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Picture: Figure 1. |
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Expr8361
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GFP expression initiated in the early gastrula. Robust expression of Prncs-1::GFP was observed in the midgut (E cell lineage) starting at the 28-cell stage and continuing into adulthood. By the comma stage, fluorescence was also visible in the embryo periphery in cells that give rise to hypodermis. In L1 larva and subsequent stages, strong expression of GFP was seen in hypodermal cells, including Hyp 7 syncytium and head and tail hypodermis. The expression pattern was identical in hermaphrodites and males, but adult hermaphrodites displayed fluorescence in vulval epithelium. Expression was absent in seam cells, nervous system, and pharynx. The Prncs-1::GFP reporter showed increased expression during starvation. Although fluorescence intensity was enhanced under starved conditions, the spatial expression pattern was unchanged. Expression of the Prncs-1::GFP transgene was also enhanced in males. An ~2.5-fold increase in rncs-1 expression in total RNA prepared from wild-type, well fed males, compared with hermaphrodites. |
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Picture: Figure 5. |
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Expr4837
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Fluorescence started to be visible in two cells of young embryos at around the 64 AB cell stage. Towards the end of gastrulation expression was visible in about 40 cells throughout the embryo including neuronal precursors, ventral hypodermal cells, and pharyngeal precursor cells. At the 1 to 2 fold stages fluorescence was observed in IL1 neurons (the identity was determined post-embryonically), the nine buccal epidermal cells, and additional cells in the head, most likely arcade cells. Transient expression was also observed in embryonic motoneurons (no longer visible in 3 fold stage embryos) and in a few apoptotic cells in the head. Based on their position they could be the sister cells of some of the IL1 neurons, which are known to undergo programmed cell death at this developmental stage. At the 3 fold stage expression was restricted to the buccal epidermal cells, most of the arcade cells (3 anterior and the DL and DR posterior arcade cells), and the six IL1 neurons. The two lateral IL1 neurons expressed the marker only weakly also in the L1 larval stage (but not later during development), whereas the dorsal and ventral IL1 neurons expressed GFP strongly throughout all larval stages and in the adults. Starting from the L1 larval stage expression could also be observed in the posterior cells of the gut. Starting from the L2 stage, when gonad development and migration begins, fluorescence became also visible in the distal tip cells of the gonad. |
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Expr4283
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TBX-2::GFP expression was present in the both MS- and ABa-derived pharynx cells. TBX-2::GFP expression initiated at the 8E stage (staging by the number of endodermal, or E, cells), in 11 - 12 anteriorly localized pharyngeal cells. Based on position, these cells are likely to be the ABa descendants that will give rise to pharyngeal muscle cells (i.e., ABalpaaa a/p, ABalpapp a/p, ABaraaaaa, ABaraapa a/p, ABarapaa a/p, ARarapapp and ABaraapp a/p). By the 1.5-fold stage, TBX-2::GFP was expressed in pm3, pm5 and variably pm4, with expression persisting throughout the larval and adult stages. Surprisingly, expression extended beyond the ABa lineage after the 1.5-fold stage. For example, only 2/6 pm5 nuclei derive from ABa but authors often observed all pm5 cells expressing TBX-2::GFP in larvae. By the 3-fold stage authors also observed expression in pharyngeal neurons, occasionally in the posterior muscle pm8 and in cells outside of the pharynx such as body wall muscles. Thus, TBX-2::GFP expression initiated within the ABa lineage but ultimately appeared in both ABa and MS-derived muscle cells. |
While TBX-2::GFP was initially localized to nuclei, it was detected in the cytoplasm as well as the nucleus in pm4 and pm5 cells by the 1.5-fold stage. Cytoplasmic expression was not homogeneous. Rather, TBX-2::GFP appeared filamentous, as though it was associated with the cytoskeleton. Cytoplasmic expression was observed even in lines expressing very low levels of TBX-2::GFP, suggesting that cytoplasmic TBX-2::GFP did not reflect over-expression from transgenes. The same pattern was observed in tbx-2(ok529); tbx-2::GFP embryos. This localization pattern suggests that the timing of tbx-2 transcriptional function likely initiates before the 1.5-fold stage, when TBX-2 appears completely nuclear. |
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Curated by authors based on online in-situ hybridization database (Y. Kohara, personal communication; http: |
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Expr4284
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tbx-2 transcripts was detected starting at the 4E stage (~102 cell stage, 143 min after the 4-cell stage), and with mid-gastrula expression observed by in situ hybridization (Shin-i and Kohara, http://nematode.lab.nig.ac.jp/). |
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Embryos at the ~200 cell stage contain 24 clonally committed pharyngeal precursors located in the anterior of the embryo (13 ABa-derived and 11 MS-derived), and the location of the 12 tbx-2::gfp expressing cells at this stage suggests that they are included among these precursors. To determine if these early tbx-2::gfp expressing cells were indeed pharyngeal precursors and to characterize their lineal origin, athors examined expression of a tbx-2::gfp promoter fusion containing the same tbx-2 5'-flanking sequences characterized above fused to gfp just downstream of the tbx-2 translation initiation codon (pOK206.30). Previous studies demonstrated that such promoter fusions can produce a longer lived GFP signal than full-length protein fusions. This tbx-2::gfp promoter fusion produced cytoplasmic GFP first detected in premorphogenetic embryos in the same pattern as full-length fusion protein, but GFP perdured in the pharynx until near hatching. GFP expression was observed in 3-fold embryos and early larvae in a reproducible subset of pharyngeal muscles, with occasional expression in body wall muscles and head neurons. GFP was observed predominantly in pharyngeal muscle types derived solely from ABa or from mixed lineages, and the number of these GFP-positive cells was generally consistent with those containing ABa-derived cells. However, exceptions to this generalization were found. Most notably, GFP was reproducibly observed in one MS-derived m7 muscle and all three m4 muscles (of which 2 contain only MS-derived cells). Taken together, these results strongly suggest that tbx-2::gfp expression in premorphogenetic embryos is limited to pharyngeal precursors, and most of these are ABa-derived, although expression is also likely in a small number of MS-derived pharyngeal precursors. |
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Expr4285
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In transgenic embryos, this larger tbx-2::gfp reporter was expressed in a dynamic pattern, including in a subset of pharyngeal precursors in the premorphogenetic embryo, as well as body wall muscle and pharyngeal neurons. tbx-2::gfp expression initiated in 2 anterior cells in approximately 100 cell embryos and increased to 12 cells by approximately the 200 cell stage. The increasing number of GFP expressing cells was not due to cell divisions; rather tbx-2::gfp expression appeared to initiate asynchronously in individual cells. Expression in these cells was transient and was undetectable by the bean stage. Prior to the bean stage, tbx-2::gfp expression was also observed in body wall muscles, and later, in 2- to 3-fold embryos, expression was observed in a number of pharyngeal neurons. Expression in both of these tissues continued in larvae. |
This full-length fusion protein is nuclear localized. |
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Expr4228
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GFP was detected in the nuclei of most, if not all, somatic cells in transgenic tra-4(bc45) hermaphrodites. GFP was detected as early as the 28-cell stage of embryogenesis and persisted throughout development and adult life. Ptra-4gfp-tra-4 was also expressed in most, if not all, somatic cells, including the CEMs, in transgenic tra-4(bc45) males. tra-4 gene is expressed throughout the soma of both hermaphrodites and males. |
TRA-4 protein is predominantly nuclear. |
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Expr4493
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The embryos near the vulva assumed stronger fluorescence of the CED-10::GFP::CED-10 marker than their younger, more distant siblings. The signal was not detectable until the 50-cell stage of the gastrulating embryo, when the marker started to accumulate beneath the cell boundaries. The signal gradually strengthened until the 3-fold stage, and remained unchanged thereafter until adulthood. The marker was expressed ubiquitously in all cells except the germ line Z2 and Z3 cells. |
At the subcellular level, the signal was absent in the nucleus, easily identified as a circular void within the cell. The distribution of the marker in cytosol sometimes assumed a vesicular structure. The intracellular vesicles in the scanned images overlapped with most, if not all, the granules observed by differential interference contrast microscopy. The marker accumulated at the boundaries between neighboring cells, appearing much more sparsely at cell surfaces facing the egg shell where no neighboring cell was present, and little accumulation was seen at the boundary facing the germ line cells Z2 and Z3. Large round vesicular structures exhibiting the strongest signals correspond to the cells undergoing apoptosis, indicating the cell boundaries between cells undergoing programmed cell death and the cells engulfing the dying cells. |
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Expr9985
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GFP expression was first observed in the intestinal cells of gastrula-stage embryos and continued throughout all larval and adult stages. In transgenic male worms expressing the Pdaao-1::GFP construct, no significant difference in expression or localization patterns was apparent compared to hermaphrodites. |
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Picture: Fig. S1B. |
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Expr8740
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TBC-2::GFP was found to be ubiquitously expressed in the embryo, starting from the ~200-cell stage, and throughout the larval and adult stages. The strong TBC-2::GFP expression was observed in several known engulfing cell types, such as pharyngeal muscle cells, hypodermal cells and intestinal cells. In addition, a weak GFP signal was also seen in the gonadal sheath cells that engulf germ cell corpses. |
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Expr12822
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By in situ hybridization, glo-1 transcripts were detected in the E lineage in 86% (n=49) of wild-type embryos at gastrulation stage or later. |
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Expr2937
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Both ahr-1:GFP reporters are expressed during embryonic and larval development. Expression is first detected in two cells 260 min after the first cleavage. By midembryogenesis (pre-comma stage), 14 cells express the pJ360 ahr-1:GFP fusion gene. At the 2-fold stage of embryogenesis, two cells express ahr-1:GFP in the tail, and the remaining fluorescing cells are in the forming head. During the first larval stage. ahr-1:GFP is expressed in 28 neurons, several blast cells, and two phasmid socket cells. The neurons that express ahr-1:GFP include ALNR/ALNL, AQR/PQR, AVM/PVM, BDUR/BDUL, PLMR/PLML, PLNR/PLNL, PHCL/PHCR, PVWL/PVWR, RMEL/RMER, SDQR/SDQL, and URXR/URXL. The T.pa, T.ppa, and T.ppp blast cells in the tail express ahr-1:GFP, as do all of their descendents, including the PHso1 and PHso2 phasmid socket cells. ahr-1:GFP is also expressed in the MI and I3 neurons in the pharynx and the G2 and W blast cells. Four additional cells in the head express ahr-1:GFP, tentatively identified as the ASK and RIP neurons. |
The pJ360 construct includes the entire ahr-1 genomic sequence, and transgenic animals express this fusion protein in a subset of neuronal nuclei. The pHT102 transgene lacks most of the ahr-1 coding sequence and labels axons as well as nuclei. |
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Expr963
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Transgenic animals bearing pFX1G1 had high levels of GFP fluorescence or immunoreactivity in embryonic and postembryonic neurons. fax-1::gfp expression was first detected in embryos prior to elongation (approximately 350 minutes of development). By approximately 400 minutes, there is strong fax-1::gfp expression in as many as 20 neurons in the embryonic head and 1-2 neurons in the embryonic tail. fax-1::gfp is expressed in 20 neurons postembryonically, through the adult stage. The position of these neurons indicates that most or all of them are among the 22 neurons that express fax-1::gfp embryonically. These cells include both AVKR and AVKL. fax-1::gfp was not observed in either of the HSN or PVQ neurons, or in the PVPR neuron at any stage of development. fax-1::gfp expression was observed in several other neurons and two non-neuronal cell types in transgenic animals carrying pFX1G1. These include the pairs of CEPD and URX sensory neurons, three pharyngeal neurons (M1, MI and probably M5), two pairs of ring interneurons (including the RIC pair), five neurons in the retrovesicular ganglion (including SABD and the pair of SABV neurons), a single neuron in the preanal ganglion (either PVPL or PVT) and a single neuron in the dorsorectal ganglion of the tail (probably DVA). There is incompletely penetrant fax-1::gfp expression in a few additional neurons that were not identified, and in the non neuronal dorsal rectal cell and distal tip cells of the somatic gonad. |
GFP immunoreactivity was present in the cytoplasm, axons and nuclei of cells. Axons of neurons that express fax-1::gfp embryonically were observed in the process of outgrowth. |
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This Expr_pattern is about CeTMIV, an isoform of tmy-1 transcription. To confirm the CeTMIV isoform expression pattern, corresponding tmy-1::gfp vectors were assayed. Similar GFP expressions induced in pharynx and intestines respectively. These results show that the CeTMIV isoform was expressed in the pharyngeal muscles and intestinal cells and establish that the primary promoter region was located within 853 bp upstream of the initial ATG. pretzel stage (author) = fully-elongated embryo (wjc). |
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Expr1679
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The constructs pTMZIV4349 and pTMZIV1957 induced beta-galactosidase expressions in both the pharyngeal muscles and intestinal cells with similar intensities. Specifically, pharyngeal expressions were observed in all the eight muscle cells (m1-m8), one marginal cell (mc), one epithelial cell (e1) and the four cells of the pharyngo-intestinal valve (PIV). The 20 intestinal cells, some of which are binucleated and localized alongside the intestine, posterior of pharynx and anterior of anus were all stained with intense staining occurring at the most posterior end. Intestinal staining was limited only to intestinal cells, although there were slight variations in position of nuclei and staining intensity. Expression was also detected in embryos between gastrulation and the comma stage. At this stage of development, the exact nuclei are difficult to identify, but the positions and topology suggest pharynx and intestines. By the pretzel stage, identification of the different pharyngeal muscles showing expression becomes possible. A similar expression was also observed in the pharynx of males, although the intestinal staining was more restricted to the posterior region. No expression was induced by the further deletion construct pTMZIV1219. In all cases, the most uniform and intense expression patterns were observed between L1 and L2 worms, and were completed by L2. From L3 to adult, there was a reduction in expression intensity. Both pharyngeal and intestinal expressions were evident within six hours after staining. |
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Expr12085
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plr-1::GFP expression became visible in late gastrulation stage embryos. Strongest expression was detected in many cells in the tail region and by comma stage the most prominent expression was seen in body wall muscle cells. In early larval stages expression was detectable in a number of different tissues including the major hypodermal cells, muscle and marginal cells of the pharynx, the intestine (strongest in the anteriormost and posteriormost cells) as well as the anal depressor and stomatointestinal muscle. In the nervous system GFP expression was visible in a few neurons in head ganglia, many ventral cord motor neurons and several neurons in the tail ganglia including the PDA neuron. Based on the lack of commissures the motor neurons are likely of the VA, VB, VC and/or AS class. Based on the number of cells the majority (or even all) of these classes express GFP. In general expression was strongest in the tail region throughout development. This also held true for the motor neurons in the ventral cord, where GFP was strongest in the posterior-most cells and barely detectable in anterior motor neurons. Expression is maintained throughout larval development. In later larval stages expression is also seen occasionally in the distal tip cell of the developing gonad, the vulva and uterine muscle cells and the VC4 and VC5 neurons flanking the vulva. Expression in AVG, HSN or CAN neurons was not detectable with this reporter construct, but was detected in a previous study in HSN and CAN using a longer genomic construct (Moffat et al., 2014, Expr11480). |
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IFB-1BDGFP data were collected using the pCZ482 extrachromosomal array juEx595. |
Expr2857
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IFB-1ADGFP was first detected in epidermal cells at the enclosure stage of embryogenesis. By the 1.5-fold stage, IFB-1ADGFP began to accumulate in regions of epidermal cells adjacent to body wall muscles. In addition to epidermal and pharyngeal expression, both IFB-1 isoforms were expressed in other cell types. Both isoforms were localized to the processes of the excretory cell and the excretory duct. IFB-1B, but not IFB-1A, transgenes were highly expressed in the uterine epithelium. Prominent expression of IFB-1 isoforms was also observed in the pharynx. Both IFB-1A and IFB-1B are expressed in marginal cells of the pharynx. IFB-1BDGFP transgenes were expressed throughout the length of the pharynx, whereas IFB-1ADGFP transgenes were expressed in a subset of pharyngeal marginal cells. In pharyngeal marginal and muscle cells, Myotactin is localized basally, whereas IFB-1ADGFP and IFB-1BDGFP were distributed throughout the apicalbasal axis. These data confirm previous reports of anti-IFB-1 staining in pharyngeal marginal cells. |
In embryos after the 2-fold stage, larvae, and adults, IFB-1ADGFP localized to circumferential stripes in the parts of the epidermis that contact body wall muscles and in double tracks corresponding to epidermis overlying the processes of mechanosensory neurons; these patterns of subcellular localization correspond to epidermal attachment structures, also known as fibrous organelles. IFB-1BDGFP was also expressed in the epidermis in a pattern indistinguishable from that of IFB-1A. Thus, both isoforms of IFB-1 are expressed in the epidermis and localized to the same subcellular compartments. The monoclonal antibody MH4 recognizes an epitope common to IFA-1, IFA-2, and IFA-3, and does not recognize IFB-1. MH4 staining and IFB-1ADGFP expression co-localized in both embryonic and adult epidermal cells. In the adult epidermis, IFB-1ADGFP partly co-localized with Myotactin, a transmembrane protein that localizes to or close to the basal parts of epidermal attachments. |
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hil-1 = C30G7.1 = H1.X |
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Expr1926
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H1.X::GFP is expressed in body-wall muscles, as well as in the vulva sex muscles. In both cases the general appearance of the cells corresponds to the situation already described for the marginal cells of the pharynx: the fluorescence signal fills the cytoplasm, and the cells' nuclei appear as the brightest fluorescent structure. H1.X presence in muscle cells was not detected with the two different antibodies. H1.X::GFP was also expressed in a limited number of head neurons, in which the fluorescence signal filled the total cytoplasm, including the neuronal projections. The presence of H1.X in these cells was confirmed with the H1.X-101 antibody. Furthermore, H1.X::GFP was detected in the cytoplasm of excretory cells. In C. elegans embryos, H1.X::GFP expression starts with the 30-cell stage. The most prominent structures labeled with both antibodies as well as with H1.X::GFP in transgenic animals are the marginal cells and the tonofilaments therein. The signal appears in all larval stages and in adult C. elegans. No further nuclear or cytoplasmic signal appears besides the labeling of all nuclear lamina caused by the anti-lamin crossreactivity of H1.X-11. This result is confirmed by independent antibody labeling with H1.X-101. In these preparations no nuclear signal appeared in the nuclei of the marginal cells, although the cytoplasm of some head neurons was stained. |
A double labeling experiment was performed with H1.X-11 and the monoclonal antibody IFA, which stains the intermediate filament proteins of the tonofilaments. Both antibodies label identical structures - the tonofilaments in the marginal cells. Antibody labeling with H1.X-101 revealed a prominent labeling of the nucleoli in the polyploid gut nuclei of adult C. elegans hermaphrodites, which colocalized with fibrillarin, a structural component of small nucleolar RNPs (snoRNPs). H1.X was never detected in condensed mitotic or meiotic chromosomes or as a structural component of the interphase chromatin, as revealed by antibody labeling ( H1.X-11) of embryos and meiotic oocytes. H1.X::GFP was never found localized to condensed chromosomes. H1.1-GFP fluorescence is readily observed in condensed mitotic chromosomes in C. elegans embryos, and it is detected as a structural component of interphase chromatin in antibody labeling of embryonic blastomeres and all other cell types of C. elegans. H1.X-101 did not label the nuclear lamina. In H1.X::gfp transgenic animals, the cytoplasm of the marginal cells appeared brightly fluorescent, and the nuclei therein became visible as the brightest fluorescent structures of the cells. The GFP fluorescence was almost homogeneously distributed throughout the whole cytoplasm, but the tonofilaments therein became clearly visible as bright green dots when visualized in axial orientation. |
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Expr1864
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Expressed in muscle. |
Both UNC-60B and CeTM became detectable in muscle cells at a very early stage of muscle development (~290 min), nearly at the same time. At the comma stage (290350 min), both UNC-60B and CeTM are diffusely localized in the cytoplasm and positions of nuclei are devoid of staining. After the 1.5-fold stage (~430 min), CeTM was gradually localized to a narrow region which represented myo-fibrils as determined by double staining with anti-actin antibody, whereas UNC-60B remained in the diffuse cytoplasm. This differential localization of UNC-60B and CeTM was maintained throughout the later embryonic development. In adult body wall muscle, CeTM and UNC-60B were also localized to different regions of thin filaments. Interestingly, the staining patterns of CeTM and actin were different. CeTM was localized in linear patterns, whereas actin was localized in ladder-like patterns in which the regions of dense bodies were devoid of staining. UNC-60B was stained as dotted lines between two lines of CeTM with little overlapping zones. Double staining of actin and UNC-60B showed that UNC-60B was localized to the central areas of the actin ladders between dense bodies. Double staining of vinculin, as a marker for dense bodies, and UNC-60B revealed that UNC-60B filled the gaps between dense bodies but was not colocalized with them. The shape of the UNC-60Bpositive dots was irregular, suggesting that association of UNC-60B with myofibrils is unstable and dynamic. |
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Expr13910
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In embryos with the Pmnp-1::mnp-1::gfp transgene, we first detected GFP at about 250 min after first cell division. Expression continued throughout the rest of embryonic and post embryonic development. By 350 min after first division GFP was detected in many cells whose positions suggested that they were muscle cell precursors. In 1.5-fold stage and older embryos, expression continued in putative muscle precursors. In addition, we detected GFP expression in cells whose positions were consistent with their being neuronal precursors. In young larvae through adult, Pmnp-1::mnp-1::gfp was expressed in body wall muscle cells and sometimes within neurons. |
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Expr14977
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Ppes-7::pes-7::GFP expression begins at the gastrulation stage in only a few cells and broadens as the embryo develops. Consistent with its roles in cell adhesion, PES-7::GFP localizes to the cell cortex. In the larval or adult stages, the expression of Ppes-7::pes-7::GFP is also enriched in the nervous system, with some in the epidermis, muscles, and intestines. pes-7 is expressed in the AIY interneurons. |
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All of the reporter constructs produced the same cell-specific expression pattern as transgenes. |
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Expr1438
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The reporter transgenes express ubiquitously in the early embryo starting at about the 100 cell stage during gastrulation. In late embryogenesis and posthatching, expression is more limited. Strongest expression is observed in migrating cells and growing neurons as these cells undergo movements on the epidermis. At hatching, the reporters express in many neurons throughout the animal, in several cells of the pharynx including some pharyngeal neurons, in the elongated processes of the excretory cells, in the amphid and phasmid sheath and socket cells, in the tail hypodermis, and at later stages in intestine, muscles, vulva, and somatic gonad including the gonad sheath and hermaphrodite distal tip cells. The neurons expressing unc-73 include the PLM, ALM, PDE, HSN, CAN, PHC, and PVN neurons and the ventral cord motorneurons. Expression in the HSNs is absent in early larval stages, but begins late in the second larval stage (L2), precisely when axon outgrowth is initiated from the HSN cell bodies. The Q neuroblasts, Pn neuroectoblasts, sex myoblasts (SMs), and canal associated neurons (CANs) express unc-73 reporters. The left and right Q cells begin to express the GFP reporter as they initiate their migrations along the longitudinal axis of the epidermis during the early first larval (L1) stage, and expression in these cells continues beyond the completion of their first division. The unc-73 reporters express in the Pn cells just before this second phase of movemen. The distal tip cells also express the unc-73/reporters during their migration. |
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Transgenes expressing pen-2 with GFP inserted at the N terminus or within the predicted loop between the two transmembrane domains efficiently rescue the Egl and Mel pheno types of pen-2(ep220), indicating that both constructs encode functional PEN-2 proteins. In contrast, GFP fused to the C terminus induces a dominant-negative Mel/Aph phenotype in an otherwise wild-type background, similar to the pen-2 loss of function phenotype, indicating an important function for pen-2 C-terminal sequences. |
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Expr1976
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The N-terminal and loop pen-2::GFP fusions gave strong GFP fluorescence in most somatic tissues beginning at the 100-cell stage of development, including neurons, muscle, intestine, and the developing vulva. pen-2::GFP fluorescence was not detectable in early embryos, even though the pen-2::GFP transgenes rescue early pen-2 function. |
In later stages, most cells show strong perinuclear localization of GFP and a nonuniform cytosolic signal, which likely represents localization to intracellular membranes, such as endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and Golgi. |
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Colocalization Assay: In order to compare directly the distribution of lam-3 and epi-1, both subunits were co-stained using species-specific secondary antibody conjugates. As the germ layers develop, both subunits are deposited between the layers. However, the staining for laminin A is most intense around the pharyngeal and intestinal precursor cells, whereas staining for laminin B is most intense around the myoblast cells and along epidermal cells. By the onset of elongation, distinct layers of laminin A and laminin B staining can be distinguished, particularly anteriorly between the developing pharynx and the body wall. This indicates that the segregation of the laminin isoforms begins early, before or as organogenesis proceeds. In mnDf90, the two subunits remain differentially localized after elongation. lam-3 is localized to the pharyngeal basement membrane, whereas epi-1 is associated mainly with the body wall basement membranes and only weakly with the pharyngeal basement membrane. These results indicate that each laminin alpha subunit is segregated in the embryo to different adjacent basement membranes and that each membrane retains its unique subunit composition. |
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Expr2621
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The antisera indicate that early expression occurs during gastrulation. lam-3 is also associated with the nervous system. During elongation and throughout the rest of development, lam-3 is localized at the nerve ring, at the right fascicle of the ventral nerve cord and at the sublateral nerves. lam-3 is first detected between tissue layers near the end of gastrulation and then becomes localized along the muscle cells as the embryo begins to elongate. By the 3-fold stage of elongation, staining along the muscle quadrants is weaker and becomes restricted to a band at the center of each quadrant, which colocalizes with the dorsal and ventral sublateral nerve tracts in the adult. Staining is intense around the pharynx, pharyngeal-intestinal valve, and intestine during morphogenesis. In larvae and adults, the antiserum stains the spermatheca strongly and only weakly stains the pharynx, the intestine and the excretory canal. |
In nid-1(ur41) animals, lam-3 is localized with the mispositioned axons rather than along the normal nerve pathways. This suggests that lam-3 is localized to neuronal cell surfaces by specific lam-3 receptors. |
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Picture: Fig 2. |
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Expr9088
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Expression of GFP::LGG-2 and GFP::LGG-1 is first detected early during embryogenesis (before the 50 cell stage) with both a punctate and a diffuse cytoplasmic staining. At the beginning of organogenesis the number of puncta diminishes and the signal becomes mainly restricted to the pharynx, intestine and hypodermis. After hatching and during larval development GFP::LGG-1 expression has been reported as a diffuse signal predominantly in the lateral hypodermal seam cells and in the pharynx. Similarly, the expression of GFP::LGG-2 is high in the seam cells and pharynx and also in the nervous system, especially in some head and tail neurons and the neuron cell bodies in the ventral nerve cord. Its expression is mainly diffuse in the cytoplasm but a few dots are often detected in neuron cell bodies and seam cells. In adults, the tissue distribution of GFP::LGG-2 and GFP::LGG-1 remains diffuse but becomes more ubiquitous in particular the signal is detected in the whole hypodermis, the muscles, the vulva and the spermatheca. Together these data show that lgg-1 and lgg-2 present widely overlapping expression patterns and suggests the presence of numerous autophagosomal structures during embryogenesis. |
Punctate and diffuse cytoplasmic stainings were observed in early embryos.In larva stages, its expression is mainly diffuse in the cytoplasm but a few dots are often detected in neuron cell bodies and seam cells. |
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Expr13240
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In adults the pattern of UNC-44C::GFP(ju1413) fluorescence was generally consistent with that described for UNC-44 common isoforms by immunostaining (Otsuka et al., 2002); however we also observed strong expression in muscles and in gonadal spermathecal/sheath cells. UNC-44C::GFP(ju1413) expression was detected from early embryos to late larvae. Immediately before the bean stage of embryogenesis, UNC- 44C::GFP proteins were expressed in epidermal cells, within which they localized to the cell periphery. At postnatal L1 stage, UNC-44C::GFP was evident at the peripheries of epidermal seam cells and gut cells. In late larvae and adults, UNC-44C::GFP was seen in cells undergoing morphogenesis or fusion, such as vulval and seam cells. |
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Expr10768
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cic-1 GFP expression was visible in embryogenesis starting in early gastrulation stages. Expression was observed in a majority of cells, including many neurons throughout embryogenesis as well as post-embryonically. |
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Expr10769
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cdk-8 GFP expression was visible in embryogenesis starting in early gastrulation stages. Expression was observed in a majority of cells, including many neurons throughout embryogenesis as well as post-embryonically. |
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Reporter gene fusion type not specified. |
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Expr2608
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A 10 kb genomic promoter sequence is also expressed in vulval cells, which may not reflect the natural expression pattern of the ceh-2 gene, as that promoter extends into the next gene upstream. Reporter gene expression under the control of the ceh-2 promoter is detected shortly after formation of the pharynx primordium, and is strongest in elongated embryos and early larvae. 1.6 kb sequence upstream from the start codon drives expression only in the neurons (pTRB201); a fourth exon gfp fusion that includes 4.5 kb of upstream sequence and the large intron within the homeodomain is expressed also in e2 and m2 cells (pTRB202). |
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unc-75 mutant animals expressing an unc-75 cDNA under control of the unc-75 promoter are rescued for their locomotory defects, demonstrating that the 5' regulatory region of the gene contains all the elements required for unc-75 function. |
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Expr2668
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Transgenic animals that express the gfp gene under control of 5 kb of upstream regulatory region from the unc-75 locus (punc-75::gfp) show expression in all neurons as well as in neurosecretory gland cells, but in no other tissue. Reporter gene expression can first be observed around the 300-cell stage when neurons are generated and expression is maintained throughout adulthood. |
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Picture: Fig 2. |
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Expr9007
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GFP expression was observed in nearly all cells of the embryo from about the 100 cell stage. In larvae and adults, GFP was detectable in neurons, hypodermal cells and the seam cells, the excretory system, and intestinal cells. We noted expression in the vulval precursor cells and their descendents during mid-larval stages and strong somatic gonadal expression in the early L3 stage through to adult. |
GFP expression was visible in the nucleus, but restricted from the nucleolus in all expressing cells. |
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Expr11070
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In developing C. elegans larvae, mCherry protein was present in intestinal cells and select neurons and was excluded from muscle cells in a pattern reminiscent of human progranulin expression.The mCherry transcriptional reporter was first visible in the embryonic intestinal precursor cells at midgastrulation stage approximately 180 min after the first em- bryonic cleavage. Neuronal mCherry expression was observed in L1 larvae, and neuronal and intestinal mCherry expression persisted throughout larval development and into adulthood. |
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