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Picture: Figure 1. |
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Expr8361
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GFP expression initiated in the early gastrula. Robust expression of Prncs-1::GFP was observed in the midgut (E cell lineage) starting at the 28-cell stage and continuing into adulthood. By the comma stage, fluorescence was also visible in the embryo periphery in cells that give rise to hypodermis. In L1 larva and subsequent stages, strong expression of GFP was seen in hypodermal cells, including Hyp 7 syncytium and head and tail hypodermis. The expression pattern was identical in hermaphrodites and males, but adult hermaphrodites displayed fluorescence in vulval epithelium. Expression was absent in seam cells, nervous system, and pharynx. The Prncs-1::GFP reporter showed increased expression during starvation. Although fluorescence intensity was enhanced under starved conditions, the spatial expression pattern was unchanged. Expression of the Prncs-1::GFP transgene was also enhanced in males. An ~2.5-fold increase in rncs-1 expression in total RNA prepared from wild-type, well fed males, compared with hermaphrodites. |
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Expr4691
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GFP was detected in epidermal cells including the head epidermal cells hyp1 to hyp5, the hyp7 syncytium, the tail epidermal cells hyp8 to hyp11, and the ventral Pn.p cells. GFP expression was also detected in the excretory duct cell. |
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Expr4930
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strong bwm, vul, anal, rare ant pharynx, bwm precursors, tail hyp, neurons; early embryonic bwm at least by horseshoe stage |
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Expr4344
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qua-1pro::GFP was found to be expressed in the hypodermal cells covering the whole body from the tip of the nose to the tip of the tail spike, but not in the lateral hypodermal cells, i.e., the seam cells. Furthermore, expression was seen in the excretory duct and pore cells from threefold stage embryos to adults. However, in adults the GFP intensity appears weaker than in larvae. In L1 larvae, qua-1 is expressed in two, sometimes four, cells of the anterior as well as the posterior of the intestine and a rectal epithelial cell. In addition, transient expression was observed in the P cells in L1 in the ventral side of the animal and in a few sensilla support cells in the head. In adults, qua-1pro::GFP is transiently expressed in a few cells in the head that remain to be identified. |
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Expr4651
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GFP driven by the lon-2 promoter (3 kb of its upstream sequence) was expressed strongly in the intestine, most prominently in the most anterior and posterior cells. Expression in these regions was observed throughout development, beginning in the embryo and continuing into adulthood. Very weak fluorescence was also seen in hypodermal cells in the head and tail. |
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Reporter gene fusion type not specified. Two GFP reporter constructs were generated, containing distinct putative promoters for nhr-41a and nhr-41b, the latter promoter corresponding to genomic DNA in the large fourth intron. The analysis suggests different expression patterns for the two nhr-41 mRNA isoforms, although it is a formal possibility that enhancers in the fourth intron could be acting on both presumed promoters. Thus, the nhr-41 reporter gene analysis may be revealing distinct functions for the two isoforms. |
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Expr2870
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The nhr-41b reporter gene is expressed consistently in the gut, chemosensory neurons, and head and tail hypodermal cells. |
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Expr3695
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Fluorescence was observed in epithelial cells that synthesize cuticle. Expressed in the hypodermis, including the major body syncytium, hyp7, and hypodermal cells in the head and tail. A pulse of fluorescence was observed in the hypodermis prior to molting. Fluorescence from mlt-8p::gfp-pest was first detected approximately 3 h before the L1/L2 molt, or 13 h after hatchlings synchronized by starvation were fed and incubated at 25 centigrades. The intensity of fluorescence increased until lethargus and then decreased rapidly, such that GFP was barely detectable just 2 h after molting. When monitoring individual transgenic larvae over the course of development, fluorescence from mlt-8p::gfp-pest was observed from 65 +/- 2% to 90 +/- 2% of the duration of each larval stage. The mlt-8 reporter was expressed, in larvae, in a single posterior neuron that remains to be identified. Expression of the gfp fusion genes was never detected in the hypodermis of gravid adults that no longer molt. |
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Other strains-- UL963, UL982, UL984 |
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Expr2029
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Strong expression is seen predominantly in the muscles of the pharynx, the pharyngeo-intestinal valve, and in cells surrounding the rectum, which appear to be the anal depressor muscle and the intestino-rectal valve. Other expression is occasionally seen in the vulval muscle cells (vm1 and vm2), bodywall muscle cell nuclei, and cells within the tail spike. Expression is seen from late embryo to adulthood. |
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Picture: Fig 5G, 5H, 5I. |
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Expr9039
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The expression of nhr-206 GFP reporter transgenes starts during the comma stage of embryogenesis, and is initially seen in four unidentified cells localized in the head region. By the 2-fold stage, embryonic expression is observed in the pharynx with weaker expression in intestine. This expression pattern continues throughout all larval stages and in adults with pronounced anterior pharyngeal expression. The reporter genes were also strongly expressed in rectal gland cells, the anal sphincter, and in epidermal cells in the tail. Weaker expression was also observed in the vulva and spermatheca. In males, expression was visible in male specific neurons of the tail and rays. |
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Picture: Fig 5J, 5K, 5L. |
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Expr9040
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The expression of nhr-208 GFP reporters started in embryos at the 1.5-fold stage within the pharynx, intestinal sphincter, and epidermal cells in the tail. By the 3-fold stage of embryogenesis, additional expression was observed in rectal gland and surrounding cells. During all larval stages, strong expression of the transgenes was visible in pharyngeal and unidentified head neurons, the pharyngeal-intestinal valve cell, the posterior part of the intestine, the intestinal sphincter, two rectal gland cells, the intestinal-rectal valve cell, and the epidermal hyp10 cell. In males, the expression was seen in several rays (6-8) and other male specific neurons. |
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Other strain-- UL960 |
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Expr2030
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Expression is seen from late embryo to adulthood. It is seen in the following components-- the pharyngeal musculature, anal depressor muscle and anal sphincter, and diffuse expression along the length of the tail spike. Also observed is diffuse expression around the anterior portion of the pharynx, which is probably bodywall muscle. |
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See Expr837, 839, 840 for Expr_pattern of the same locus. |
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Expr838
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In embryos, PEB-1 protein was strongly detected in the nuclei of many cells in the developing pharynx. Staining was first detected at the comma stage. Some pharyngeal cells do not express PEB-1, observed a cluster of nuclei that do not contain PEB-1 near the center of the developing pharynx, a region containing many of the pharyngeal neurons. Strong pharyngeal staining persisted through the remainder of embryogenesis. PEB-1 staining was also observed outside the pharynx in several cells near the rectum and in the tail and at lower level in hypodermal nuclei. In early larvae, PEB-1 protein is easily detectable in the pharynx, as well as in a subset of nonpharyngeal. Consistently observed PEB-1 protein in the nuclei of all pharyngeal muscles, marginal cells, epithelial cells, gland cells, and pharyngeal-intestinal valve cells. Notably, authors did not observe PEB-1 staining in any pharyngeal neurons. Pharyngeal PEB-1 staining decreased in late larvae until it became undetectable in adults. PEB-1 protein expression was also observed in some tissues outside the pharynx in larvae and adults. In general, the nonpharyngeal expression was weaker than expression in the pharynx, and it appeared dynamic during the worm life cycle. In larvae, PEB-1 antibody staining was reproducibly observed in several cells near the rectum and in hypodermal nuclei in the tail and in the developing vulva and surrounding cells. Authors also observed protein expression in several nuclei in the head and tail that were provisionally identified as hypodermal nuclei. In older larvae and adults, the rectal and vulval expression decreased, but PEB-1 staining was visible in germ-line cells. This expression is consistent with Northern blots indicating that peb-1 mRNA is expressed in the germ line. |
PEB-1 protein was strongly detected in the nuclei. |
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Picture: N.A. |
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Expr8910
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Expressed in phyaryngeal muscle, marginal cells, all intestinal cells, seam (strong), other hypodermis (weak), arcade cells, spermatheca, vulva and rectal epithelial cells, |
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Reporter gene fusion type not specified. See Expr837, 838, 840 for Expr_pattern of the same locus. |
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Expr839
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Very strong beta-galactosidase expression in the pharynx from the comma stage of embryogenesis through late larval stages, and frequent expression was observed in muscle cells and marginal cells, while less frequent expression was observed in epithelial cells and the pharyngeal intestinal valve cells. Reporter expression was also observed outside the pharynx in a pattern similar to that of the endogenous PEB-1 protein. |
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Expr1842
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Staining embryos with this anti-VAB-7 antibody confirmed that VAB-7 is expressed in posterior muscle and epidermal cells. However, a second phase of VAB-7 expression was discovered in embryonic ventral nerve cord (VNC) neurones, beginning at the 1.5-fold stage. At the threefold stage VAB-7 is expressed in nine neuronal nuclei (seven in the VNC and two nuclei in the head), and in the five most posterior epidermal nuclei, which form the hyp8 to hyp11 cells. VAB-7 is expressed in the seven DB class motoneurones; VAB-7 staining is also seen in two additional head neurones that have not been identified. DB neurones express VAB-7 throughout development. In addition, VAB-7 is expressed continuously in the hypodermal syncitium hyp10, and from the L1 stage in four unidentified neurones in the tail. Finally, at the adult stage, VAB-7 is detected in three VC neurones: VC1, VC2 and VC6. |
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All of the reporter constructs produced the same cell-specific expression pattern as transgenes. |
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Expr1438
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The reporter transgenes express ubiquitously in the early embryo starting at about the 100 cell stage during gastrulation. In late embryogenesis and posthatching, expression is more limited. Strongest expression is observed in migrating cells and growing neurons as these cells undergo movements on the epidermis. At hatching, the reporters express in many neurons throughout the animal, in several cells of the pharynx including some pharyngeal neurons, in the elongated processes of the excretory cells, in the amphid and phasmid sheath and socket cells, in the tail hypodermis, and at later stages in intestine, muscles, vulva, and somatic gonad including the gonad sheath and hermaphrodite distal tip cells. The neurons expressing unc-73 include the PLM, ALM, PDE, HSN, CAN, PHC, and PVN neurons and the ventral cord motorneurons. Expression in the HSNs is absent in early larval stages, but begins late in the second larval stage (L2), precisely when axon outgrowth is initiated from the HSN cell bodies. The Q neuroblasts, Pn neuroectoblasts, sex myoblasts (SMs), and canal associated neurons (CANs) express unc-73 reporters. The left and right Q cells begin to express the GFP reporter as they initiate their migrations along the longitudinal axis of the epidermis during the early first larval (L1) stage, and expression in these cells continues beyond the completion of their first division. The unc-73 reporters express in the Pn cells just before this second phase of movemen. The distal tip cells also express the unc-73/reporters during their migration. |
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Reporter gene fusion type not specified. |
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Expr1144
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LacZ expressed in neurons, the hypodermis, and the spermatheca. The expression is seen in nuclei of the hypodermal syncytia hyp3-hyp10, but not in the seam cells. The lacZ expressing hypodermal cells are both embryonically derived and postembryonically derived, from the P and V blast cells. At the L1 stage the expression is uniform in the hypodermis, however in later stages, especially L4 to young adult, the expression takes the form of a gradient centered on the vulval region of the hermaphrodites. |
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Expr1396
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The earliest detectable expression of UNC-115::GFP was in neurons and epidermis at about 300 min postfertilization, when the embryo begins to elongate, and axons begin to grow. UNC-115::GFP and the shorter fusion GFPS was expressed in most or all neurons throughout development. UNC-115::GFP expression was also observed in non neuronal cells, including the epidermal syncytium hyp7, the head and tail epidermal cells, the excretory canal cell, the pharynx, and the developing vulva, but not in the lateral epidermal seam cells or the ventral epidermal P cells. The earliest detectable expression of UNC-115::GFP was in neurons and epidermis at about 300 min postfertilization, when the embryo begins to elongate, and axons begin to grow. UNC-115::GFP and the shorter fusion GFPS was expressed in most or all neurons throughout development. UNC-115::GFP expression was also observed in nonneuronal cells, including the epidermal syncytium hyp7, the head and tail epidermal cells, the excretory canal cell, the pharynx, and the developing vulva, but not in the lateral epidermal seam cells or the ventral epidermal P cells. |
UNC-115::GFP protein was present uniformly in neuronal cell bodies and processes and was excluded from nuclei. The protein was also present at high levels in the growth cones of developing axons as they extended to their targets and in cell-cortex-associated plaques along the excretory canals as well as plaques at the junctions of epidermal cells. |
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Integrated transgenic line not described in the article. |
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Expr1416
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When transgenic animals carrying pTG96 on an extrachromosomal array (kuEx75) were examined, the fusion protein, as judged by fluorescence of GFP, was observed tightly localized to the nuclei of most cells. SUR-5 appeared to be expressed in the VPCs. Cell types that express this fusion protein include neurons, hypodermis, Pn.p cells, body muscles, many cells of the pharynx, and a few cells of the somatic gonads. Cells that do not display the fluorescence include B, F, K , K.a, K.p, hyp3, the germ line, and the excretory duct cells. In nonmosaic animals, the intensity varies among the cells. The intestinal cells and excretory cells are almost always very bright, whereas neurons are almost always fainter. Uterine cells and many of the cells derived from the M cell are very faint and often difficult to see. The SUR-5GFP fusion proteins are expressed in all stages of C. elegans development. The earliest expression is at the 100- to 150-cell embryonic stage, and the fusion proteins are expressed throughout development from that stage on. The same expression pattern is seen when this array is integrated into one of the chromosomes. pTG96_1 is still localized in the nuclei of most cells. The expression pattern is the same as that seen from the array containing pTG96 (with NLS), but the nuclear localization is not as tight, and there appears to be some diffusion of SUR-5GFP proteins from the nucleus to the cytoplasm. |
Both constructs are expressed in nuclei; and a relatively small amount of SUR-5GFP fusion protein from pTG96_1 is detected in cytoplasm. |
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Expr2893
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Beta-Galactosidase expression was observed in many cells, including gut, hypodermal, and other cells within the developing embryos. However, because of the intense staining in some parts of the developing embryos, the identification of the many stained cells was not possible. In post-embryonic stages, beta-galactosidase staining was present in the hypodermal cells of all larval stages mature gravid hermaphrodites (710 days after L4 adult hermaphrodite). Beta-Galactosidase staining was also detected in intestinal cells. The cpz-1:lacZ expression in all stages was specifically detected in the large hypodermal syncytium covering most of the worm (hyp7), and in the hypodermal cells of the head (hyp4 and hyp6) and occasionally in hypodermal cells in the tail. Beta-Galactosidase staining was also present in few pharyngeal cells of the adult worms but not in the pharyngeal cells of larval stages. Expression of cpz-1:gfp translational construct was detected in all developmental stages except embryos. The cpz-1:gfp expression was restricted to the hypodermis, with additional expression in the pharynx and the gonad only in the L4 and adult worms stages. The specific expression in the pharynx of adult stages was similar to that observed in cpz-1:lacZ transgenic worms. There was no embryonic expression of the gfp construct. |
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Clone: pUL#IAH10A2 |
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Expr7481
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Strong consistent expression was seen in all four independent lines examined, but all were very mosaic and three least mosaic lines were retained. Expression was extensive and included nerve cells in the head, tail and ventral nerve cord, strong expression in the excretory cell, occasional weak expression in body wall muscle cells, adult tail hypodermis, the vulva, coelomocytes, pharynx and intestine, particularly anterior and posterior intestine. Expression was particularly strong in the elongating and fully elongated embryo, but expression starts at the comma stage. Expression through larval stages and through to adult is also quite strong. |
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Expr8408
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Expression detected from late embryos to adults. In late embryos to L1, expression is seen in dnc and intestine. From L2 to adults, expression is detected in almost all tissues except germline; specifically muscle, rectum, vulva, spermatheca, pharynx, intestine, vnc, dnc, nerve ring, hypodermis. |
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Expr8409
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Expression seen from late L1 to adult stages. Weak expression detected ubiquitously (except germline). Stronger in pharynx, vulva, vulval muscle, body wall muscle. |
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Expr8416
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Expressed from early embryo continuing through adulthood. In early embryos, expression is detected on the lateral sides and in mid embryo stages, expression is detected on the posterior part only. In larval and adult stages, expression is seen in posterior areas of intestine, rectum and tail hypodermis. Weak expression in pharynx, vnc, vulva, dnc and head nerves and tail nerves. |
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Expr8428
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Expressed from late embryos to adulthood. Expressed in a subset of pharyngeal muscles (pm3, 4 and 7). Expression seen also in head nerves and dnc. Expressed weakly in tails, perhaps in tail hypodermis during adulthood but seen also at earlier stages. |
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Expr8458
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Expression seen ubiquitously (except germline) from pre-comma stage to adulthood. |
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Expr8466
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Expression detected from L1 to adult. Expression becomes stronger in later stages and in adults is almost ubiquitous. Strongest expression seen in nerve ring, hypodermis, vulva and pharynx. |
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Expr8479
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Expression seen from L1 to adult stages. Strong expression seen is pharynx, vulva and rectal glands. Weak expression seen in hypodermis and seam cells. Also seen in canal nerves, spermatheca/uterine valve and head neuron. Posterior intestine expression also detected. |
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Expr405
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Expression begins in young larvae and is seen in a number of tissues i.e. pharynx, circumphanryngeal nerve ring, vulva and vulval muscle, tail hypodermis, pharyngeo-intestinal and intestino-rectal valves. |
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Data observed from, atIs13, atEx32 and atEx35. |
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Expr970
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In comma to 1.5-fold stage embryos, the nhr-25::GFP are expressed in the V cells, P cells and hyp7. Expression also observed in the head and tail hypodermal cells of embryos. The earliest expression is at ~250-300 min post fertilization. atEx32 and atEx35 L1 animals exhibited consistent reporter expression in the hyp7 and P cell nuclei. The P cell expression was very strong at hatching. GFP expression in the P cell and hyp7 decreased during mid-L1, but frequently increased late L1. At hatching no expression in observed in the V cells. In mid L1 the V cells divided and the anterior daughters begin to express GFP as they join the syncytium. Strong expression is also seen in the head and tail hypodermal nuclei of L1 larva. Expression in the hypodermal nuclei of older larva stages is similar to that in the L1. GFP expression decreases markedly in adults. GFP is also observed in other ectodermal cells. In L1, expression is observed in the G2(excretory pore) cell and in a cell tentatively identified as the W neuroblast. In older larva, expression continues in G2 but disappears in the W lineage once the cells divides to generate neurons. Beginning in L2, GFP is expressed in the region around the rectum. Expression is also occasionally observed in the anterior pharynx, in the nuclei with positions consistent with those of the pharyngeal epithelial cells. |
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