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Picture: Fig. 7. |
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Expr4376
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ceGAT-1 is expressed in all of the GABA-ergic neurons. These GFP-positive neurons include the VD and DD neurons in the ventral cord, the RMED, RMEV, RMEL, RMER, AVL, and RIS neurons in the head area and the DVB neuron in the tail region. There are two additional GFP-positive neurons in the tail region. These two neurons are PVQR and PVQL. The identity of these GFP-positive neurons were confirmed by epifluorescence microscopy and by the location of the neurons as revealed by a combination of Nomarski-differential interference contrast microscopic observation and 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole nuclei-staining method. This expression pattern is evident from the early larva stage through the adult stage. An identical expression pattern was observed with at least 10 transgenic animals. |
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Expr15558
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Expr15560
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Expr15571
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Expr15572
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Expr15573
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Expr15579
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Expr2937
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Both ahr-1:GFP reporters are expressed during embryonic and larval development. Expression is first detected in two cells 260 min after the first cleavage. By midembryogenesis (pre-comma stage), 14 cells express the pJ360 ahr-1:GFP fusion gene. At the 2-fold stage of embryogenesis, two cells express ahr-1:GFP in the tail, and the remaining fluorescing cells are in the forming head. During the first larval stage. ahr-1:GFP is expressed in 28 neurons, several blast cells, and two phasmid socket cells. The neurons that express ahr-1:GFP include ALNR/ALNL, AQR/PQR, AVM/PVM, BDUR/BDUL, PLMR/PLML, PLNR/PLNL, PHCL/PHCR, PVWL/PVWR, RMEL/RMER, SDQR/SDQL, and URXR/URXL. The T.pa, T.ppa, and T.ppp blast cells in the tail express ahr-1:GFP, as do all of their descendents, including the PHso1 and PHso2 phasmid socket cells. ahr-1:GFP is also expressed in the MI and I3 neurons in the pharynx and the G2 and W blast cells. Four additional cells in the head express ahr-1:GFP, tentatively identified as the ASK and RIP neurons. |
The pJ360 construct includes the entire ahr-1 genomic sequence, and transgenic animals express this fusion protein in a subset of neuronal nuclei. The pHT102 transgene lacks most of the ahr-1 coding sequence and labels axons as well as nuclei. |
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Expr15586
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Expr15651
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Expr15589
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Expr13158
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Expr15591
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Expr15598
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Picture: Fig 3. |
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Expr8850
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Neuronal Expression: AVA, AVB, AVE, PVC, AIB, AUA, AVG, RIB, RIC, SAA, SIA, SIB, RIF, RIM, RMD, RME, SMD, DA, DB, VA, VB, M5, NSM, MC, I3, MI?. Non-neuronal Expression: rectal epithelium, body wall muscle, spermethecae, vulva muscle. |
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Expr15604
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Expr14590
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Embryonic expression of exc-7 was first observed at the bean stage. By reverse lineaging with use of SIMI-Biocell software, we confirm the identity of one of the expressing cells at this stage as the excretory canal cell. In L1 animals, broad expression in the head, ventral nerve cord (VNC), and tail was observed. In young adults, expression is notably observed in vulva cells. In the nervous system specifically, expression is observed in many neurons throughout the body, but unlike Drosophila Elav, exc-7::gfp it is not panneuronally expressed. We confirmed previously reported expression in cholinergic VNC MNs, but absence of GABAergic VNC MNs, consistent with previous reports (Fujita et al., 1999; Loria et al., 2003) and consistent with exc-7 functioning in cholinergic, but not GABAergic neurons to control alternative splicing (Norris et al., 2014). exc-7::gfp is also expressed in some non-neuronal cell types, including muscle and hypodermis, but not in the gut. A previous report showed that exc-7 is only transiently and weakly expressed in the excretory cell, which, based on exc-7's excretory mutant phenotype, has puzzled researchers (Fujita et al., 2003). We find that the gfp tagged exc-7 locus is strongly and continuously expressed in the excretory canal cell. |
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Expr15608
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Expr15611
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Expr8203
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Expressed in DA, VB, AS, DB, DD, HSN, VC4 & 5, AIY, head neurons, muscles, intestine. acr-14::GFP is expressed in RME in the head and in ventral nerve cord (VNC) motor neurons. |
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Expr249
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AVG AVJ DVC PVC PVQ RIG RIS RMD RMEL/R SMD URY [Nature 378:82] |
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Reporter gene fusion type not specified. |
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Expr2855
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This transgene was expressed in many neurons. Pahr-1 GFP was expressed in RMEL and RMER, but not in RMED and RMEV, cells. |
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Expr3136
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C33G8.5 showed medium to strong expression in scattered nonchemosensory neurons.5 |
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Expr16053
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A functional transcriptional reporter for CKR-1 revealed strong expression in many neurons and weak expression in the intestine. In the nervous system, ckr-1 expresses in the head and ventral cord neurons. CKR-1-expressing neurons include head motor neurons SMD and RME , interneurons AIB and RIM, peptidergic neurons RIS, and body motor neurons A, B, and D. |
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In snf-11(ok156) mutants, anti-SNF-11 staining was completely absent, confirming the specificity of the staining. Picture: Fig 4. |
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Expr7836
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In healthy young adults, the anti-SNF-11 antibody strongly stained the four RME neurons (RMED, RMEV, RMEL, and RMER). Faint staining of three additional GABAergic neurons (AVL, DVB, and RIS) was sometimes observed. Several non-GABAergic neurons, including RID, also seemed to stain. The ventral nerve cord DD and VD inhibitory motor neurons did not stain. Faint staining of the body wall, anal, and uterine muscles with the anti-SNF-11 antibody was observed in some animals. |
Staining of both the processes and the soma of each neuron were observed. In RMED and RMEV, a punctate staining pattern was observed in the posteriorly directed processes, possibly corresponding to synapses. |
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Picture: Figure 5 and Table 1. |
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Expr7837
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These Psnf-11::GFP fusions are expressed in the same neurons (RMEs, AVL, DVB, RIS, and RID) that stained with the anti-SNF-11 polyclonal antibodies. Expression was also noted in two additional neurons near the pharynx as well as two neurons in the retrovesicular ganglion. There were no apparent differences in expression between the two reporters, suggesting that the 1.9-kb region is sufficient to drive expression in all snf-11 positive cells. In contrast to observations reported previously (Jiang et al., 2005 blue right-pointing triangle), authors did not observe snf-11 expression in the ventral cord inhibitory (DD and VD) motor neurons. However, they did observe robust expression in the body wall, anal, and uterine muscles that was not noted previously. In young animals, expression of the Psnf-11::GFP reporter in muscle cells is the most prominent aspect of the expression pattern. |
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Expr15182
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In wild type L1 larvae, ceh-5p::GFP showed robust expression in head muscles, a subset of head neurons (including the RME neurons), and five or six cells in the tail including the PVQL/R neurons. Weak ceh-5p::GFP expression was also seen in the coelomocytes and the pharyngeal terminal bulb. |
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[ser-2::gfp] transcriptional fusion constructs. Ser-2 reporter constructs were generated by using a PCR fusion protocol, using pPD95.75 as a template for green fluorescent protein (gfp). For all gfp fusion primers listed, gfp vector sequence is indicated in lowercase, and gene-specific sequence is indicated in uppercase. [ser-2::gfp] translational fusion. A translational fusion of the whole ser-2 locus to gfp was created by using an in vivo recombination technique. Specifically, two overlapping PCR fragments, one containing the 5' part of a locus, the other containing the remainder of the locus PCR-fused to gfp, were coinjected into the worm. Recombination of these two fragments via the homologous region leads to the expression of a full-length ser-2::gfp fusion. |
Expr2707
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Expression using the upstream regulatory regions of exon 1bc (ser-2prom2::gfp) is mostly restricted to the AIYL/R, AIZL/R, RID, DVA, BDUL/R, SIADL/R, and SIAVL/R interneurons. Less consistent expression is observed in PVT. In addition, expression is observed in the RMEL/R motor neurons. Outside the nervous system, expression can be observed in the excretory gland cells. No more transcriptional regulatory information is contained within intronic regions by generating a fusion of gfp to the full coding genomic ser-2 locus using an in vivo recombination technique([ser-2::gfp] translational fusion. Transgenic animals expressing such a construct show an expression pattern similar to the one observed with the ser-2prom1::gfp construct. The upstream regulatory region of the third splice form, containing exon 1d(ser-2prom3::gfp), drives expression exclusively in two sensory neuron classes, OLL(L/R) and PVD(L/R). ser-2prom1::gfp is expressed in the AIY interneuron class and a set of unidentified neurons. These neurons were identified as head and tail interneuron classes, namely AVHL/R, AUAL/R, AIYL/R, RICL/R, SABVL/R, RID, RIAL/R, SABD, SDQ, CANL/R, DA9, LUAL/R, ALNL/R, and PVCL/R. In addition to its expression in neurons, ser-2prom1::gfp is also expressed in pharyngeal cells (NSM neurons and pm1/6 muscles) and in head muscles. In males, expression can be observed in posterior dorsal and ventral body wall muscles, the male-specific diagonal muscles, and several posterior neurons likely to be CP neurons. |
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Since these gfp fusions lack the introns and the 3' untranslated region, they might be lacking potential regulatory sequences. In that case, the gfp expression patterns may not precisely represent those of the endogenous kin-8 gene. cam-1 is called kin-8 in this article. |
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Expr2267
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Expressed in chemosensory neurons in amphid: ASH. Other sensory neurons: ADE, FLP. Touch receptor neurons: AVM, ALM, PVM, PLM. Amphid interneurons: AIY, AIZ. Other interneurons: RIC, RMG, RIS, DVA, AVA, AVE, PVC, AVK, PVQ. Interneurons?: ALN, BDU, SDQ. Ring motor/inter neurons: RMD, RMDV. Ring motor neurons: RMED, RMEV Five neurons out of the following six, RIV, AVH, AVB, AVJ, AVD, AIN. About seven neurons in retrovesicular ganglion. Pharyngeal muscles in procorpus and isthmus. M4 and several pharyngeal neurons. A part of intestine and a few body wall muscles near the head (weak). Distal tip cells (sometimes and weak). A few ventral motor neurons and seam cells (rarely and weak). The expression patterns did not appear to change through the larva to adult stages. Embryonic expression was also observed. |
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Picture: Fig 3. |
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Expr8694
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Expression in the alimentary canal: Strong and consistent expression in M5, I1, I3, I6, NSM. Weak or rare expression in posterior arcades. Expression in the nervous system: Phsh, ADA, ADE, ADL, AIN, AIY, ALM, AUA, AVA, AVD, AVH, AVJ, AVK, AVM, AWB, BDU, CAN, CEP, DAn, DBn, DDn, DVB, DVC, FLP, HSN, IL1, IL2, LUA, OLL, PDA, PDB, PDE, PHA, PHB, PHC, PLM, PLN, PVC, PVD, PVM, PVN, PVP, PVQ, PVR, PVT, PVW, RIB, RIC, RIF, RIP, RIS, RME, SDQ, SIA (early larva), SIB (early larva), SMB (early larva), SMD (early larva), URA, URB, VAn, VBn, VCn, VDn, M5, I1, I6, NSM. Expression in the reproductive system: In adult stage, expressed in vulval muscle, uterine muscle, HSN, VCn. In developing larva stage, expressed in HSN, VCn, and anchor cell. |
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