WormMine: Gene WBGene00000249

• WormBase Gene ID: WBGene00000249
• Gene Name: bir-1
• Sequence Name: T27F2.3
• Brief Description: bir-1 encodes a homolog of the baculoviral inhibitor-of-apoptosis (IAP) repeat (BIR) proteins (BIRPs) family; bir-1 is required for meiotic and mitotic chromosome segregation and for cytokinesis; BIR-1 localizes to meiotic and mitotic chromosomes and to the spindle midzone; BIR-1 forms a protein complex with CSC-1, ICP-1 and AIR-2.
• Organism: Caenorhabditis elegans
• Automated Description: Predicted to enable metal ion binding activity. Involved in several processes, including chromosome organization; egg-laying behavior; and inductive cell migration. Located in condensed chromosome and spindle midzone. Expressed in egg-laying apparatus; hypodermis; pharynx; rectal muscle; and somatic nervous system. Human ortholog(s) of this gene implicated in several diseases, including carcinoma (multiple); ductal carcinoma in situ; and endometrial hyperplasia. Is an ortholog of human BIRC5 (baculoviral IAP repeat containing 5).
• Biotype: SO:0001217
• Genetic Position: V :3.22936 ±0.001138
• Length (nt): 894

1 Organism

• Name: Caenorhabditis elegans
• Taxon Id: 6239

1 Synonyms

• Value: WBGene00000249

Genomics

2 Transcripts

WormMine ID	Sequence Name	Length (nt)	Chromosome Location
Transcript:T27F2.3.2	T27F2.3.2	669	V: 11644477-11645366
Transcript:T27F2.3.1	T27F2.3.1	567	V: 11644760-11645370

Other

1 CDSs

WormMine ID	Sequence Name	Length (nt)	Chromosome Location
CDS:T27F2.3	T27F2.3	468	V: 11644763-11644885

19 RNAi Result

• WBRNAi00069122
• WBRNAi00087542
• WBRNAi00027730
• WBRNAi00019351
• WBRNAi00054337
• WBRNAi00069118
• WBRNAi00097135
• WBRNAi00065427
• WBRNAi00073295
• WBRNAi00073294
• WBRNAi00073296
• WBRNAi00077272
• WBRNAi00077286
• WBRNAi00097134
• WBRNAi00069119
• WBRNAi00069123
• WBRNAi00097529
• WBRNAi00097555
• WBRNAi00097131

22 Allele

• gk963271
• gk963301
• gk964458
• gk964459
• gk964451
• gk964452
• gk963618
• WBVar02061117
• gk964054
• gk964055
• gk555823
• gk831028
• gk903249
• gk683619
• n3329
• gk310351
• gk310352
• gk310353
• gk5784
• gk247890
• ttTi36901
• gk247891

1 Chromosome

• WormBase ID: V
• Organism: Caenorhabditis elegans
• Length (nt): 20924180

1 Chromosome Location

• Feature . Primary Identifier: WBGene00000249
• Start: 11644477
• End: 11645370
• Strand: 1

4 Data Sets

• WormBaseAcedbConverter
• GO Annotation data set
• C. elegans genomic annotations (GFF3 Gene)
• Panther orthologue and paralogue predictions

1 Downstream Intergenic Region

• WormBase ID: intergenic_region_chrV_11645371..11645480
• Length (nt): 110
• Chromosome Location: V: 11645371-11645480
• Organism: Caenorhabditis elegans

136 Expression Clusters

Regulated By Treatment	Description	Algorithm	Primary Identifier
	Transcripts of coding genes that showed significantly decreased expression in muscle.	DESeq2 (version 1.24.0). Transcripts with a false-discovery rate adjusted p-value less than 0.05 were considered significantly differentially expressed.	WBPaper00062325:muscle_depleted_coding-RNA
	Transcripts expressed in neuronal cells, by analyzingfluorescence-activated cell sorted (FACS) neurons.	DESeq. False discovry rate (FDR) < 0.1.	WBPaper00048988:neuron_expressed
	Genes that showed expression levels higher than the corresponding reference sample (embryonic 24hr reference).	A Mann-Whitney U test with an empirical background model and FDR correction for multiple testing was used to detect expressed transcripts (Benjamini and Hochberg 1995). Genes and TARs with an FDR <= 0.05 were reported as expressed above background. Authors detected differentially expressed transcripts using a method based on linear models. Genes and TARs were called differentially expressed if the FDR was <= 0.05 and the fold change (FC) >= 2.0. To more strictly correct for potential false-positives resulting from multiple sample comparisons, authors divided individual FDR estimates by the number of samplesor sample comparisons, respectively. This resulted in an adjusted FDR of 1.3 * 0.0001 for expression above background and of 7.4 * 0.0001 for differential expression. Authors called genes selectively enriched in a given tissue if they met the following requirements: (1) enriched expression in a given tissue (FDR <= 0.05 and FC >= 2.0), (2) fold change versus reference among the upper 40% of the positive FC range observed for this gene across all tissues, and (3) fold-change entropy among the lower 40% of the distribution observed for all genes.	WBPaper00037950:all-neurons_L1-larva_expressed
adult vs dauer larva	Transcripts that showed differential expression in adult vs dauer lava in N2 animals at 20C.	N.A.	WBPaper00050488:adult_vs_dauer_regulated_N2_20C
	Genes that showed expression levels higher than the corresponding reference sample (embryonic 24hr reference).	A Mann-Whitney U test with an empirical background model and FDR correction for multiple testing was used to detect expressed transcripts (Benjamini and Hochberg 1995). Genes and TARs with an FDR <= 0.05 were reported as expressed above background. Authors detected differentially expressed transcripts using a method based on linear models. Genes and TARs were called differentially expressed if the FDR was <= 0.05 and the fold change (FC) >= 2.0. To more strictly correct for potential false-positives resulting from multiple sample comparisons, authors divided individual FDR estimates by the number of samplesor sample comparisons, respectively. This resulted in an adjusted FDR of 1.3 * 0.0001 for expression above background and of 7.4 * 0.0001 for differential expression. Authors called genes selectively enriched in a given tissue if they met the following requirements: (1) enriched expression in a given tissue (FDR <= 0.05 and FC >= 2.0), (2) fold change versus reference among the upper 40% of the positive FC range observed for this gene across all tissues, and (3) fold-change entropy among the lower 40% of the distribution observed for all genes.	WBPaper00037950:AVE-neuron_L1-larva_expressed
	Transcripts that showed significantly higher expression in somatic gonad precursor cells (SGP) vs. head mesodermal cells (hmc).	DESeq2, fold change >= 2, FDR <= 0.01.	WBPaper00056826:SGP_biased
Bacteria infection: Enterococcus faecalis OG1RF. Exposure for 16 hours.	Transcripts that showed significantly decreased expression in N2 after animals were exposed to E. faecalis OG1RF for 16 hours comparing to exposure to E. Coli OP50.	Cuffcompare and Cuffdiff	WBPaper00056090:E.faecalis_downregulated_N2
	Transcripts expressed in the epithelial tissues surrounding the pharynx that includes the arcade and intestinal valve (AIV) cells, according to PAT-Seq analysis using Pbath-15-GFP-3XFLAG mRNA tagging.	Cufflinks FPKM value >=1.	WBPaper00050990:arcade_intestinal-valve_expressed
	Genes significantly enriched in NSM neurons (isolated by FACS) versus the reference, according to RNAseq analysis towards total RNA.	Gene expression quantification and differential expression was analyzed using cufflinks v2.2.1. Enriched contains only genes significantly enriched (differentially expressed >= 2.4 fold in total RNA or >= 3.2 fold in DSN treated total RNA) in the NSM neurons versus the reference.	WBPaper00045974:NSM_enriched_totalRNA_RNAseq
	Transcripts expressed in body muscle, according to PAT-Seq analysis using Pmyo-3-GFP-3XFLAG mRNA tagging.	Cufflinks FPKM value >=1.	WBPaper00050990:body-muscle_expressed
	Transcripts expressed in GABAergic neuron, according to PAT-Seq analysis using Punc-47-GFP-3XFLAG mRNA tagging.	Cufflinks FPKM value >=1.	WBPaper00050990:GABAergic-neuron_expressed
	Transcripts expressed in hypodermis, according to PAT-Seq analysis using Pdpy-7-GFP-3XFLAG mRNA tagging.	Cufflinks FPKM value >=1.	WBPaper00050990:hypodermis_expressed
	Transcripts expressed in intestine, according to PAT-Seq analysis using Pges-1-GFP-3XFLAG mRNA tagging.	Cufflinks FPKM value >=1.	WBPaper00050990:intestine_expressed
	Maternal class (M): genes that are called present in at least one of the three PC6 replicates.	A modified Welch F statistic was used for ANOVA. For each gene, regressed error estimates were substituted for observed error estimates. The substitution is justified by the lack of consistency among the most and least variable genes at each time point. Regressed error estimates were abundance-dependent pooled error estimates that represented a median error estimate from a window of genes of similar abundance to the gene of interest. A randomization test was used to compute the probability Pg of the observed F statistic for gene g under the null hypothesis that developmental time had no effect on expression. P-values were not corrected for multiple testing.	[cgc5767]:expression_class_M
	Transcripts expressed in NMDA neuron, according to PAT-Seq analysis using Pnmr-1-GFP-3XFLAG mRNA tagging.	Cufflinks FPKM value >=1.	WBPaper00050990:NMDA-neuron_expressed
	Transcripts expressed in pharynx, according to PAT-Seq analysis using Pmyo-2-GFP-3XFLAG mRNA tagging.	Cufflinks FPKM value >=1.	WBPaper00050990:pharynx_expressed
	Transcripts that showed significantly increased expression in day 1 adult hermaphrodite comparing to in L4 larva fem-3(q20) animals.	Fold change > 2, FDR < 0.05	WBPaper00064088:Day-1-adult_vs_L4_upregulated_fem-3(q20)
	Transcripts that showed significantly increased expression in day 3 adult hermaphrodite comparing to in L4 larva fem-3(q20) animals.	Fold change > 2, FDR < 0.05	WBPaper00064088:Day-3-adult_vs_L4_upregulated_fem-3(q20)
	Transcripts expressed in vulva.	FPKM >= 1.	WBPaper00064122:vulva_transcriptome
Bacteria diet: Sphingomonas aquatilis Yellow. Fed for 30 generations.	Transcripts that showed significantly decreased expression after fed by bacteria Sphingomonas aquatilis (Yellow) for 30 generations comparing to animals fed by E. coli OP50.	DESeq2 fold change > 2, p-value < 0.01.	WBPaper00061007:S.aquatilis_downregulated
Bacteria infection: Bacillus thuringiensis	mRNAs that showed significantly decreased expression after pathogenic bacteria Bacillus thuringiensis infections comparing to non pathogenic BT (BT247(1 to 10 mix) vs BT407 6h), according to RNAseq.	Cuffdiff, ajusted p-value < 0.01.	WBPaper00046497:B.thuringiensis_0.1mix_downregulated_6h
Bacteria infection: Bacillus thuringiensis	mRNAs that showed significantly decreased expression after pathogenic bacteria Bacillus thuringiensis infections comparing to non pathogenic BT (BT247(1 to 10 mix) vs BT407 12h), according to RNAseq.	Cuffdiff, ajusted p-value < 0.01.	WBPaper00046497:B.thuringiensis_0.1mix_downregulated_12h
Bacteria infection: Bacillus thuringiensis	mRNAs that showed significantly decreased expression after pathogenic bacteria Bacillus thuringiensis infections comparing to non pathogenic BT (BT247(1 to 2 mix) vs BT407 12h), according to RNAseq.	Cuffdiff, ajusted p-value < 0.01.	WBPaper00046497:B.thuringiensis_0.5mix_downregulated_12h
	Transcripts that showed significantly increased expression in 10-days post L4 adult hermaphrodite N2 grown at 20C, comparing to in 1-day post L4 adult hermaphrodite N2 animals grown at 20C.	CuffDiff, fold change > 2.	WBPaper00065096:Day10_vs_Day1_upregulated
	Genes with increased RNA expression after 24 hours rotenone treatment	EdgeR provides statistical routines for determining differential expression in digital gene expression data using a model based on the negative binomial distribution. The resulting p-values were adjusted using the Benjamini and Hochbergs approach for controlling the false discovery rate (FDR). Transcripts with an adjusted p-value smaller 0.05 were assigned as differentially expressed.	WBPaper00044426:rotenone_24h_upregulated
	Genes that showed expression levels higher than the corresponding reference sample (L2 all cell reference).	A Mann-Whitney U test with an empirical background model and FDR correction for multiple testing was used to detect expressed transcripts (Benjamini and Hochberg 1995). Genes and TARs with an FDR <= 0.05 were reported as expressed above background. Authors detected differentially expressed transcripts using a method based on linear models. Genes and TARs were called differentially expressed if the FDR was <= 0.05 and the fold change (FC) >= 2.0. To more strictly correct for potential false-positives resulting from multiple sample comparisons, authors divided individual FDR estimates by the number of samplesor sample comparisons, respectively. This resulted in an adjusted FDR of 1.3 * 0.0001 for expression above background and of 7.4 * 0.0001 for differential expression. Authors called genes selectively enriched in a given tissue if they met the following requirements: (1) enriched expression in a given tissue (FDR <= 0.05 and FC >= 2.0), (2) fold change versus reference among the upper 40% of the positive FC range observed for this gene across all tissues, and (3) fold-change entropy among the lower 40% of the distribution observed for all genes.	WBPaper00037950:A-class-motor-neurons_L2-larva_expressed
	Transcripts that showed significantly decreased expression in tetraploid N2 comparing to diploid N2 animals at L4 larva stage.	DESeq2 R package (1.20.0), fold change > 2, and FDR < 0.05.	WBPaper00066110:tetraploid_vs_diploid_downregulated
	Genes that showed expression levels higher than the corresponding reference sample (L2 all cell reference).	A Mann-Whitney U test with an empirical background model and FDR correction for multiple testing was used to detect expressed transcripts (Benjamini and Hochberg 1995). Genes and TARs with an FDR <= 0.05 were reported as expressed above background. Authors detected differentially expressed transcripts using a method based on linear models. Genes and TARs were called differentially expressed if the FDR was <= 0.05 and the fold change (FC) >= 2.0. To more strictly correct for potential false-positives resulting from multiple sample comparisons, authors divided individual FDR estimates by the number of samplesor sample comparisons, respectively. This resulted in an adjusted FDR of 1.3 * 0.0001 for expression above background and of 7.4 * 0.0001 for differential expression. Authors called genes selectively enriched in a given tissue if they met the following requirements: (1) enriched expression in a given tissue (FDR <= 0.05 and FC >= 2.0), (2) fold change versus reference among the upper 40% of the positive FC range observed for this gene across all tissues, and (3) fold-change entropy among the lower 40% of the distribution observed for all genes.	WBPaper00037950:all-neurons_L2-larva_expressed
	Genes that showed expression levels higher than the corresponding reference sample (L3/L4 all cell reference).	A Mann-Whitney U test with an empirical background model and FDR correction for multiple testing was used to detect expressed transcripts (Benjamini and Hochberg 1995). Genes and TARs with an FDR <= 0.05 were reported as expressed above background. Authors detected differentially expressed transcripts using a method based on linear models. Genes and TARs were called differentially expressed if the FDR was <= 0.05 and the fold change (FC) >= 2.0. To more strictly correct for potential false-positives resulting from multiple sample comparisons, authors divided individual FDR estimates by the number of samplesor sample comparisons, respectively. This resulted in an adjusted FDR of 1.3 * 0.0001 for expression above background and of 7.4 * 0.0001 for differential expression. Authors called genes selectively enriched in a given tissue if they met the following requirements: (1) enriched expression in a given tissue (FDR <= 0.05 and FC >= 2.0), (2) fold change versus reference among the upper 40% of the positive FC range observed for this gene across all tissues, and (3) fold-change entropy among the lower 40% of the distribution observed for all genes.	WBPaper00037950:dopaminergic-neurons_L3-L4-larva_expressed
	Genes that showed expression levels higher than the corresponding reference sample (L2 all cell reference).	A Mann-Whitney U test with an empirical background model and FDR correction for multiple testing was used to detect expressed transcripts (Benjamini and Hochberg 1995). Genes and TARs with an FDR <= 0.05 were reported as expressed above background. Authors detected differentially expressed transcripts using a method based on linear models. Genes and TARs were called differentially expressed if the FDR was <= 0.05 and the fold change (FC) >= 2.0. To more strictly correct for potential false-positives resulting from multiple sample comparisons, authors divided individual FDR estimates by the number of samplesor sample comparisons, respectively. This resulted in an adjusted FDR of 1.3 * 0.0001 for expression above background and of 7.4 * 0.0001 for differential expression. Authors called genes selectively enriched in a given tissue if they met the following requirements: (1) enriched expression in a given tissue (FDR <= 0.05 and FC >= 2.0), (2) fold change versus reference among the upper 40% of the positive FC range observed for this gene across all tissues, and (3) fold-change entropy among the lower 40% of the distribution observed for all genes.	WBPaper00037950:GABAergic-motor-neurons_L2-larva_expressed

11 Expression Patterns

• Primary Identifier: Expr2009625
• Pattern: Single cell embryonic expression. Only cell types with an expression fraction of greater 0.2 of the maximum expressed fraction are labeled (Full data can be downloaded from http://caltech.wormbase.org/pub/wormbase/datasets-published/packer2019/). The colors represent the broad cell class to which the cell type has been assigned. The size of the point is proportional to the log2 of the numbers of cells in the dataset of that cell type. Interactive visualizations are available as a web app (https://cello.shinyapps.io/celegans/) and can also be installed as an R package (https://github.com/qinzhu/VisCello.celegans).

• Primary Identifier: Expr1030159
• Pattern: Tiling arrays expression graphs

• Primary Identifier: Expr1923
• Remark: CeSKIP(skp-1) is likely part of a two-gene operon. The first gene of this operon is bir-1. RT-PCR with primers derived from bir-1 and CeSKIP in combination with SL1 and SL2 primers demonstrated that bir-1 was SL1 trans-spliced and CeSKIP was SL2 trans-spliced. Reporter gene fusion type not specified.
• Pattern: Embryos expressed CeSKIP::gfp ubiquitously beginning at approximately the 30 cell stage. The expression of CeSKIP::gfp continues in larval development and adult animals although the level of expression varies in different tissues. The most pronounced expression is in pharyngeal cells, in head and neurons, neurons of dorsal and ventral neuronal cord, in muscle cells, and epidermal cells mostly in head and in tail, and in some seam cells. In L4 larvae and adults, egg laying muscle cells, and anal muscle cells are also strongly labeled.

• Primary Identifier: Expr2027863
• Pattern: Single cell embryonic expression. Only cell types with an expression fraction of greater 0.2 of the maximum expressed fraction are labeled (Full data can be downloaded from http://caltech.wormbase.org/pub/wormbase/datasets-published/packer2019/). The colors represent the broad cell class to which the cell type has been assigned. The size of the point is proportional to the log2 of the numbers of cells in the dataset of that cell type. Interactive visualizations are available as a web app (https://cello.shinyapps.io/celegans/) and can also be installed as an R package (https://github.com/qinzhu/VisCello.celegans).

• Primary Identifier: Expr1157882
• Pattern: Developmental gene expression time-course. Raw data can be downloaded from ftp://caltech.wormbase.org/pub/wormbase/datasets-published/hashimshony2015

• Primary Identifier: Expr1274
• Pattern: bir-1 is highly expressed in embryos, with a stable lower level of expression throughout all other developmental stages.

• Primary Identifier: Expr1026308
• Pattern: Developmental gene expression time-course. Raw data can be downloaded from ftp://caltech.wormbase.org/pub/wormbase/datasets-published/levin2012

• Primary Identifier: Expr1903
• Remark: No detailed description on cellular expression patterns.
• Subcellular Localization: BIR-1 localizes to the inner ends between homologues in metaphase I and between sister chromatids in metaphase II, identical to the pattern observed with AIR-2.

• Primary Identifier: Expr1890
• Remark: No detailed description on cellular expression patterns.
• Subcellular Localization: During late diakinesis and metaphase I, BIR-1 is restricted to a defined short segment of the bivalents (the highly condensed pairs of homologs). At anaphase I, BIR-1 relocalize to the midzone of the meiotic spindle.

• Primary Identifier: Expr1076
• Remark: All BIR-1 staining was eliminated following bir-1 RNAi, further confirming the specificity of the antibodies
• Pattern: BIR-1 expression was highest in embryos, and lowest in L1 larvae. BIR-1 was present at low levels in growing L2, L3, and L4 larvae as well as in adults. Immunostaining of fixed embryos with affinity-purified anti-BIR-1 antibodies revealed that BIR-1 was present in dividing cells at multiple sites. Little BIR-1 immunoreactivity was detected in differentiating cells.

• Primary Identifier: Expr1077
• Remark: No detailed description on cellular localization.
• Subcellular Localization: BIR-1 immunoreactivity was first detected on prometaphase chromosomes and persisted on these chromosomes at the metaphase plate. BIR-1 staining overlapped with DNA rather than with the kinetochore, as determined by triple-staining with DAPI and antibodies against BIR-1 and HCP-1. During anaphase, BIR-1 was present both on chromosomes and the spindle midzone. During telophase, BIR-1 immunoreactivity was no longer detectable on decondensing DNA but was still present on the spindle midzone. Following cytokinesis, BIR-1 staining persisted at the cytokinetic remnant. A similar pattern of immunoreactivity was observed within cells during subsequent divisions. BIR-1 was also present during meiosis. In hermaphrodite oocytes, BIR-1 first became visible on the condensed chromosomes of the oocyte most proximal to the spermatheca. BIR-1 localization to chromosomes in this oocyte required sperm in the spermatheca and either preceded or was concomitant with nuclear envelope breakdown. BIR-1 was also associated with meiotic chromosomes in spermatocytes but was not associated with DNA in mature sperm or condensed paternal DNA following fertilization. Following fertilization, BIR-1 remained localized to condensed maternal chromosomes during metaphase I and was found associated with chromosomes as well as the spindle midzone during anaphase I. During metaphase II, BIR-1 was seen associated with polar body DNA and the sister chromatids. BIR-1 was again associated with both polar body DNA and the spindle midzone during anaphase II.

20 GO Annotation

4 Homologues

1 Locations

• Feature . Primary Identifier: WBGene00000249
• Start: 11644477
• End: 11645370
• Strand: 1

20 Ontology Annotations

2 Regulates Expr Cluster

Regulated By Treatment	Description	Algorithm	Primary Identifier
	Proteins identified only in BIR-1 hyperinduction fractions comparing to N2 fractions based on 2D-HPLC and MS proteomic analysis.	N.A.	WBPaper00045565:BIR-1_induced
	Proteins identified only in N2 fractions comparing to BIR-1 hyperinduction fractions based on 2D-HPLC and MS proteomic analysis.	N.A.	WBPaper00045565:BIR-1_suppressed

1 Sequence

• Length: 894

1 Sequence Ontology Term