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Expr4283
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TBX-2::GFP expression was present in the both MS- and ABa-derived pharynx cells. TBX-2::GFP expression initiated at the 8E stage (staging by the number of endodermal, or E, cells), in 11 - 12 anteriorly localized pharyngeal cells. Based on position, these cells are likely to be the ABa descendants that will give rise to pharyngeal muscle cells (i.e., ABalpaaa a/p, ABalpapp a/p, ABaraaaaa, ABaraapa a/p, ABarapaa a/p, ARarapapp and ABaraapp a/p). By the 1.5-fold stage, TBX-2::GFP was expressed in pm3, pm5 and variably pm4, with expression persisting throughout the larval and adult stages. Surprisingly, expression extended beyond the ABa lineage after the 1.5-fold stage. For example, only 2/6 pm5 nuclei derive from ABa but authors often observed all pm5 cells expressing TBX-2::GFP in larvae. By the 3-fold stage authors also observed expression in pharyngeal neurons, occasionally in the posterior muscle pm8 and in cells outside of the pharynx such as body wall muscles. Thus, TBX-2::GFP expression initiated within the ABa lineage but ultimately appeared in both ABa and MS-derived muscle cells. |
While TBX-2::GFP was initially localized to nuclei, it was detected in the cytoplasm as well as the nucleus in pm4 and pm5 cells by the 1.5-fold stage. Cytoplasmic expression was not homogeneous. Rather, TBX-2::GFP appeared filamentous, as though it was associated with the cytoskeleton. Cytoplasmic expression was observed even in lines expressing very low levels of TBX-2::GFP, suggesting that cytoplasmic TBX-2::GFP did not reflect over-expression from transgenes. The same pattern was observed in tbx-2(ok529); tbx-2::GFP embryos. This localization pattern suggests that the timing of tbx-2 transcriptional function likely initiates before the 1.5-fold stage, when TBX-2 appears completely nuclear. |
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Embryos at the ~200 cell stage contain 24 clonally committed pharyngeal precursors located in the anterior of the embryo (13 ABa-derived and 11 MS-derived), and the location of the 12 tbx-2::gfp expressing cells at this stage suggests that they are included among these precursors. To determine if these early tbx-2::gfp expressing cells were indeed pharyngeal precursors and to characterize their lineal origin, athors examined expression of a tbx-2::gfp promoter fusion containing the same tbx-2 5'-flanking sequences characterized above fused to gfp just downstream of the tbx-2 translation initiation codon (pOK206.30). Previous studies demonstrated that such promoter fusions can produce a longer lived GFP signal than full-length protein fusions. This tbx-2::gfp promoter fusion produced cytoplasmic GFP first detected in premorphogenetic embryos in the same pattern as full-length fusion protein, but GFP perdured in the pharynx until near hatching. GFP expression was observed in 3-fold embryos and early larvae in a reproducible subset of pharyngeal muscles, with occasional expression in body wall muscles and head neurons. GFP was observed predominantly in pharyngeal muscle types derived solely from ABa or from mixed lineages, and the number of these GFP-positive cells was generally consistent with those containing ABa-derived cells. However, exceptions to this generalization were found. Most notably, GFP was reproducibly observed in one MS-derived m7 muscle and all three m4 muscles (of which 2 contain only MS-derived cells). Taken together, these results strongly suggest that tbx-2::gfp expression in premorphogenetic embryos is limited to pharyngeal precursors, and most of these are ABa-derived, although expression is also likely in a small number of MS-derived pharyngeal precursors. |
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Expr4285
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In transgenic embryos, this larger tbx-2::gfp reporter was expressed in a dynamic pattern, including in a subset of pharyngeal precursors in the premorphogenetic embryo, as well as body wall muscle and pharyngeal neurons. tbx-2::gfp expression initiated in 2 anterior cells in approximately 100 cell embryos and increased to 12 cells by approximately the 200 cell stage. The increasing number of GFP expressing cells was not due to cell divisions; rather tbx-2::gfp expression appeared to initiate asynchronously in individual cells. Expression in these cells was transient and was undetectable by the bean stage. Prior to the bean stage, tbx-2::gfp expression was also observed in body wall muscles, and later, in 2- to 3-fold embryos, expression was observed in a number of pharyngeal neurons. Expression in both of these tissues continued in larvae. |
This full-length fusion protein is nuclear localized. |
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ace-3 and ace-4 are transcribed together from an operon. |
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Expr4203
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The construct was expressed in many cells outside the pharynx, including body wall muscle and neurons, and in several muscle cells within the pharynx, including pm3, pm4, pm5 and pm7. |
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Isoform 1a |
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Expr11754
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Isoform 1b.2 |
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Expr11756
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This Expr_pattern is about CeTMIV, an isoform of tmy-1 transcription. To confirm the CeTMIV isoform expression pattern, corresponding tmy-1::gfp vectors were assayed. Similar GFP expressions induced in pharynx and intestines respectively. These results show that the CeTMIV isoform was expressed in the pharyngeal muscles and intestinal cells and establish that the primary promoter region was located within 853 bp upstream of the initial ATG. pretzel stage (author) = fully-elongated embryo (wjc). |
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Expr1679
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The constructs pTMZIV4349 and pTMZIV1957 induced beta-galactosidase expressions in both the pharyngeal muscles and intestinal cells with similar intensities. Specifically, pharyngeal expressions were observed in all the eight muscle cells (m1-m8), one marginal cell (mc), one epithelial cell (e1) and the four cells of the pharyngo-intestinal valve (PIV). The 20 intestinal cells, some of which are binucleated and localized alongside the intestine, posterior of pharynx and anterior of anus were all stained with intense staining occurring at the most posterior end. Intestinal staining was limited only to intestinal cells, although there were slight variations in position of nuclei and staining intensity. Expression was also detected in embryos between gastrulation and the comma stage. At this stage of development, the exact nuclei are difficult to identify, but the positions and topology suggest pharynx and intestines. By the pretzel stage, identification of the different pharyngeal muscles showing expression becomes possible. A similar expression was also observed in the pharynx of males, although the intestinal staining was more restricted to the posterior region. No expression was induced by the further deletion construct pTMZIV1219. In all cases, the most uniform and intense expression patterns were observed between L1 and L2 worms, and were completed by L2. From L3 to adult, there was a reduction in expression intensity. Both pharyngeal and intestinal expressions were evident within six hours after staining. |
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Feature : "myo-2.B207" |
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Expr11410
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Multimers of a single oligonucleotide from the B fragment (B207) activate pharyngeal expression in a pattern very similar to that observed with the duplicated B fragment, with expression predominately in pharyngeal muscles m3, m4, m5 and m7. Unlike the larger B fragment, the B207 oligonucleotide occasionally activates additional expression in cells other than pharyngeal muscle (e.g. pharyngeal marginal cells, body wall musculature and intestine). |
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Feature: 'WBsf919537::pPD95.21' |
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Expr11811
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The distal enhancer activated reporter gene expression both inside and outside the pharynx. In larvae and adults, expression was observed in the m3, m4, m5, and m7 pharyngeal muscles as well as pharyngeal marginal cells, epithelial cells, and neurons. Expression was also observed outside the pharynx in the body wall muscles and the ventral nerve cord. Distal enhancer activity initiated in the pharynx at the bean stage of embryogenesis near the time that the endogenous ceh-22 gene is first expressed. |
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Picture: N.A. |
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Expr8916
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Expressed in marginal cells, pm3 to pm6. |
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Expr9722
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Expression becomes detectable around the comma stage of embryogenesis and persists through adulthood. Expression in vulval precursor cells is strong and can first be seen in L3. PQN-47::GFP is expressed in seam cells, peaking at L2 and ceasing after the seam cells differentiate in late L4, concurrent with the appearance of alae. The intestine shows variably undetectable to low pqn-47 expression (always less than in the neurons) and gets dimmer as development progresses, especially after L3. The two bulbs of the pharynx, specifically pharyngeal muscle cells pm3-8 (not pm6), are variably bright. Overall expression levels are lower in adults than younger animals, with only some expression in head and tail neurons remaining. Head and nerve ring neurons, pharyngeal cells, ventral nerve cord cells, vulval precursor cells, seam (though interestingly not hyp7), as well as cells in the tail show the strongest pqn-47 expression. Muscle, intestine, the distal tip cells of the gonad, the spermatheca, and a large neuron that may be CAN that is essential for survival but of unknown function near the vulva (also bathed in pseudocoelom fluid, and next to the seam and canal cells), as well as a subset of the ciliated neurons of the head (amphid neurons ASI, ADL, ASK, or AWB) and tail including phasmid cilia PHA and PHB, also express pqn-47. We could not detect expression in the pharyngeal glands as reported for a different promoter pqn-47 fusion construct made as part of a high-throughput analysis of gene expression, although other tissues did show similar patterns. Promoter and translational reporters show pqn-47 expression in numerous somatic cells, including cells uniquely poised to mediate or transmit signal(s) involved in the regulation of molting, some of which have been implicated in molting. For example, many cells expressing PQN-47 have significant exposure to the pseudocoelom, and as such are candidates to transmit or detect endocrine signals; the H-shaped excretory cell and its ducts, which form extensive gap junctions with the hypodermis and lie against the pseudocoelom along the entire body of the worm (Nelson and Riddle, 1984), the head mesodermal cell (hmc) lies in the pseudocoelom up against the (excretory) gland cell and forms gap junctions with them and muscle, and the VPI cells at the juncture of the pharynx and intestine are bathed by the pseudocoelom, as well as the intestine itself. |
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Feature : "ceh-22.pe39_pe41" |
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Expr11279
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Both pe39 and pe41 enhanced expression specifically in pharyngeal muscles. Transgenic lines bearing pe39:: pes-10::lacZ and pe41::pes-10::lacZ reporters exhibited robust reporter gene expression in the m3, m4, m5, and m7 pharyngeal muscles, cells that express the endogenous ceh-22 gene. In addition,the pe41::pes-10::lacZ was also expressed in one non muscle cell in the pharynx (provisionally identified as a g1 gland), the pharyngeal-intestinal valve cells, and a pair of neurons outside the pharynx. The onset of pharyngeal-galactosidase expression was as early as the comma stage of embryogenesis, and expression persisted in the pharyngeal muscles through the remainder of embryogenesis and larval development. Both the spatial and temporal specificity of the pe39 enhancer in particular was nearly indistinguishable from that of the full-length proximal enhancer. |
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Other strain-- UL990 |
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Expr2076
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Expression is seen from early larval stages until adulthood. Strongest expression is seen in the pharyngeal musculature (expression is seen in all muscle cells, excluding m6 and m7, but including m8). Weak expression is seen in a few cells in the head and tail, which are probably neuronal. |
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Expr2628
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Expression was detected in a few nuclei in the head as the embryo reached morphogenesis stage at ~300 minutes of development. Expression was identified in more and more nuclei as development proceeded, so that by the 1 1/2-fold stage a large number of neuronal cells in the head and a few cells in the pharynx expressed zag-1::YFP. At this stage expression was also prominent in motorneurons in the ventral cord and in neurons in tail ganglia. Expression was maintained during the 3-fold stage, but reduced to undetectable levels in most cells before hatching, when only a few cells in the head still expressed zag-1::YFP. In the L1/L2 stage expression was detected transiently in postembryonic motorneurons. Expression was maintained in a few head neurons throughout the entire life cycle. Pzag-1::YFP construct was expressed predominantly in neurons in head and tail ganglia, starting approximately midway through embryogenesis. In some of these neurons expression was maintained throughout development. Additional expression was found consistently in the intestinal and anal depressor muscles during all life stages as well as occasionally in body-wall muscles during embryogenesis. |
zag-1::YFP signal was detected only in the nuclei of cells. |
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Identical staining pattern observed with both antisera (ST::CEH-22 and poly-his::CEH-22 ). Reporter_gene X-gal staining identical to anti-CEH-22 antibodies (Construct contains ~4 kb of ceh-22' -flanking DNA fused to lacZ within the ceh-22 5'-UTR.) This information was extracted from published material (Archana Sharma-Oates, Andrew Mounsey and Ian A. Hope). see Expr748 for western analysis data. |
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Expr603
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Antibody staining limited to nuclei within pharynx and is detected from beginning of morphogenesis onwards. CEH-22 first detected approx. 330 minutes after fertilization (the lima bean stage) in 11-14 pharyngeal muscle nuclei (probably pharyngeal muscle). At 1.5-fold stage, 14-23 pharyngeal nuclei stain. Cells identified as m3, m4, m5 and m7. In embryos that have completed elongation (pretzel stage), CEH-22 positive nuclei are identified as m3, m4, m5 and m7. Also detected in 6 other pharyngeal nuclei, which are believed to be m1 muscles. After hatching, staining persists in m1, m3, m4, m5 and m7 but absent in m6 and m2. |
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Reporter gene fusion type not specified. The antibody staining showed EAT-20 expression in the seam cells and hypodermal cells, which is inconsistent with the absence of GFP expression in those cells in the promoter trap lines, suggesting that p5E5 may not contain all the cis-regulatory elements necessary for the expression of the eat-20 gene. |
GFP expression was analyzed in ncIs1 hermaphrodites carrying p5E5 as a stable integrated transgenic array. Though p5E5 contains a 2-kb genomic fragment derived from LGV at the 5' side in addition to the fragment corresponding to the eat-20 gene, it is confirmed that an extrachromosomal array of p5E5 and that of p5E5del, in which the 2-kb fragment was deleted, gave the same GFP expression pattern. Thus, the fragment at the 5' part of the insert had no effects on the expression of GFP. Neurons expressing GFP were first identified in L1 larvae. |
Expr976
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In embryos, GFP expression was first detected at the 2-fold stage. Sometimes eight cells in the anterior half of the body expressed GFP. At the 3-fold stage, several cells around the pharynx expressed GFP in most embryos. About half of the embryos also expressed GFP weakly in the pharynx. At L1, GFP was detected in a subset of neurons. About half of the larvae also expressed GFP in the pharynx; expression in the terminal bulb was the most intense. At the adult stage, GFP was detected in the pharyngeal muscles, m3, m4, and m6. In addition, GFP was detected in a subset of neurons: IL1, OLQ, BAG, and ALN, several circumpharyngeal cells, and coelomocytes. Very faint GFP fluorescence was detected in the pharyngeal neurons including I4 and I5 in L1 larvae. |
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Expr10043
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All tested strains showed strong enrichment of sup-37 reporter expression within the pharynx beginning at the ~500-cell stage of embryogenesis and continuing throughout larval development and adulthood. In addition, weak-to-modest levels of sup-37 reporter expression were observed in all other cell types. In larval and adult stages, the full-length SUP-37::mCherry was expressed in the pharyngeal muscle groups pm3, pm4, and pm6, but not consistently in other cells of the pharynx. In addition, SUP-37::mCherry expression was faint but detectable in the spermatheca of adult hermaphrodites. Expression of SUP-37::mCherry was not detected in the somatic gonad sheath cells, which also play a role in ovulation. |
Full-length (isoform-a) SUP-37::GFP and SUP- 37::mcherry fusion proteins localize predominantly to nuclei during late stages of embryogenesis. Expression of these constructs was, however, relatively dim and quite variable as compared with the sup-37 transcriptional reporters. Expression of the SUP-37 translational reporters was also occasionally detected in both the cytoplasm and nuclei of early-stage embryos at time points preceding morphogenesis. |
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Reporter gene fusion type not specified. This Expr_pattern is about CeTMIII, an isoform of tmy-1 transcription. |
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Expr1680
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The constructs pTMZIII4135 and pTMZIII1743 permanently induced beta-galactosidase expression in pharyngeal muscles and intestinal cells of the worm from L4 stage. Pharyngeal expression was observed in m1, m3, m4, m5 and m7 muscle cells. Between the L2 and L3 stages, both constructs induced expression in tissues corresponding to germ-line tissue of the gonadal primordium: one anterior and one posterior. At this stage, intestinal expression was restricted to the most posterior part of the worm. The expression in the germ-line tissue was eliminated by L4 stage. The beta-galactosidase expression of CeTMIII isoform was stage specific. In about 95 % of L1 worms, expression was observed in the pharynx only; between L2 and L3 stages, the expression extended further to germ-line tissue and intestinal cells. Permanent expressions in pharynx and intestines were evident from L4 stage and continued to adulthood. The pharyngeal staining was much stronger than those of germ-line tissue and intestines. Unlike CeTMIV isoform, embryonic expression of CeTMIII isoform was absent and the expression intensity of intestinal cells did not decrease with stage. |
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Picture: Fig 3. |
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Expr8678
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Expression in the alimentary canal: Strong and consistent expression in pharyngeal epithelium, pm1, pm2, pm3, pm6, pm7, pm8, mc1, mc2, mc3. Weak or rare expression in pm4, pm5. Expression in the nervous system: DDn, DVA, DVB, DVC, PVP. Expression in the reproductive system: In adult stage, expressed in proximal gonad sheath, spermatheca. In developing larva stage, expressed in uterus, spermatheca. inx-10 is localized to pharyngeal precursors from early stages of embryogenesis, and by three-fold stage, all pharyngeal muscles except pm4 are seen to express it at high levels. |
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Expr11324
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Fairly weak expression, pharynx: pm3,4,6,7,8 mc1,3, glands (strong), excretory cell, hypodermis (borderline detectable). |
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Expr2624
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Promoter-GFP transgenes indicated that lam-3 is expressed during gastrulation and through embryogenesis in pharyngeal, intestinal and epidermal cells. In the larvae, lam-3 gene expression is maintained in the spermatheca and in the pharyngeal m3-m8 and mc cells. |
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Picture: Fig 3. |
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Expr8677
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Expression in the alimentary canal: Strong and consistent expression in anterior arcades, posterior arcades. Weak or rare expression in pm2, pm3, pm4, pm5, pm6, pm7, pm8, mc1, g1, g2, rectal gland cells, rectal epithelial cells. Expression in the nervous system: Phsh, AVK, DVC (early larva), PVR, SIB (early larva), URB, I3. Expression in the reproductive system: In adult stage, expressed in gonad sheath, uterus, vulval muscle. In developing larva stage, expressed in vulva. Neuronal expression of inx-9 appears around three-fold stage. The rectal gland expresses inx-9 during early larval stages. inx-9 is expressed in adult hermaphrodite sex muscles. inx-9 was expressed at high levels in arcade cells starting around two-fold stage continuing throughout development and adulthood. |
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Picture: N.A. |
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Expr8691
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Expression in the alimentary canal: Strong and consistent expression in pm2, pm4, pm5, mc1, mc2. Weak or rare expression in pm3, pm6, pm7, pm8, K.a/K$(B!G(B cells. |
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Expr13074
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All the invertebrate lysozymes have in common an intestinal expression pattern. However, one subset appeared to have additional pharyngeal expression whereas the other exhibited some neuronal promoter activity. ilys-1 expressed in the pm3 cells in the procorpus, the pm4 cells in the anterior bulb pharyngeal muscles (sieve) and the marginal cells mc1 and mc2. |
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Picture: N.A. |
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Expr8674
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Expression in the alimentary canal: Strong and consistent expression in pharyngeal epithelium, pm1, pm2, pm3, pm4, mc2. Weak or rare expression in pm6, vir. Expression in the nervous system: AVD, AVK, RIS, URB. Pharyngeal and neuronal expression of inx-6 start around threefold stage, and some of the expression in head and tail neurons disappears after L1 stage. |
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C. elegans Avermectin-sensitive glutamate-gated chloride ion channel GluCl beta mRNA staining of pm4 pharyngeal muscle cells. Legacy Data: Author "Laughton DJ" "Wolstenholme AJ" "Lunt GG". Date 1995-03. Sequence: U14525. |
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Expr59
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adult worms show nuclear localised staining in the three pm4 pharyngeal muscle cells (3 pairs of nuclei in total) which form the metacorpus. (n.b. we are unsure of the exact developmental profile for the receptor although similar staining patterns have been observed in some early larval stages (?L2/3 onwards) and stained nuclei have been seen in some developing eggs) |
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late embryo(author) = fully-elongated embryo(curator). life_stage summary : L4/adult moult, vulval muscles life_stage summary : from late embryo , pharynx |
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Expr35
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The second component is in the vm2 vulval muscles. The expression here is cytoplasmically localised, and covers only the period around the L4 to adult molt This gene has two distinct modes of expression. The earlier component is in a subset of cells of the pharynx, and is nuclear localised. Expression here is from late embryogenesis onwards, the subset consisting of the m4 muscles in the mid metacorpus,the m2 muscles and e1 and e2 epithelial cells of the procorpus, and the m8 muscle of the posterior terminal bulb. |
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Legacy Data: "Bauer PK" "Mounsey A" "Royall CM" "Hope IA" Date 1997-06. |
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Expr92
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This pattern is very strong. This strain requires less than one hour of incubation for the pattern to be clearly seen. If left longer, non-localised staining of the pharyngeal muscles occurs obscuring the nuclei. There are three components to this pattern. The first is diffuse staining nucei in the procorpus (m2 and m3). The second is strong expession in the m4 nuclei in the metacorpus, and the final component involves m5, m6 and m7 in the terminal bulb. There is some mosaicism exhibited as not all components are seen in all worms. No staining has been seen in the isthmus. |
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Legacy Data: Author "Lynch AS" "Bauer PK" "Hope IA"Date 1996-06. |
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Expr62
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Expression is evident in both the metacorpus and terminal bulb of the adult pharynx. B-gal staining seems to be sub-cellularly localised in the pseudocircular m4 muscle cells in the metacorpus; staining in the terminal bulb is restricted to the posterior of the bulb, and so may mark the location of the m7 muscles. |
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Expr11043
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F48A11.1 was expressed specifically in the period immediately preceding each moult. Expression appeared limited to the pharynx and specifically to the glandular cells g1 and g2 (5 nuclei) in the terminal bulb, the three m4 myo-epithelial cells (6 nuclei) in the metacorpus and the three m3 myo-epithelial cells (6 nuclei) in the pro- corpus. No GFP was detected elsewhere in transgenic nematodes despite careful examination of the reproductive tissues and intestine. |
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Picture: Figure 1B to 1G. |
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Expr8225
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GFP expression was seen in the nuclei of cells that were previously shown to express either endogenous nfi-1, or GFP from an nfi-1::GFP transgene, including all nuclei in the posterior bulb of the pharynx and in muscle cells of the anterior bulb, vulval muscles, body wall muscle, and gut cells. |
Expressed in nuclei. |
