WormMine: Gene WBGene00004219

• WormBase Gene ID: WBGene00004219
• Gene Name: ptr-4
• Sequence Name: C45B2.7
• Brief Description: ptr-4 encodes a nematode-specific member of the sterol sensing domain(SSD) proteins, distantly paralogous to Drosophila PATCHED (PTC) andhuman PTCH (OMIM:601309, mutated in basal cell nevus syndrome); PTR-4 isstrongly required for normal molting from L4 to adult stages male taildevelopment (a role conserved in C. briggsae); PTR-4 is also requiredfor normal endocytosis of yolk by oocytes, adult alae formation, growthto full size, locomotion, and viability.
• Organism: Caenorhabditis elegans
• Automated Description: Involved in endocytosis and molting cycle. Acts upstream of or within nematode male tail mating organ morphogenesis. Predicted to be located in cytoplasmic vesicle membrane and plasma membrane. Expressed in cuticular ala; epithelial cell; hyp7 syncytium; rectum; and vulva. Human ortholog(s) of this gene implicated in autistic disorder. Is an ortholog of human PTCHD1 (patched domain containing 1) and PTCHD4 (patched domain containing 4).
• Biotype: SO:0001217
• Genetic Position: X :-3.78247 ±0.008974
• Length (nt): 5229

1 Organism

• Name: Caenorhabditis elegans
• Taxon Id: 6239

1 Synonyms

• Value: WBGene00004219

Genomics

1 Transcripts

WormMine ID	Sequence Name	Length (nt)	Chromosome Location
Transcript:C45B2.7.1	C45B2.7.1	3121	X: 6060758-6065986

Other

1 CDSs

WormMine ID	Sequence Name	Length (nt)	Chromosome Location
CDS:C45B2.7	C45B2.7	2883	X: 6060975-6061096

21 RNAi Result

• WBRNAi00024823
• WBRNAi00042521
• WBRNAi00008521
• WBRNAi00076944
• WBRNAi00066777
• WBRNAi00076912
• WBRNAi00076935
• WBRNAi00064686
• WBRNAi00064729
• WBRNAi00064757
• WBRNAi00087719
• WBRNAi00068526
• WBRNAi00068527
• WBRNAi00068528
• WBRNAi00068525
• WBRNAi00111630
• WBRNAi00001827
• WBRNAi00068971
• WBRNAi00068972
• WBRNAi00076967
• WBRNAi00092937

74 Allele

• gk964260
• WBVar01926880
• tm10945
• tm10749
• gk712907
• gk364584
• gk366196
• gk708518
• gk332329
• gk358836
• gk400493
• gk700420
• gk697844
• gk648840
• gk903935
• gk598885
• gk386684
• gk331908
• gk828708
• gk522560
• gk591281
• gk631349
• gk574217
• gk329792
• gk679429
• gk681962
• gk924008
• gk383076
• gk318892
• gk833136

1 Chromosome

• WormBase ID: X
• Organism: Caenorhabditis elegans
• Length (nt): 17718942

1 Chromosome Location

• Feature . Primary Identifier: WBGene00004219
• Start: 6060758
• End: 6065986
• Strand: -1

4 Data Sets

• WormBaseAcedbConverter
• GO Annotation data set
• C. elegans genomic annotations (GFF3 Gene)
• Panther orthologue and paralogue predictions

1 Downstream Intergenic Region

• WormBase ID: intergenic_region_chrX_6060243..6060757
• Length (nt): 515
• Chromosome Location: X: 6060243-6060757
• Organism: Caenorhabditis elegans

299 Expression Clusters

Regulated By Treatment	Description	Algorithm	Primary Identifier
	Genes with expression altered >= 3-fold in dpy-10(e128) mutants.	Data across the wild type series was analyzed using the Significance analysis of Microarrays (SAM) algorithm (to calculate the False Discovery Rate (FDR)).	WBPaper00035873:dpy-10_regulated
	Transcripts of coding genes that showed significantly decreased expression in muscle.	DESeq2 (version 1.24.0). Transcripts with a false-discovery rate adjusted p-value less than 0.05 were considered significantly differentially expressed.	WBPaper00062325:muscle_depleted_coding-RNA
Osmotic stress	Transcripts that showed significantly altered expression with 500 mM salt (NaCl) vs 100 mM salt when food was present	DESeq(version 1.10.1), FDR < 0.05.	WBPaper00050726:OsmoticStress_regulated_Food
Osmotic stress	Transcripts that showed significantly altered expression with 500 mM salt (NaCl) vs 100 mM salt when no food was present	DESeq(version 1.10.1), FDR < 0.05.	WBPaper00050726:OsmoticStress_regulated_NoFood
Bacteria infection: Enterococcus faecalis	Genes with increased expression after 24 hours of infection by E.faecalis Fold changes shown are pathogen vs OP50.	For RNA-seq and tiling arrays, log2 fold changes between gene expression values of infected versus uninfected nematodes were calculated. For log2 fold changes > 0.00001 the values > 81.25th percentile were defined as up-regulated and for log2 fold changes < -0.00001 the values < 18.75th percentile were defined as down-regulated.	WBPaper00038438:E.faecalis_24hr_upregulated_TilingArray
	Transcripts that showed significantly increased expression after animals were treated with 50uM Rifampicin and 250uM Allantoin from day 1 to day 3 adult hermaphradite.	DESeq2(v1.14.1), fold change > 2, p-value < 0.05	WBPaper00055354:Rifampicin-Allantoin_upregulated
	Transcripts that showed significantly increased expression after animals were treated with 50uM Rifampicin from day 1 to day 3 adult hermaphradite.	DESeq2(v1.14.1), fold change > 2, p-value < 0.05	WBPaper00055354:Rifampicin_upregulated
	Transcripts that showed significantly higher expression in somatic gonad precursor cells (SGP) vs. head mesodermal cells (hmc).	DESeq2, fold change >= 2, FDR <= 0.01.	WBPaper00056826:SGP_biased
	Transcripts that showed significantly increased expression after animals were treated with 100uM Psora and 250uM Allantoin from day 1 to day 3 adult hermaphradite.	DESeq2(v1.14.1), fold change > 2, p-value < 0.05	WBPaper00055354:Psora-Allantoin_upregulated
	Transcripts that showed significantly increased expression after animals were treated with 100uM Rapamycin and 50mM Metformin from day 1 to day 3 adult hermaphradite.	DESeq2(v1.14.1), fold change > 2, p-value < 0.05	WBPaper00055354:Rapamycin-Metformin_upregulated
	Proteins interacting with NHR-49-GFP according to co-IP and LC-MS.	N.A.	WBPaper00064071:NHR-49_interacting
	Genes that are significantly up regulated in tdp-1(ok803) poly(A) RNA-seq verses in N2.	DESeq v1.14, with cut-off p-value < 0.05 and FDR < 0.1.	WBPaper00046012:tdp-1(ok803)_upregulated
	Transcripts expressed in hypodermis, according to PAT-Seq analysis using Pdpy-7-GFP-3XFLAG mRNA tagging.	Cufflinks FPKM value >=1.	WBPaper00050990:hypodermis_expressed
	Transcripts that showed significantly decreased expression in atfs-1(cmh15) (null allele) animals comparing to in N2 animals at L4 larva stage.	edgeR, fold change > 2, FDR < 0.05	WBPaper00060909:atfs-1(cmh15)_downregulated
	Genes with expression level regulated by genotype (N2 vs CB4856) and age at L3 larva and Late reproduction stage (96 hours at 24 centigrade).	For model 2, authors used 100 permutations to estimate the FDR threshold. Per permutation, genotypes and ages were independently randomly distributed, keeping the among-gene structure intact. Then for each spot (23,232) on the array, model 2 was tested. The obtained P-values were used to estimate a threshold for each of the explanatory factors. Authors also used a genome-wide threshold of -log10 P-value = 2, which resembles an FDR of 0.072 and 0.060 for marker and the interaction age-marker for the developing worms and FDR of 0.050 and 0.065 for marker and age-marker for the aging worms. For the physiological age effect, authors used a log10 P-value = 8 in developing worms (0.012 FDR) and -log10 P-value = 6 (0.032 FDR).	WBPaper00040858:eQTL_age_regulated_developing
	Transcripts that showed significantly decreased expression in day 3 adult hermaphrodite comparing to in L4 larva daf-16(mu86);glp-1(e2141) animals.	Fold change > 2, FDR < 0.05	WBPaper00064088:Day-3-adult_vs_L4_downregulated_daf-16(mu86);glp-1(e2141)
	Transcripts that showed significantly decreased expression in day 3 adult hermaphrodite comparing to in L4 larva glp-1(e2141) animals.	Fold change > 2, FDR < 0.05	WBPaper00064088:Day-3-adult_vs_L4_downregulated_glp-1(e2141)
	Transcripts that showed significantly increased expression in rrf-3(pk1426) comparing to in N2 at embryo stage.	DESeq2v 1.18.1, fold change > 1.5, adjusted p-value < 0.01.	WBPaper00056169:rrf-3(pk1426)_upregulated_embryo
Bacteria infection: Bacillus thuringiensis	Transcripts that showed significantly increased expression in N2 animals infected by bacteria BMB171/Cry5Ba, an acrystalliferous Bt mutant BMB171 transformed with toxin gene cry5Ba on the shuttle vector pHT304, comparing to N2 animals infected by BMB171/pHT304.	N.A.	WBPaper00064229:B.thuringiensis-Cry5Ba_upregulated
	Transcripts that showed significantly increased expression after four-day-old young adult worms were placed on NGM plates seeded with OP50 in the presence 5% Agaro-oligosaccharides(AGO) for 24 h, comparing to animals grown in the absence of AGO.	Fold change > 2.	WBPaper00064306:Agaro-oligosaccharides_upregulated
	Transcripts that showed significantly increased expression in sin-3(tm1276) comparing to in N2.	DESeq2, fold change > 2, p-value < 0.01.	WBPaper00061203:sin-3(tm1276)_upregulated
	Transcripts that showed significantly increased expression in aak-1(tm1944);aak-2(ok524) animals comparing to in N2.	DEseq 1.18.0, adjusted p-value < 0.05.	WBPaper00056471:aak-1(tm1944);aak-2(ok524)_upregulated
	Transcripts that showed significantly increased expression at the intestine cells of daf-2(e1370) comparing to the intestine cells of N2 animals at L2 larva stage.	DESeq2 (version 1.24.0), fold change >= 2, FDR < 0.05	WBPaper00064632:daf-2(e1370)_upregulated_intestine
	Genes that showed significantly increased expression in daf-2(e1370);hel-1(gk148684) comparing to in hel-1(gk148684)	To identify DEGs, Students t test and the log2 median ratio test were performed to compute t values and median ratios for all the annotated genes. The adjusted P values from each test were computed using an empirical distribution of the null hypothesis, which was obtained from random permutations of the samples. Finally, the adjusted P values from the individual tests were combined to compute the overall P values using Stouffers method , and genes with overall P < 0.05 and fold change > 1.5 were selected as DEGs.	WBPaper00047131:daf-2(e1370)_upregulated_hel-1(gk148684)-background
	Genes that showed significantly increased expression in daf-2(e1370) comparing to in N2.	To identify DEGs, Students t test and the log2 median ratio test were performed to compute t values and median ratios for all the annotated genes. The adjusted P values from each test were computed using an empirical distribution of the null hypothesis, which was obtained from random permutations of the samples. Finally, the adjusted P values from the individual tests were combined to compute the overall P values using Stouffers method , and genes with overall P < 0.05 and fold change > 1.5 were selected as DEGs.	WBPaper00047131:daf-2(e1370)_upregulated_N2-background
	Transcripts that showed significantly increased expression in daf-2(e1370) comparing to in control animals.	NOIseq(v2.34.0), fold change > = 1.5, Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were defined as having a probability of differentialexpression > 95%.	WBPaper00064727:daf-2(e1370)_upregulated
	Top 300 transcripts enriched in excretory duct, excretory pore according to single cell RNAseq.	Top 300 enriched transcripts were determined by log2.ratio of the tpm in the cell type vs the tpm in the other cells * the log2 of the cell.type tpm.	WBPaper00061340:Excretory_duct_and_pore
	Transcripts that showed significantly decreased expression in sin-3(tm1276) comparing to in N2 at early embryo when there were only 3 -5 eggs in the adult.	DESeq2, fold change > 2, adjusted p-value < 0.01	WBPaper00058598:sin-3(tm1276)_downregulated
	Transcripts depleted in purified oocyte P bodies comparing to in the whole animal.	DESeq2, FDR < 0.05, fold change > 2.	WBPaper00065975:P-body_vs_WholeAnimal_depleted
Reduced humidity (98% relative humidity).	Genes that were down-regulated after one day exposure to reduced humidity (98% relative humidity) according to microarray analysis.	Multiple hypothesis testing with the Benjamini-Hochberg correction was applied on calculated p-values. A change in the expression level was considered to be significant if the adjusted p-value was less than 0.001.	WBPaper00044578:reduced-humidity_downregulated_microarray

7 Expression Patterns

• Primary Identifier: Expr16290
• Pattern: ptr-4 is expressed in most but not all external epithelia, starting at the time period when precuticle is first synthesized, from embryonic to L4 stages.

• Primary Identifier: Expr16291
• Subcellular Localization: PTR- 4::SfGFP was not detected during the early part of embryogenesis but appeared by the twofold stage along the apical membranes of the epidermis, excretory duct and pore, and rectum. However, PTR-4 expression was transient and rapidly cleared prior to hatching. PTR-4 reappeared in the middle of each subsequent larval stage, during the time when precuticle is present. During L4 stage, the stage pre- ceding adulthood, PTR-4 was present on apical surfaces between the major epidermis (hyp7) and the lateral seam cells (Figure 5E), which secrete alae (as well as precuticle factors that are needed to shape alae; Lie ́geois et al. 2006; Kolotuev et al. 2009; Forman- Rubinsky et al. 2017; Cohen et al. 2019; Flatt et al. 2019). PTR-4 was also present along apical surfaces of the rectum and of some cells in the vulva, the tube through which eggs will be laid. As in embryogenesis, PTR-4 was transient and disappeared as the adult cuticle was made. Together, these observations demon- strate that PTR-4 is present on the apical surfaces of external epithelia during the time period when precuticle is present.

• Primary Identifier: Expr1032075
• Pattern: Tiling arrays expression graphs

• Primary Identifier: Expr2015171
• Pattern: Single cell embryonic expression. Only cell types with an expression fraction of greater 0.2 of the maximum expressed fraction are labeled (Full data can be downloaded from http://caltech.wormbase.org/pub/wormbase/datasets-published/packer2019/). The colors represent the broad cell class to which the cell type has been assigned. The size of the point is proportional to the log2 of the numbers of cells in the dataset of that cell type. Interactive visualizations are available as a web app (https://cello.shinyapps.io/celegans/) and can also be installed as an R package (https://github.com/qinzhu/VisCello.celegans).

• Primary Identifier: Expr1025279
• Pattern: Developmental gene expression time-course. Raw data can be downloaded from ftp://caltech.wormbase.org/pub/wormbase/datasets-published/levin2012

• Primary Identifier: Expr1146509
• Pattern: Developmental gene expression time-course. Raw data can be downloaded from ftp://caltech.wormbase.org/pub/wormbase/datasets-published/hashimshony2015

• Primary Identifier: Expr2033409
• Pattern: Single cell embryonic expression. Only cell types with an expression fraction of greater 0.2 of the maximum expressed fraction are labeled (Full data can be downloaded from http://caltech.wormbase.org/pub/wormbase/datasets-published/packer2019/). The colors represent the broad cell class to which the cell type has been assigned. The size of the point is proportional to the log2 of the numbers of cells in the dataset of that cell type. Interactive visualizations are available as a web app (https://cello.shinyapps.io/celegans/) and can also be installed as an R package (https://github.com/qinzhu/VisCello.celegans).

9 GO Annotation

11 Homologues

1 Locations

• Feature . Primary Identifier: WBGene00004219
• Start: 6060758
• End: 6065986
• Strand: -1

9 Ontology Annotations

0 Regulates Expr Cluster

1 Sequence

• Length: 5229

1 Sequence Ontology Term