WormMine

WS295

Intermine data mining platform for C. elegans and related nematodes

Gene :

WormBase Gene ID  ? WBGene00001516 Gene Name  gap-2
Sequence Name  ? ZK899.8 Brief Description  gap-2 encodes a Ras GTPase-activating protein (RasGAP) that is orthologous to mammalian nGAP and synGAP (OMIM:606136, OMIM:603384, synGAP is essential for postnatal survival and neuronal development); by homology, GAP-2 is predicted to function as a negative regulator of Ras signaling by enhancing the intrinsically weak Ras GTPase activity; gap-2 loss-of-function mutations partially suppress the larval lethality of let-23 and let-60 loss-of-function mutations, supporting a role for gap-2 in negative regulation of Ras signaling in vivo; gap-2 can encode at least eight different isoforms that appear to be expressed in a wide variety of tissues including the vulva, gonad, pharynx, neurons, and blast/rectal cells of the tail.
Organism  Caenorhabditis elegans Automated Description  Predicted to enable GTPase activator activity. Involved in learning or memory and negative regulation of Ras protein signal transduction. Predicted to be located in cytoplasm. Expressed in several structures, including head muscle; head neurons; non-striated muscle; tail; and vulva. Human ortholog(s) of this gene implicated in several diseases, including artery disease (multiple); autosomal dominant intellectual developmental disorder 5; and gastrointestinal system cancer (multiple). Is an ortholog of human DAB2IP (DAB2 interacting protein); RASAL2 (RAS protein activator like 2); and SYNGAP1 (synaptic Ras GTPase activating protein 1).
Biotype  SO:0001217 Genetic Position  X :1.31883 ±0.03563
Length (nt)  ? 43985
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1 Organism

Name Taxon Id
Caenorhabditis elegans 6239

1 Synonyms

Value
WBGene00001516

Genomics

16 Transcripts

WormMine ID Sequence Name Length (nt) Chromosome Location
Transcript:ZK899.8k.1 ZK899.8k.1 4171   X: 9472470-9516442
Transcript:ZK899.8a.1 ZK899.8a.1 4189   X: 9472470-9516454
Transcript:ZK899.8b.1 ZK899.8b.1 4051   X: 9475283-9516427
Transcript:ZK899.8c.1 ZK899.8c.1 3780   X: 9479502-9515889
Transcript:ZK899.8d.1 ZK899.8d.1 3414   X: 9480667-9515889
Transcript:ZK899.8i.2 ZK899.8i.2 3775   X: 9487376-9516436
Transcript:ZK899.8e.1 ZK899.8e.1 3164   X: 9487380-9515889
Transcript:ZK899.8i.3 ZK899.8i.3 4182   X: 9490626-9516440
Transcript:ZK899.8h.1 ZK899.8h.1 4198   X: 9495032-9516440
Transcript:ZK899.8i.4 ZK899.8i.4 3716   X: 9496540-9516443
Transcript:ZK899.8f.1 ZK899.8f.1 4291   X: 9500819-9516436
Transcript:ZK899.8i.5 ZK899.8i.5 3626   X: 9502081-9516434
Transcript:ZK899.8l.1 ZK899.8l.1 2847   X: 9502315-9515889
Transcript:ZK899.8i.1 ZK899.8i.1 3041   X: 9510525-9516436
Transcript:ZK899.8j.1 ZK899.8j.1 2927   X: 9512811-9516435
Transcript:ZK899.8g.1 ZK899.8g.1 2364   X: 9512819-9515889
 

Other

12 CDSs

WormMine ID Sequence Name Length (nt) Chromosome Location
CDS:ZK899.8k ZK899.8k 3618   X: 9472470-9472620
CDS:ZK899.8a ZK899.8a 3624   X: 9472470-9472620
CDS:ZK899.8c ZK899.8c 3780   X: 9479502-9479848
CDS:ZK899.8f ZK899.8f 2871   X: 9501692-9501774
CDS:ZK899.8l ZK899.8l 2847   X: 9502315-9502373
CDS:ZK899.8j ZK899.8j 2373   X: 9512819-9513033
CDS:ZK899.8b ZK899.8b 3513   X: 9475283-9475384
CDS:ZK899.8d ZK899.8d 3414   X: 9480667-9480919
CDS:ZK899.8e ZK899.8e 3147   X: 9487397-9487442
CDS:ZK899.8g ZK899.8g 2364   X: 9512819-9513024
CDS:ZK899.8h ZK899.8h 3267   X: 9495412-9495517
CDS:ZK899.8i ZK899.8i 2481   X: 9510538-9510725

13 RNAi Result

WormBase ID
WBRNAi00068204
WBRNAi00059822
WBRNAi00001742
WBRNAi00010371
WBRNAi00010372
WBRNAi00022228
WBRNAi00109592
WBRNAi00109203
WBRNAi00109301
WBRNAi00085686
WBRNAi00109495
WBRNAi00109398
WBRNAi00090688

823 Allele

Public Name
gk964260
gk962707
gk963732
otn9156
WBVar01927968
WBVar01927969
WBVar01927970
WBVar01927971
WBVar01927972
WBVar01927973
WBVar01927974
WBVar01927975
WBVar01927976
gk964126
WBVar02122286
WBVar01758906
WBVar01758908
WBVar01758907
WBVar01758909
WBVar01758911
WBVar01758910
WBVar01758913
WBVar01758912
WBVar01758914
cxTi9061
WBVar01693665
WBVar01551048
WBVar01816645
WBVar01816644
WBVar01816648

1 Chromosome

WormBase ID Organism Length (nt)
X Caenorhabditis elegans 17718942  

1 Chromosome Location


Feature . Primary Identifier
Start End Strand
WBGene00001516 9472470 9516454 1

4 Data Sets

Name URL
WormBaseAcedbConverter  
GO Annotation data set  
C. elegans genomic annotations (GFF3 Gene)  
Panther orthologue and paralogue predictions  

0 Downstream Intergenic Region

133 Expression Clusters

Regulated By Treatment Description Algorithm Primary Identifier
  Transcripts that showed significantly increased expression in L1 neural cells comparing to in adult neural cells. DESeq2 (v1.18.1) fold change > 2, P-adj<0.05, using BenjaminiHochberg correction. WBPaper00060811:L1_vs_adult_upregulated_neural
  Transcripts expressed in neuronal cells, by analyzingfluorescence-activated cell sorted (FACS) neurons. DESeq. False discovry rate (FDR) < 0.1. WBPaper00048988:neuron_expressed
adult vs dauer larva Transcripts that showed differential expression in adult vs dauer lava in N2 animals at 20C. N.A. WBPaper00050488:adult_vs_dauer_regulated_N2_20C
  Genes that were upregulated in lin-15B(n744). For each gene in each microarray hybridization experiment, the ratio of RNA levels from the two samples was transformed into a log2 value and the mean log2 ratio was calculated. The log2 ratios were normalized by print-tip Loess normalization (Dudoit and Yang, 2002). All genes with a false discovery rate of <= 5% (q <= 0.05) (Storey and Tibshirani, 2003) and a mean fold-change ratio of >= 1.5 were selected for further analysis. WBPaper00038168:lin-15B(n744)_upregulated
  Transcripts expressed in body muscle, according to PAT-Seq analysis using Pmyo-3-GFP-3XFLAG mRNA tagging. Cufflinks FPKM value >=1. WBPaper00050990:body-muscle_expressed
  Transcripts expressed in hypodermis, according to PAT-Seq analysis using Pdpy-7-GFP-3XFLAG mRNA tagging. Cufflinks FPKM value >=1. WBPaper00050990:hypodermis_expressed
  Transcripts expressed in intestine, according to PAT-Seq analysis using Pges-1-GFP-3XFLAG mRNA tagging. Cufflinks FPKM value >=1. WBPaper00050990:intestine_expressed
  Genes with expression level regulated by genotype (N2 vs CB4856) and age at old adults stage (214 hours at 24 centigrade). For model 2, authors used 100 permutations to estimate the FDR threshold. Per permutation, genotypes and ages were independently randomly distributed, keeping the among-gene structure intact. Then for each spot (23,232) on the array, model 2 was tested. The obtained P-values were used to estimate a threshold for each of the explanatory factors. Authors also used a genome-wide threshold of -log10 P-value = 2, which resembles an FDR of 0.072 and 0.060 for marker and the interaction age-marker for the developing worms and FDR of 0.050 and 0.065 for marker and age-marker for the aging worms. For the physiological age effect, authors used a log10 P-value = 8 in developing worms (0.012 FDR) and -log10 P-value = 6 (0.032 FDR). WBPaper00040858:eQTL_age_regulated_aging
  Genes with expression level regulated by genotype (N2 vs CB4856) and age at L3 larva and Late reproduction stage (96 hours at 24 centigrade). For model 2, authors used 100 permutations to estimate the FDR threshold. Per permutation, genotypes and ages were independently randomly distributed, keeping the among-gene structure intact. Then for each spot (23,232) on the array, model 2 was tested. The obtained P-values were used to estimate a threshold for each of the explanatory factors. Authors also used a genome-wide threshold of -log10 P-value = 2, which resembles an FDR of 0.072 and 0.060 for marker and the interaction age-marker for the developing worms and FDR of 0.050 and 0.065 for marker and age-marker for the aging worms. For the physiological age effect, authors used a log10 P-value = 8 in developing worms (0.012 FDR) and -log10 P-value = 6 (0.032 FDR). WBPaper00040858:eQTL_age_regulated_developing
  Genes with expression level regulated by genotype (N2 vs CB4856) at old adults stage (214 hours at 24 centigrade). For model 2, authors used 100 permutations to estimate the FDR threshold. Per permutation, genotypes and ages were independently randomly distributed, keeping the among-gene structure intact. Then for each spot (23,232) on the array, model 2 was tested. The obtained P-values were used to estimate a threshold for each of the explanatory factors. Authors also used a genome-wide threshold of -log10 P-value = 2, which resembles an FDR of 0.072 and 0.060 for marker and the interaction age-marker for the developing worms and FDR of 0.050 and 0.065 for marker and age-marker for the aging worms. For the physiological age effect, authors used a log10 P-value = 8 in developing worms (0.012 FDR) and -log10 P-value = 6 (0.032 FDR). WBPaper00040858:eQTL_regulated_aging
  Genes with expression level regulated by genotype (N2 vs CB4856) at L3 larva and Late reproduction stage (96 hours at 24 centigrade). For model 2, authors used 100 permutations to estimate the FDR threshold. Per permutation, genotypes and ages were independently randomly distributed, keeping the among-gene structure intact. Then for each spot (23,232) on the array, model 2 was tested. The obtained P-values were used to estimate a threshold for each of the explanatory factors. Authors also used a genome-wide threshold of -log10 P-value = 2, which resembles an FDR of 0.072 and 0.060 for marker and the interaction age-marker for the developing worms and FDR of 0.050 and 0.065 for marker and age-marker for the aging worms. For the physiological age effect, authors used a log10 P-value = 8 in developing worms (0.012 FDR) and -log10 P-value = 6 (0.032 FDR). WBPaper00040858:eQTL_regulated_developing
Bacteria infection: Bacillus thuringiensis mRNAs that showed significantly decreased expression after pathogenic bacteria Bacillus thuringiensis infections comparing to non pathogenic BT (BT247(1 to 10 mix) vs BT407 12h), according to RNAseq. Cuffdiff, ajusted p-value < 0.01. WBPaper00046497:B.thuringiensis_0.1mix_downregulated_12h
Bacteria infection: Bacillus thuringiensis mRNAs that showed significantly decreased expression after pathogenic bacteria Bacillus thuringiensis infections comparing to non pathogenic BT (BT247(1 to 2 mix) vs BT407 12h), according to RNAseq. Cuffdiff, ajusted p-value < 0.01. WBPaper00046497:B.thuringiensis_0.5mix_downregulated_12h
  Maternal class (M): genes that are called present in at least one of the three PC6 replicates. A modified Welch F statistic was used for ANOVA. For each gene, regressed error estimates were substituted for observed error estimates. The substitution is justified by the lack of consistency among the most and least variable genes at each time point. Regressed error estimates were abundance-dependent pooled error estimates that represented a median error estimate from a window of genes of similar abundance to the gene of interest. A randomization test was used to compute the probability Pg of the observed F statistic for gene g under the null hypothesis that developmental time had no effect on expression. P-values were not corrected for multiple testing. [cgc5767]:expression_class_M
  Transcripts that showed significantly increased expression in mrg-1(qa6200) comparing to in control animals in primordial germ cells (PGCs) at L1 larva stage. DESeq2(v1.32.0), FDR < 0.05. WBPaper00064315:mrg-1(qa6200)_upregulated_PGCs
  Transcripts that showed significantly increased expression in animals exposed to 400uM tamoxifen from L1 to L4 larva stage. DEseq2, fold change > 2 WBPaper00064505:tamoxifen_upregulated
  Top 300 transcripts enriched in excretory duct, excretory pore according to single cell RNAseq. Top 300 enriched transcripts were determined by log2.ratio of the tpm in the cell type vs the tpm in the other cells * the log2 of the cell.type tpm. WBPaper00061340:Excretory_duct_and_pore
  Transcripts that showed significantly altered expression after 24 hour exposure to stavudine (d4T) starting at L1 lava stage. DESeq WBPaper00053302:stavudine_24h_regulated
  Transcripts enriched in PHso according to single cell RNAseq. Genes that pass the Bonferroni threshold for multiple comparisons (q < 0.05) are significantly enriched. WBPaper00061651:PHso_enriched
  Genes that showed expression levels higher than the corresponding reference sample (L3/L4 all cell reference). A Mann-Whitney U test with an empirical background model and FDR correction for multiple testing was used to detect expressed transcripts (Benjamini and Hochberg 1995). Genes and TARs with an FDR <= 0.05 were reported as expressed above background. Authors detected differentially expressed transcripts using a method based on linear models. Genes and TARs were called differentially expressed if the FDR was <= 0.05 and the fold change (FC) >= 2.0. To more strictly correct for potential false-positives resulting from multiple sample comparisons, authors divided individual FDR estimates by the number of samplesor sample comparisons, respectively. This resulted in an adjusted FDR of 1.3 * 0.0001 for expression above background and of 7.4 * 0.0001 for differential expression. Authors called genes selectively enriched in a given tissue if they met the following requirements: (1) enriched expression in a given tissue (FDR <= 0.05 and FC >= 2.0), (2) fold change versus reference among the upper 40% of the positive FC range observed for this gene across all tissues, and (3) fold-change entropy among the lower 40% of the distribution observed for all genes. WBPaper00037950:dopaminergic-neurons_L3-L4-larva_expressed
  Genes that showed expression levels higher than the corresponding reference sample (L2 all cell reference). A Mann-Whitney U test with an empirical background model and FDR correction for multiple testing was used to detect expressed transcripts (Benjamini and Hochberg 1995). Genes and TARs with an FDR <= 0.05 were reported as expressed above background. Authors detected differentially expressed transcripts using a method based on linear models. Genes and TARs were called differentially expressed if the FDR was <= 0.05 and the fold change (FC) >= 2.0. To more strictly correct for potential false-positives resulting from multiple sample comparisons, authors divided individual FDR estimates by the number of samplesor sample comparisons, respectively. This resulted in an adjusted FDR of 1.3 * 0.0001 for expression above background and of 7.4 * 0.0001 for differential expression. Authors called genes selectively enriched in a given tissue if they met the following requirements: (1) enriched expression in a given tissue (FDR <= 0.05 and FC >= 2.0), (2) fold change versus reference among the upper 40% of the positive FC range observed for this gene across all tissues, and (3) fold-change entropy among the lower 40% of the distribution observed for all genes. WBPaper00037950:excretory-cell_L2-larva_expressed
  Transcripts that showed significantly altered expression at URX, AQR, and PQR neurons in camt-1(ok515) animals comparing to in wild type AX1888-1 strain. RNA-seq data were mapped using PRAGUI - a Python 3-based pipeline for RNA-seq data analysis. WBPaper00061902:camt-1(ok515)_regulated_URX-AQR-PQR
  Genes that showed expression levels higher than the corresponding reference sample (L3/L4 all cell reference). A Mann-Whitney U test with an empirical background model and FDR correction for multiple testing was used to detect expressed transcripts (Benjamini and Hochberg 1995). Genes and TARs with an FDR <= 0.05 were reported as expressed above background. Authors detected differentially expressed transcripts using a method based on linear models. Genes and TARs were called differentially expressed if the FDR was <= 0.05 and the fold change (FC) >= 2.0. To more strictly correct for potential false-positives resulting from multiple sample comparisons, authors divided individual FDR estimates by the number of samplesor sample comparisons, respectively. This resulted in an adjusted FDR of 1.3 * 0.0001 for expression above background and of 7.4 * 0.0001 for differential expression. Authors called genes selectively enriched in a given tissue if they met the following requirements: (1) enriched expression in a given tissue (FDR <= 0.05 and FC >= 2.0), (2) fold change versus reference among the upper 40% of the positive FC range observed for this gene across all tissues, and (3) fold-change entropy among the lower 40% of the distribution observed for all genes. WBPaper00037950:hypodermis_L3-L4-larva_expressed
  Genes that showed expression levels higher than the corresponding reference sample (L3/L4 all cell reference). A Mann-Whitney U test with an empirical background model and FDR correction for multiple testing was used to detect expressed transcripts (Benjamini and Hochberg 1995). Genes and TARs with an FDR <= 0.05 were reported as expressed above background. Authors detected differentially expressed transcripts using a method based on linear models. Genes and TARs were called differentially expressed if the FDR was <= 0.05 and the fold change (FC) >= 2.0. To more strictly correct for potential false-positives resulting from multiple sample comparisons, authors divided individual FDR estimates by the number of samplesor sample comparisons, respectively. This resulted in an adjusted FDR of 1.3 * 0.0001 for expression above background and of 7.4 * 0.0001 for differential expression. Authors called genes selectively enriched in a given tissue if they met the following requirements: (1) enriched expression in a given tissue (FDR <= 0.05 and FC >= 2.0), (2) fold change versus reference among the upper 40% of the positive FC range observed for this gene across all tissues, and (3) fold-change entropy among the lower 40% of the distribution observed for all genes. WBPaper00037950:PVD-OLL-neurons_L3-L4-larva_expressed
  Transcripts that showed significantly increased expression in hda-2(ok1479) comparing to in N2 animals. DESeq2 (version 1.28.1), FDR < 0.01, fold change > 2. WBPaper00062159:hda-2(ok1479)_upregulated
  Transcripts detected in germline isolated from day-1 adult hermaphrodite animals. All three experiments have CPM >= 1. WBPaper00067147:germline_expressed
  Transcripts that showed significantly increased expression in animals lacking P granules by RNAi experiments targeting pgl-1, pgl-3, glh-1 and glh-4, and unc-119-GFP(+), comparing to in control animals, at 2-day post L4 adult hermaphrodite stage. DESeq2, Benjamini-Hochberg multiple hypothesis corrected p-value < 0.05 and fold change > 2. WBPaper00050859:upregulated_P-granule(-)GFP(+)_vs_control_day2-adult
  Genes found to be regulated by low-copy overexpression of sir-2.1 with p < 0.014. N.A. WBPaper00026929:sir-2.1_overexpression_regulated
  Transcripts of coding genes that showed significantly increased expression in muscle. DESeq2 (version 1.24.0). Transcripts with a false-discovery rate adjusted p-value less than 0.05 were considered significantly differentially expressed. WBPaper00062325:muscle_enriched_coding-RNA
  Genes expressed in N2. Expressed transcripts were identified on the basis of a Present call in 3 out of 4 N2 experiments as determined by Affymetrix MAS 5.0. WBPaper00025141:N2_Expressed_Genes

8 Expression Patterns

Remark Reporter Gene Primary Identifier Pattern Subcellular Localization
    Expr1163253 Developmental gene expression time-course. Raw data can be downloaded from ftp://caltech.wormbase.org/pub/wormbase/datasets-published/hashimshony2015  
    Expr1030912 Tiling arrays expression graphs  
    Expr1487 Predominantly stained gonads and vulva cells. Weak staining was occasionally seen in the pharynx, and a laterally located row of cells, which might be seam cells.  
Birchall, P.S., Fishpool, R.M. and Albertson, D.G. (1995). Visualization of gene expression in whole organisms by FISH-- cellular and subcellular localization of mRNAs for predicted genes from the C. elegans genome sequence. Nature Genet., in press. Sequence connection C07B5.1 removed as this gene model was removed in WormPep 17   Expr82 No amplification product from C. elegans genomic DNA with these primers.  
    Expr1486 Each isoform of gap-2 showed a distinct tissue-specific expression pattern. Exon-10::gfp::lacZ gave weak but consistent staining in four cells symmetricelly localted in the vulva region, probably either vulval muscles or uterine muscles. Exon-13::gfp::lacZ was expressed in many neural cells and some muscle cells in the head region, pharyngeal muscles, pharyngeal epithelial cells, lateral hypodermal cells called seam cells from L2 to adult, and some cells in the developing vulva, typically during the L4 stage. Exon-15::gfp::lacZ exhibited strong expression in the pharyngeal muscle cells m6, in addition to several cells in the tail region. Exon-4::gfp::lacZ was expressed in pharyngeal muscles, pharyngeal epithelial cells and several rectal/blast cells in the tail region.  
    Expr2011942 Single cell embryonic expression. Only cell types with an expression fraction of greater 0.2 of the maximum expressed fraction are labeled (Full data can be downloaded from http://caltech.wormbase.org/pub/wormbase/datasets-published/packer2019/). The colors represent the broad cell class to which the cell type has been assigned. The size of the point is proportional to the log2 of the numbers of cells in the dataset of that cell type. Interactive visualizations are available as a web app (https://cello.shinyapps.io/celegans/) and can also be installed as an R package (https://github.com/qinzhu/VisCello.celegans).  
    Expr2030179 Single cell embryonic expression. Only cell types with an expression fraction of greater 0.2 of the maximum expressed fraction are labeled (Full data can be downloaded from http://caltech.wormbase.org/pub/wormbase/datasets-published/packer2019/). The colors represent the broad cell class to which the cell type has been assigned. The size of the point is proportional to the log2 of the numbers of cells in the dataset of that cell type. Interactive visualizations are available as a web app (https://cello.shinyapps.io/celegans/) and can also be installed as an R package (https://github.com/qinzhu/VisCello.celegans).  
    Expr1018807 Developmental gene expression time-course. Raw data can be downloaded from ftp://caltech.wormbase.org/pub/wormbase/datasets-published/levin2012  

15 GO Annotation

Annotation Extension Qualifier
  involved_in
  involved_in
  involved_in
  involved_in
  enables
  involved_in
  enables
  located_in
  located_in
  involved_in
  located_in
  involved_in
  involved_in
  involved_in
  involved_in

17 Homologues

Type
least diverged orthologue
least diverged orthologue
least diverged orthologue
orthologue
orthologue
orthologue
orthologue
orthologue
orthologue
orthologue
orthologue
orthologue
orthologue
least diverged orthologue
orthologue
orthologue
orthologue

1 Locations


Feature . Primary Identifier
Start End Strand
WBGene00001516 9472470 9516454 1

15 Ontology Annotations

Annotation Extension Qualifier
  involved_in
  involved_in
  involved_in
  involved_in
  enables
  involved_in
  enables
  located_in
  located_in
  involved_in
  located_in
  involved_in
  involved_in
  involved_in
  involved_in

0 Regulates Expr Cluster

1 Sequence

Length
43985

1 Sequence Ontology Term

Identifier Name Description
gene  

2 Strains

WormBase ID
WBStrain00022685
WBStrain00035972

1 Upstream Intergenic Region

WormBase ID Name Sequence Name Length (nt) Chromosome Location Organism
intergenic_region_chrX_9469164..9472469   3306 X: 9469164-9472469 Caenorhabditis elegans