WormMine: AnatomyTerm WBbt:0005339

• Definition: Neuron class of twelve motoneurons, distributed along the ventral cord, which innervate ventral body muscles.
• Name: VA neuron
• Primary Identifier: WBbt:0005339

12 Children

Definition	Name	Synonym	Primary Identifier
Ventral cord motor neuron, innervates ventral body muscles, but also interneuron in preanal ganglion	VA12	lineage name: P12.aaaa	WBbt:0004645
Ventral cord motor neuron, innervates ventral body muscles	VA2	lineage name: P2.aaaa	WBbt:0004870
Ventral cord motor neuron, innervates ventral body muscles	VA11	lineage name: P11.aaaa	WBbt:0004647
Ventral cord motor neuron, innervates ventral body muscles	VA10	lineage name: P10.aaaa	WBbt:0004649
Ventral cord motor neuron, innervates ventral body muscles	VA8	lineage name: P8.aaaa	WBbt:0004653
Ventral cord motor neuron, innervates ventral body muscles	VA9	lineage name: P9.aaaa	WBbt:0004651
Ventral cord motor neuron, innervates ventral body muscles	VA6	lineage name: P6.aaaa	WBbt:0004862
Ventral cord motor neuron, innervates ventral body muscles	VA7	lineage name: P7.aaaa	WBbt:0004860
Ventral cord motor neuron, innervates ventral body muscles	VA4	lineage name: P4.aaaa	WBbt:0004866
Ventral cord motor neuron, innervates ventral body muscles	VA5	lineage name: P5.aaaa	WBbt:0004864
Ventral cord motor neuron, innervates ventral body muscles	VA3	lineage name: P3.aaaa	WBbt:0004868
Ventral cord motor neuron, innervates ventral body muscles	VA1	lineage name: W.pa	WBbt:0004872

27 Expression Clusters

Regulated By Treatment	Description	Algorithm	Primary Identifier
	Genes significantly enriched (> 2x, FDR < 5%) in a particular cell-type versus a reference sample of all cells at the same stage.	A Mann-Whitney U test with an empirical background model and FDR correction for multiple testing was used to detect expressed transcripts (Benjamini and Hochberg 1995). Genes and TARs with an FDR <= 0.05 were reported as expressed above background. Authors detected differentially expressed transcripts using a method based on linear models. Genes and TARs were called differentially expressed if the FDR was <= 0.05 and the fold change (FC) >= 2.0. To more strictly correct for potential false-positives resulting from multiple sample comparisons, authors divided individual FDR estimates by the number of samplesor sample comparisons, respectively. This resulted in an adjusted FDR of 1.3 * 0.0001 for expression above background and of 7.4 * 0.0001 for differential expression. Authors called genes selectively enriched in a given tissue if they met the following requirements: (1) enriched expression in a given tissue (FDR <= 0.05 and FC >= 2.0), (2) fold change versus reference among the upper 40% of the positive FC range observed for this gene across all tissues, and (3) fold-change entropy among the lower 40% of the distribution observed for all genes.	WBPaper00037950:A-class-motor-neurons_larva_enriched
	Genes that showed expression levels higher than the corresponding reference sample (L2 all cell reference).	A Mann-Whitney U test with an empirical background model and FDR correction for multiple testing was used to detect expressed transcripts (Benjamini and Hochberg 1995). Genes and TARs with an FDR <= 0.05 were reported as expressed above background. Authors detected differentially expressed transcripts using a method based on linear models. Genes and TARs were called differentially expressed if the FDR was <= 0.05 and the fold change (FC) >= 2.0. To more strictly correct for potential false-positives resulting from multiple sample comparisons, authors divided individual FDR estimates by the number of samplesor sample comparisons, respectively. This resulted in an adjusted FDR of 1.3 * 0.0001 for expression above background and of 7.4 * 0.0001 for differential expression. Authors called genes selectively enriched in a given tissue if they met the following requirements: (1) enriched expression in a given tissue (FDR <= 0.05 and FC >= 2.0), (2) fold change versus reference among the upper 40% of the positive FC range observed for this gene across all tissues, and (3) fold-change entropy among the lower 40% of the distribution observed for all genes.	WBPaper00037950:A-class-motor-neurons_L2-larva_expressed
	Single-cell RNA-Seq cell group 34 expressed in: Seam cells (grd+).	CellRanger, DecontX, Monocle3, Louvain algorithm.	WBPaper00065623:34
	Genes that showed expression levels higher than the corresponding reference sample (embryonic 24hr reference).	A Mann-Whitney U test with an empirical background model and FDR correction for multiple testing was used to detect expressed transcripts (Benjamini and Hochberg 1995). Genes and TARs with an FDR <= 0.05 were reported as expressed above background. Authors detected differentially expressed transcripts using a method based on linear models. Genes and TARs were called differentially expressed if the FDR was <= 0.05 and the fold change (FC) >= 2.0. To more strictly correct for potential false-positives resulting from multiple sample comparisons, authors divided individual FDR estimates by the number of samplesor sample comparisons, respectively. This resulted in an adjusted FDR of 1.3 * 0.0001 for expression above background and of 7.4 * 0.0001 for differential expression. Authors called genes selectively enriched in a given tissue if they met the following requirements: (1) enriched expression in a given tissue (FDR <= 0.05 and FC >= 2.0), (2) fold change versus reference among the upper 40% of the positive FC range observed for this gene across all tissues, and (3) fold-change entropy among the lower 40% of the distribution observed for all genes.	WBPaper00037950:A-class-motor-neurons_L1-larva_expressed
	Embryonic A-class motor neuron enriched genes.	A two-class unpaired analysis of the data was performed to identify genes that differ by >= 1.5-fold from the reference at a FDR of <1% for the larval pan-neural, embryonic pan-neural, and larval A-class motor neuron datasets.	WBPaper00030839:Embryo_A_Class
	Genes significantly enriched (> 2x, FDR < 5%) in a particular cell-type versus a reference sample of all cells at the same stage.	A Mann-Whitney U test with an empirical background model and FDR correction for multiple testing was used to detect expressed transcripts (Benjamini and Hochberg 1995). Genes and TARs with an FDR <= 0.05 were reported as expressed above background. Authors detected differentially expressed transcripts using a method based on linear models. Genes and TARs were called differentially expressed if the FDR was <= 0.05 and the fold change (FC) >= 2.0. To more strictly correct for potential false-positives resulting from multiple sample comparisons, authors divided individual FDR estimates by the number of samplesor sample comparisons, respectively. This resulted in an adjusted FDR of 1.3 * 0.0001 for expression above background and of 7.4 * 0.0001 for differential expression. Authors called genes selectively enriched in a given tissue if they met the following requirements: (1) enriched expression in a given tissue (FDR <= 0.05 and FC >= 2.0), (2) fold change versus reference among the upper 40% of the positive FC range observed for this gene across all tissues, and (3) fold-change entropy among the lower 40% of the distribution observed for all genes.	WBPaper00037950:A-class-motor-neurons_embryo_enriched
	Genes that show selective expression in a subset of cell types vs broadly expressed in many cell types. Correspond to 20% - 57% of enriched_genes for a given cell type.	A Mann-Whitney U test with an empirical background model and FDR correction for multiple testing was used to detect expressed transcripts (Benjamini and Hochberg 1995). Genes and TARs with an FDR <= 0.05 were reported as expressed above background. Authors detected differentially expressed transcripts using a method based on linear models. Genes and TARs were called differentially expressed if the FDR was <= 0.05 and the fold change (FC) >= 2.0. To more strictly correct for potential false-positives resulting from multiple sample comparisons, authors divided individual FDR estimates by the number of samplesor sample comparisons, respectively. This resulted in an adjusted FDR of 1.3 * 0.0001 for expression above background and of 7.4 * 0.0001 for differential expression. Authors called genes selectively enriched in a given tissue if they met the following requirements: (1) enriched expression in a given tissue (FDR <= 0.05 and FC >= 2.0), (2) fold change versus reference among the upper 40% of the positive FC range observed for this gene across all tissues, and (3) fold-change entropy among the lower 40% of the distribution observed for all genes.	WBPaper00037950:A-class-motor-neurons_embryo_SelectivelyEnriched
	Single-cell RNA-Seq cell group 37 expressed in: e1_e3 (pharyngeal epithelium).	CellRanger, DecontX, Monocle3, Louvain algorithm.	WBPaper00065623:37
	Larval A-class motor neuron enriched genes.	A two-class unpaired analysis of the data was performed to identify genes that differ by >= 1.5-fold from the reference at a FDR of <1% for the larval pan-neural, embryonic pan-neural, and larval A-class motor neuron datasets.	WBPaper00030839:Larval_A_Class
	Genes that show selective expression in a subset of cell types vs broadly expressed in many cell types. Correspond to 20% - 57% of enriched_genes for a given cell type.	A Mann-Whitney U test with an empirical background model and FDR correction for multiple testing was used to detect expressed transcripts (Benjamini and Hochberg 1995). Genes and TARs with an FDR <= 0.05 were reported as expressed above background. Authors detected differentially expressed transcripts using a method based on linear models. Genes and TARs were called differentially expressed if the FDR was <= 0.05 and the fold change (FC) >= 2.0. To more strictly correct for potential false-positives resulting from multiple sample comparisons, authors divided individual FDR estimates by the number of samplesor sample comparisons, respectively. This resulted in an adjusted FDR of 1.3 * 0.0001 for expression above background and of 7.4 * 0.0001 for differential expression. Authors called genes selectively enriched in a given tissue if they met the following requirements: (1) enriched expression in a given tissue (FDR <= 0.05 and FC >= 2.0), (2) fold change versus reference among the upper 40% of the positive FC range observed for this gene across all tissues, and (3) fold-change entropy among the lower 40% of the distribution observed for all genes.	WBPaper00037950:A-class-motor-neurons_larva_SelectivelyEnriched
	Single-cell RNA-Seq cell group 6_3 expressed in neuron.	scVI 0.6.0	WBPaper00065841:6_3
	Single-cell RNA-Seq cell group 36 expressed in: Spermatheca bag proximal.	CellRanger, DecontX, Monocle3, Louvain algorithm.	WBPaper00065623:36
	Transcripts that showed significantly increased expression in unc-4(e120) VA neurons comparing to in wild type VA neurons.	Differentially expressed transcripts were obtainedusing the RNA-Seq Differential Expression analysis pipeline in CLC, which utilizes a negative binomal GLM model. Genes were scored as differentially expressed > 2-fold difference and FDR p value < .05 compared to control.	WBPaper00062095:unc-4(e120)_upregulated_VA-neuron
	Genes significantly enriched (> 2x, FDR < 5%) in a particular cell-type versus a reference sample of all cells at both embryonic and larval stages.	A Mann-Whitney U test with an empirical background model and FDR correction for multiple testing was used to detect expressed transcripts (Benjamini and Hochberg 1995). Genes and TARs with an FDR <= 0.05 were reported as expressed above background. Authors detected differentially expressed transcripts using a method based on linear models. Genes and TARs were called differentially expressed if the FDR was <= 0.05 and the fold change (FC) >= 2.0. To more strictly correct for potential false-positives resulting from multiple sample comparisons, authors divided individual FDR estimates by the number of samplesor sample comparisons, respectively. This resulted in an adjusted FDR of 1.3 * 0.0001 for expression above background and of 7.4 * 0.0001 for differential expression. Authors called genes selectively enriched in a given tissue if they met the following requirements: (1) enriched expression in a given tissue (FDR <= 0.05 and FC >= 2.0), (2) fold change versus reference among the upper 40% of the positive FC range observed for this gene across all tissues, and (3) fold-change entropy among the lower 40% of the distribution observed for all genes.	WBPaper00037950:A-class-motor-neurons_CoreEnriched
	Single-cell RNA-Seq cell group 6_0 expressed in neuron.	scVI 0.6.0	WBPaper00065841:6_0
	Single-cell RNA-Seq cell group 35 expressed in: Mature sperm.	CellRanger, DecontX, Monocle3, Louvain algorithm.	WBPaper00065623:35
	Single-cell RNA-Seq cell group 40 expressed in: Arcade cells and rectal gland subpopulation.	CellRanger, DecontX, Monocle3, Louvain algorithm.	WBPaper00065623:40
	Single-cell RNA-Seq cell group 44 expressed in: Glia_1.	CellRanger, DecontX, Monocle3, Louvain algorithm.	WBPaper00065623:44
	Single-cell RNA-Seq cell group 14_2 expressed in neuron.	scVI 0.6.0	WBPaper00065841:14_2
	Single-cell RNA-Seq cell group 14_0 expressed in neuron.	scVI 0.6.0	WBPaper00065841:14_0
	Single-cell RNA-Seq cell group 14_1 expressed in neuron.	scVI 0.6.0	WBPaper00065841:14_1
	Single-cell RNA-Seq cell group 42 expressed in: Unassigned hypodermis/gonadal sheath cells.	CellRanger, DecontX, Monocle3, Louvain algorithm.	WBPaper00065623:42
	Single-cell RNA-Seq cell group 39 expressed in: Cephalic sheath.	CellRanger, DecontX, Monocle3, Louvain algorithm.	WBPaper00065623:39
	Single-cell RNA-Seq cell group 33 expressed in: AS; DA_VA; DB_VB; and SAB.	CellRanger, DecontX, Monocle3, Louvain algorithm.	WBPaper00065623:33
	Single-cell RNA-Seq cell group 43 expressed in: VD_DD.	CellRanger, DecontX, Monocle3, Louvain algorithm.	WBPaper00065623:43
	Single-cell RNA-Seq cell group 38 expressed in: Spermatocytes.	CellRanger, DecontX, Monocle3, Louvain algorithm.	WBPaper00065623:38
	Single-cell RNA-Seq cell group 41 expressed in: Amphid and phasmid sheath.	CellRanger, DecontX, Monocle3, Louvain algorithm.	WBPaper00065623:41

70 Expression Patterns

• Primary Identifier: Expr4864
• Pattern: A-class motor neuron: enriched in embryo (2.0) and larva (2.1). Neuronal expression include: DA, DB, VA, VB, DD, VD, head neurons. Also expressed in other cells: Pharyngeal muscle. Pan-neuronal: enriched in embryo (1.7) and larva (3.5).

• Primary Identifier: Expr4865
• Pattern: A-class motor neuron: enriched in embryo (1.8) and larva (1.8). Neuronal expression include: DA, DB, DD, VA, VB, VD, AS, head neurons. Also expressed in other cells: Head muscle. Pan-neuronal: enriched in embryo (1.8) and larva (1.5).

• Primary Identifier: Expr4866
• Pattern: A-class motor neuron: enriched in embryo (2.1) and larva (1.9). Neuronal expression include: DA, DB, VA, VB. Pan-neuronal: enriched in embryo (1.9) and larva (2.2).

• Primary Identifier: Expr4867
• Pattern: A-class motor neuron: enriched in embryo (5.3) and larva (3.7). Neuronal expression include: DA, DB, VA, VB, AS, head neurons. Also expressed in other cells: Body muscle, intestine. Pan-neuronal: enriched in embryo (3.9) and larva (8.3).

• Primary Identifier: Expr4868
• Pattern: A-class motor neuron: enriched in embryo (5.1) and larva (1.7). Neuronal expression include: DA, DB, VA, VB, VD. Also expressed in other cells: Intestine, hypodermis. Pan-neuronal: enriched in embryo (1.9) and larva (2.7).

• Primary Identifier: Expr4869
• Pattern: A-class motor neuron: enriched in embryo (3.6) and larva (3.1). Neuronal expression include: DA, DB, VA, VB, VC, touch neurons, head and tail neurons. Pan-neuronal: enriched in embryo (2.3) and larva (4.0).

• Primary Identifier: Expr4860
• Pattern: A-class motor neuron: enriched in embryo (4.0) and larva (2.2). Neuronal expression include: DA, DB, VA, VB, head and tail neurons. Pan-neuronal: expressed in embryo; enriched in larva (2.3).

• Primary Identifier: Expr4861
• Pattern: A-class motor neuron: enriched in embryo (6.3) and larva (2.5). Neuronal expression include: VA, head neurons. Also expressed in other cells: Intestine. Pan-neuronal: expressed in embryo; enriched in larva (3.1).

• Primary Identifier: Expr4854
• Pattern: A-class motor neuron: expressed in embryo; enriched in larva (1.6). Neuronal expression include: Posterior ventral cord motor neurons (VA, VB, DB, AS), head and tail neurons, touch neurons. Pan-neuronal: expressed in embryo; enriched in larva (3.0).

• Primary Identifier: Expr4856
• Pattern: A-class motor neuron: expressed in embryo; enriched in larva (1.9). Neuronal expression include: L2 -- DA, VA, VB, VD, bright in touch neurons, head and tail neurons L3 -- all ventral cord motor neurons. Pan-neuronal: expressed in embryo; enriched in larva (5.9).

• Primary Identifier: Expr4845
• Pattern: A-class motor neuron: expressed in larva; enriched in embryo (2,5). Neuronal expression include: DA, DB, DD, VA, VB, VD, AS head and tail neurons. Also expressed in other cells: Body muscle, head muscle, pharyngeal muscle. Pan-neuronal: enriched in embryo (2.1) and larva (1.8).

• Primary Identifier: Expr4846
• Pattern: A-class motor neuron: not expressed in embryo or larva. Neuronal expression include: All VNC motor neuron classes, except DD, head and tail neurons. Pan-neuronal: enriched in larva (4.9); not expressed in embryo.

• Primary Identifier: Expr4848
• Pattern: A-class motor neuron: expressed in larva; enriched in embryo (1.8). Neuronal expression include: VA, VB, DA, DB, AS, touch neurons. Also expressed in other cells: Body muscle, pharyngeal neurons. Pan-neuronal: enriched in larva (1.8); not expressed in embryo.

• Primary Identifier: Expr4902
• Remark: Picture: Fig. 3A, B, C, D.
• Pattern: In the transgenic animals carrying crm-1a::gfp reporter, consistent signals were detected in neurons in the ventral nerve cord. By the positions and clustering of the cell body as well as the axonal outgrowth along the ventral nerve cord, crm-1a is found to be expressed in the DA neurons 2 to 7, the DB neurons 3 to 7 and additional neurons in the VA, VB and AS classes along the nerve cord (VNC). Expression was also observed in neurons around the pharynx. In the male tail, gfp signals in the RnA neuronal cells of sensory rays 2 and 4 and the PVR neuron with the entire axonal process along the VNC were also observed.
• Subcellular Localization: Entire axonal process of PVR along the VNC.

• Primary Identifier: Expr13427
• Pattern: To confirm that lgc-46 is expressed in A-MNs, we created a transgenic strain coexpressing GFP and mStrawberry under the control of Plgc-46 and the A-MN-specific promoter Punc-4, respectively. In the transgenic worms, GFP expression was observed in ventral cord MNs, many head neurons, and some neurons in the tail. All mStrawberry-positive neurons were colabelled by GFP, suggesting that lgc-46 is expressed in A-MNs. In addition, GFP was observed in some ventral cord motor neurons not labelled by mStrawberry, which could be GABAergic MNs that reportedly express lgc-46.

• Primary Identifier: Marker90
• Remark: Picture: Figure 5. Reporter gene fusion type not specified.
• Pattern: Marker for VA motorneuron.

• Primary Identifier: Expr13164
• Pattern: For lgc-38, all expressing cells shown are observed with the 3.5 kb reporter fusion, except for OLL, which only expresses the 3.9 kb fusion; URA expresses both.

• Primary Identifier: Expr8850
• Remark: Picture: Fig 3.
• Pattern: Neuronal Expression: AVA, AVB, AVE, PVC, AIB, AUA, AVG, RIB, RIC, SAA, SIA, SIB, RIF, RIM, RMD, RME, SMD, DA, DB, VA, VB, M5, NSM, MC, I3, MI?. Non-neuronal Expression: rectal epithelium, body wall muscle, spermethecae, vulva muscle.

• Primary Identifier: Expr12085
• Pattern: plr-1::GFP expression became visible in late gastrulation stage embryos. Strongest expression was detected in many cells in the tail region and by comma stage the most prominent expression was seen in body wall muscle cells. In early larval stages expression was detectable in a number of different tissues including the major hypodermal cells, muscle and marginal cells of the pharynx, the intestine (strongest in the anteriormost and posteriormost cells) as well as the anal depressor and stomatointestinal muscle. In the nervous system GFP expression was visible in a few neurons in head ganglia, many ventral cord motor neurons and several neurons in the tail ganglia including the PDA neuron. Based on the lack of commissures the motor neurons are likely of the VA, VB, VC and/or AS class. Based on the number of cells the majority (or even all) of these classes express GFP. In general expression was strongest in the tail region throughout development. This also held true for the motor neurons in the ventral cord, where GFP was strongest in the posterior-most cells and barely detectable in anterior motor neurons. Expression is maintained throughout larval development. In later larval stages expression is also seen occasionally in the distal tip cell of the developing gonad, the vulva and uterine muscle cells and the VC4 and VC5 neurons flanking the vulva. Expression in AVG, HSN or CAN neurons was not detectable with this reporter construct, but was detected in a previous study in HSN and CAN using a longer genomic construct (Moffat et al., 2014, Expr11480).

• Primary Identifier: Expr10808
• Pattern: ACR-2::GFP showed mostly diffused localization on neuronal soma, as well as processes in the ventral cord, sublateral cords, and nerve ring. In the ventral cord, expression of ACR-2::GFP was specifically observed in the VA, VB, DA, and DB motor neurons as reported previously (Jospin et al., 2009). Several additional cells (e.g., SDQ, vulva muscles) also expressed ACR-2::GFP, presumably because of the use of a longer promoter and inclusion of intronic sequences. However, staining of ACR-2::GFP was not seen in the dorsal nerve cord. Because the axonal processes of DA and DB motor neurons are major constituents of the dorsal nerve cord, lack of ACR-2::GFP signals in the dorsal nerve cord indicates that ACR-2 is unlikely to localize to presynaptic sites of these motor neurons.

• Primary Identifier: Expr3136
• Pattern: C33G8.5 showed medium to strong expression in scattered nonchemosensory neurons.5

• Primary Identifier: Expr9444
• Pattern: nlg-1 is expressed in a subset of neurons in C. elegans adults, including ~20 cells in the ventral nerve cord and ~20 cells in the head. The nlg-1-expressing cells in the ventral nerve cord were identified as the cholinergic VA and DA motor neurons. Authors also identified the two AIY and two URB interneurons and the four URA motor neurons in the head, and the two PVD mechanosensory and two HSN motor neurons in the body, as nlg-1-expressing cells. Finally, faint Pnlg-1::YFP expression was also observed in body wall muscles.
• Subcellular Localization: Bright punctate staining was observed in dendritic (postsynaptic) regions. Clear punctate staining was also observed in presynaptic regions of each neuronal type. For example, in the DA9 motor neuron, bright NLG-1::YFP puncta were present in the ventral postsynaptic domain, and dimmer puncta were present in the dorsal presynaptic region. Puncta were excluded from the synapse-poor region between the cell body and dorsal presynaptic region and from the anterior asynaptic region of the dorsal process. To further study the punctate staining in the presynaptic region, NLG-1::YFP localization was examined in animals expressing the tagged synaptic vesicle protein mCherry::RAB-3 in DA9. In the dorsal axon, NLG-1::YFP puncta partially colocalized with puncta containing mCherry::RAB-3, suggesting that NLG-1::YFP localization is perisynaptic. Sub-cellular localization within the body wall muscle: Muscle cell membrane +/- Muscle arms

• Primary Identifier: Expr13958
• Pattern: egl-44 expression was much more restricted then zag-1, being found only in the FLP, ADL, and SAB neurons, as well as a few VA and VB motor neurons. Moreover, egl-44 was widely expressed in hypodermis, pharynx, and intestine, whereas zag-1 expression was absent in these tissues.

• Primary Identifier: Expr7972
• Remark: Picture: Figure 8. Reporter gene fusion type not specified.
• Pattern: Expressed in DA, VA, AS, chemosensory neuron in head. Also expressed in excretory cell, anal depressor, intestine.

• Primary Identifier: Expr7974
• Remark: Picture: Figure 8. Reporter gene fusion type not specified.
• Pattern: Expressed in head and tail neurons, VA, VBs. Also expressed in head muscle, intestine.

• Primary Identifier: Expr7965
• Remark: Picture: Figure 8. Reporter gene fusion type not specified.
• Pattern: Expressed in AS, VD, VB, VA, head and tail neurons. Also expressed in intestine, head muscle, gonadal sheath cell.

• Primary Identifier: Expr8671
• Remark: Picture: Fig 3.
• Pattern: Expression in the alimentary canal: Strong and consistent expression in pharyngeal epithelium, pm5, pm6, pm7, pm8, g2, rectal gland cells. Weak or rare expression in anterior arcades, posterior arcades, pm2, pm3, pm4, M3, MC, intestine, rectal epithelial cells. Expression in the nervous system: CEPsh, ALN, ASn, CAN, DAn, DBn, DDn, DVA, DVB, HSN, PDE, PLM, PVQ, PVR, PVT, URB, VAn, VBn, VDn, M3, MC. Expression in the reproductive system: In adult stage, expressed in spermatheca, vulval muscle, HSN. In developing larva stage, expressed in vulval muscle, uterine muscle, HSN. inx-3 was expressed broadly during early embryogenesis. After the beginning of morphogenesis, inx-3 expression becomes more restricted to the pharynx, hypodermis, and intestine. By three-fold stage inx-3 expression appears in ventral cord motor neurons (strongest in DA neurons) along with continued strong pharyngeal expression. By hatching, its hypodermal expression disappears, while postembryonically born ventral cord motor neurons express it at low levels. Its pharyngeal (strong) and neuronal (faint) expressions continue to adulthood.

• Primary Identifier: Expr320
• Remark: Neuronal gene expression pattern from collation by Shawn Lockery of neuron-specific promotors posted 20/04/98 (http://chinook.uoregon.edu). Since cell AS is listed under 'body' in the pattern, it presumably means the AS.1-11 ventral cord neurons rather than the AS amphid neurons.[sdm-curator]
• Pattern: head: IL2 URA URB SAA SAB SIA SIB SMB SMD RMD AIY, sev more; phar: M1 M2 M5 I1f I6f, others; body: VA VB VC DA DB AS SDQ HSNf; tail: ALN PLN others [J. Duerr (personal communication to Shawn Lockery)], antibody

• Primary Identifier: Expr8694
• Remark: Picture: Fig 3.
• Pattern: Expression in the alimentary canal: Strong and consistent expression in M5, I1, I3, I6, NSM. Weak or rare expression in posterior arcades. Expression in the nervous system: Phsh, ADA, ADE, ADL, AIN, AIY, ALM, AUA, AVA, AVD, AVH, AVJ, AVK, AVM, AWB, BDU, CAN, CEP, DAn, DBn, DDn, DVB, DVC, FLP, HSN, IL1, IL2, LUA, OLL, PDA, PDB, PDE, PHA, PHB, PHC, PLM, PLN, PVC, PVD, PVM, PVN, PVP, PVQ, PVR, PVT, PVW, RIB, RIC, RIF, RIP, RIS, RME, SDQ, SIA (early larva), SIB (early larva), SMB (early larva), SMD (early larva), URA, URB, VAn, VBn, VCn, VDn, M5, I1, I6, NSM. Expression in the reproductive system: In adult stage, expressed in vulval muscle, uterine muscle, HSN, VCn. In developing larva stage, expressed in HSN, VCn, and anchor cell.

• Primary Identifier: Expr13161

0 Life Stages

2 Parents

Definition	Name	Synonym	Primary Identifier
neuron making synapse on an effector (muscle, gland).	motor neuron	motoneuron	WBbt:0005409
neuron that uses vesicular acetylcholine as a neurotransmitter.	cholinergic neuron	ACh neuron	WBbt:0006840