare expression in anterior arcades, posterior arcades, pm2, pm3, pm4, M3, MC, intestine, rectal epithelial cells. Expression in the nervous system: CEPsh, ALN, ASn, CAN, DAn, DBn, DDn, DVA, DVB, HSN, PDE, PLM, PVQ, PVR, PVT, URB, VAn, VBn, VDn, M3, MC. Expression in the reproductive system: In adult stage, expressed in spermatheca, vulval muscle, HSN. In developing larva stage, expressed in vulval muscle, uterine muscle, HSN. inx-3 was expressed broadly during early embryogenesis. After the beginning of morphogenesis, inx-3 expression becomes more restricted to the pharynx, hypodermis, and intestine. By three-fold stage inx-3 expression appears in ventral cord motor neurons (strongest in DA neurons) along with continued strong pharyngeal expression. By hatching, its hypodermal expression disappears, while postembryonically born ventral cord motor neurons express it at low levels. Its pharyngeal (strong) and neuronal (faint) expressions continue to adulthood.

• Primary Identifier: Expr101
• Remark: Other strain-- UL308.
• Pattern: Staining is first observed in precomma stage embryos. In all larval stages, expression is seen sporadically, as a number of nuclei in the head and occasional rows of paired nuclei down the body. This pattern seems to be highly mosaic as the number nuclei in the head bodywall that stain varies considerably. This mosaicism is also evident in expression of the bodywall nuclei in the body. These appear to be bodywall muscle. Some of the staining in the head appears to be that of the nuclei of the pharyngeal muscles (m2, m3, m4, m5, m6, m7). This component is a common feature of expression patterns from fusions with incomplete promoters, but this does not seem to be the case in this situation. Occasional staining in the nuclei of the posterior intestine is also seen.

• Primary Identifier: Expr8675
• Remark: Picture: N.A.
• Pattern: Expression in the alimentary canal: Strong and consistent expression in pm5, MC. Weak or rare expression in pharyngeal epithelium, pm1, pm2, pm3, pm4 pm6, pm7, pm8, g1, g2, rectal gland cells. Expression in the nervous system: ADE, AIY, ALM, ALN, AVA, AVK, AVM, BDU, CAN, DAn, DVA, DVB, DVC, FLP, HSN, LUA, PLM, PLN, PVC, PVM, PVP, PVQ, PVT, PVW, RID, RIS, SDQ, URB, MC. Expression in the reproductive system: In adult stage, expressed in HSN. Faint hypodermal expression of inx-7 is seen around two-fold stage and becomes stronger by threefold stage.

• Primary Identifier: Expr8676
• Remark: Picture: Fig 3.
• Pattern: Expression in the alimentary canal: Strong and consistent expression in pm1, pm3. Weak or rare expression in pharyngeal epithelium, pm2, pm4, pm5, pm6, pm7, pm8, intestine, rectal epithelial cells. Expression in the nervous system: ILso, AIN, AVF, AVJ, AVK, PVR, SAB. Expression in the reproductive system: In adult stage, expressed in Gonad sheath, Vulva(low), vulval muscle, uterine muscle. In developing larva stage, expressed in vulval muscle, uterine muscle. inx-8 is expressed broadly, albeit at very low levels, around two-fold stage, and its expression becomes stronger in the pharynx, nervous tissue, HMC, and GLR cells as development continues. In the reproductive system, expression of inx-8 starts during early larval stages and continues during migrations of the great granddaughters of the SM blast cell to their final locations and after the sex muscles achieve their final structures. inx-8 is expressed in the hypodermal cells of the animal in postembryonic stages.

• Primary Identifier: Expr1164
• Pattern: Transgenic animals that carry this construct show GFP expression in a variety of tissue types. GFP expression is observed in the intestine, and the posterior cells express GFP more intensely than the remaining intestinal cells. Other cells include the rectal epithelial cells, the pharynx, the somatic gonad, and vulval hypodermal cells. In addition, the IP3 receptor is expressed in hypodermal cells of the tail, rectum, and head. Pharyngeal expression is restricted to the muscles of the metacorpus, isthmus, and the anterior portion of the terminal bulb (m4, m5, and m6). This construct was only expressed in neurons LUA and PDA. GFP is expressed in the gonad sheath cells, spermatheca, spermathecal valve, and uterine sheath cells. GFP is expressed in the vulval hypodermal cells.

• Primary Identifier: Expr8679
• Remark: Picture: Fig 3.
• Pattern: Expression in the alimentary canal: Strong and consistent expression in anterior arcades, posterior arcades, pharyngeal epithelium, pm4, pm8, g1, g2, vir, K.a/K' cells. inx-11 is more strongly expressed in the most posterior (int 9) intestinal cell. Weak or rare expression in pm1, pm2, pm3, pm5, pm6, pm7. Expression in the nervous system: CEPsh, DVC, LUA. Expression in the reproductive system: In adult stage, expressed in utse. In developing larva stage, expressed in uterus, sperm (spermatocytes, spermatids). Expression of inx-11 appears in pharyngeal tissue around two-fold stage, and by three-fold stage, strong expression becomes restricted to g1, g2, pm4, and pm8. inx-11 is expressed in the hypodermal cells of the animal in postembryonic stages.

• Primary Identifier: Expr8682
• Remark: Picture: Fig 3.
• Pattern: Expression in the alimentary canal: Weak or rare expression in pm5, pm6, pm7. Expression in the nervous system: DDn, VDn. Expression in the reproductive system: In adult stage, expressed in vulval muscle, uterine muscle.

0 Life Stages

2 Parents

Definition	Name	Synonym	Primary Identifier
type of cells that make up muscle layers in the pharynx.	pharyngeal muscle cell		WBbt:0005451
the last, posterior bulb of the pharynx.	terminal bulb		WBbt:0003732