WormMine: AnatomyTerm WBbt:0003958

• Definition: Ring interneuron, many synapses
• Name: RIAR
• Primary Identifier: WBbt:0003958
• Synonym: lineage name: ABalaapppaa

1 Children

Definition	Name	Synonym	Primary Identifier
nucleus of pedigree ABalaapppaa	ABalaapppaa nucleus		WBbt:0002702

1 Expression Clusters

Regulated By Treatment	Description	Algorithm	Primary Identifier
	Top 300 transcripts enriched in RIAL, RIAR according to single cell RNAseq.	Top 300 enriched transcripts were determined by log2.ratio of the tpm in the cell type vs the tpm in the other cells * the log2 of the cell.type tpm.	WBPaper00061340:RIA

62 Expression Patterns

• Primary Identifier: Expr4403
• Pattern: Strong and consistent expression was observed in a limited number of neurons in the head and tail and coelomocytes. Weaker and/or inconsistent expression of TTX-7::EGFP was detected in nerve cord motor neurons, intestine, and somatic gonad. The head neurons expressing ttx-7::EGFP include AFD and RIA neurons. Also expressed in ASH, ASE, ASJ, AWC, ADF, ADL, ASI, ASK, AWB, VNC motor neurons, etc.
• Subcellular Localization: TTX-7::EGFP was diffusely expressed in the cytoplasm and was not localized to any specific subcellular compartment.

• Primary Identifier: Expr4526
• Pattern: Expressed in AWAL/R, ASIL/R, RIAL/R, PVT.

• Primary Identifier: Expr15388

• Primary Identifier: Expr15558

• Primary Identifier: Expr15571

• Primary Identifier: Expr15572

• Primary Identifier: Expr15573

• Primary Identifier: Expr15579

• Primary Identifier: Expr15586

• Primary Identifier: Expr15651

• Primary Identifier: Expr15652

• Primary Identifier: Expr15589

• Primary Identifier: Expr13158

• Primary Identifier: Expr15591

• Primary Identifier: Expr15598

• Primary Identifier: Expr15604

• Primary Identifier: Expr15608

• Primary Identifier: Expr11375
• Pattern: eat-4 is expressed in 78 of the 302 neurons of the adult hermaphrodite, which fall into 38 neuron classes (out of a total of 118 anatomically defined neuron classes in the hermaphrodite). Most of these neurons are either sensory- or interneurons. Only two motorneurons utilize glutamate; both are located in the pharynx.

• Primary Identifier: Expr15611

• Primary Identifier: Expr1824
• Remark: Cells expressing TAX-6 were visualized using several tax-6::gfp fusion genes. The expression of tax-6 is under diverse transcriptional controls. Reporter gene fusion type not specified. pAK43 is a larger transgene that should include all promoter regions for tax-6 transcription, since another gene is encoded just upstream of this region and tax-6 mRNA does not seem to be derived from a polycistronic transcript.
• Pattern: When introduced into wildtype animals, pAK43 drove TAX-6 expression in many sensory neurons, as well as interneurons including AIY and AIZ, and most, if not all, muscle cells. pAK43 is expressed in muscle, AIB, AIY, AIZ, RIA, RIB, RIS, RIM, ASI, ADF, ASH, ASK, ADL, AUA, PHA, PHB, AVE. It is also expressed in AFD, ASE, AWA, AWC, AVK, AIM, RMDV, AVA.

• Primary Identifier: Expr12599
• Pattern: Broad expression of the frpr-4::gfp translational reporter was observed during both larval development and adulthood; expression was in body wall muscles, pharyngeal muscles, and multiple neurons, including the RIA neurons, the DVA neuron, and the PVM neuron. Membrane localization of the green fluorescence was observed, as would be expected for a GPCR.

• Primary Identifier: Expr7825
• Remark: Picture: Fig. 7.
• Pattern: The most predominant fluorescence was detected in the head ganglia and the ring neuropile. Among the head neurons labeled, strong and consistent fluorescence was detected in the bilaterally symmetrical pair of RIA interneurons and, less strongly but also consistently, in the bilaterally symmetrical RIC neurons. In addition, inconsistent staining of URY was detected. Outside the head region consistent labeling of the tail neuron, PVT, and possibly DVC was detected, although this latter neuron could not be positively identified. Authors could not detect any consistent expression of our ser-1::GFP construct in muscle either of the body wall, vulva or pharynx.

• Primary Identifier: Expr15344

• Primary Identifier: Expr2707
• Reporter Gene: [ser-2::gfp] transcriptional fusion constructs. Ser-2 reporter constructs were generated by using a PCR fusion protocol, using pPD95.75 as a template for green fluorescent protein (gfp). For all gfp fusion primers listed, gfp vector sequence is indicated in lowercase, and gene-specific sequence is indicated in uppercase. [ser-2::gfp] translational fusion. A translational fusion of the whole ser-2 locus to gfp was created by using an in vivo recombination technique. Specifically, two overlapping PCR fragments, one containing the 5' part of a locus, the other containing the remainder of the locus PCR-fused to gfp, were coinjected into the worm. Recombination of these two fragments via the homologous region leads to the expression of a full-length ser-2::gfp fusion.
• Pattern: Expression using the upstream regulatory regions of exon 1bc (ser-2prom2::gfp) is mostly restricted to the AIYL/R, AIZL/R, RID, DVA, BDUL/R, SIADL/R, and SIAVL/R interneurons. Less consistent expression is observed in PVT. In addition, expression is observed in the RMEL/R motor neurons. Outside the nervous system, expression can be observed in the excretory gland cells. No more transcriptional regulatory information is contained within intronic regions by generating a fusion of gfp to the full coding genomic ser-2 locus using an in vivo recombination technique([ser-2::gfp] translational fusion. Transgenic animals expressing such a construct show an expression pattern similar to the one observed with the ser-2prom1::gfp construct. The upstream regulatory region of the third splice form, containing exon 1d(ser-2prom3::gfp), drives expression exclusively in two sensory neuron classes, OLL(L/R) and PVD(L/R). ser-2prom1::gfp is expressed in the AIY interneuron class and a set of unidentified neurons. These neurons were identified as head and tail interneuron classes, namely AVHL/R, AUAL/R, AIYL/R, RICL/R, SABVL/R, RID, RIAL/R, SABD, SDQ, CANL/R, DA9, LUAL/R, ALNL/R, and PVCL/R. In addition to its expression in neurons, ser-2prom1::gfp is also expressed in pharyngeal cells (NSM neurons and pm1/6 muscles) and in head muscles. In males, expression can be observed in posterior dorsal and ventral body wall muscles, the male-specific diagonal muscles, and several posterior neurons likely to be CP neurons.

• Primary Identifier: Expr8733
• Remark: Picture: Fig. 2a, b.
• Pattern: MAGI-1::GFP was expressed in several interneurons, including AVA, AVD, AVE, RIM, and RIA.

• Primary Identifier: Expr15570

• Primary Identifier: Expr3206
• Pattern: In addition to expression in a number of neurons (RMEL/R, RID, BDUL/R, AIYL/R, AVHL/R, AIZL/R, ALNL/R, RICL/R, RIAL/R and PDA) as has been reported previously, intense fluorescence was also observed in uterine toroid cells (ut1 and ut2).

• Primary Identifier: Expr15648

• Primary Identifier: Expr15626

• Primary Identifier: Expr15340
• Remark: Promoter 6-1

11 Life Stages

Remark	Definition	Other Name	Public Name	Primary Identifier
	The whole period of embryogenesis in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans, from the formation of an egg until hatching.		embryo Ce	WBls:0000003
	The C. elegans life stage spanning 620-800min(hatch) after first cleavage at 20 Centigrade. Cell number remains at ~560 cells, with some new cells generated and some cells go through programmed cell death. A stage after elongation is over. The last stage of embryogenesis. Also called pre-hatched embryo, late embryo or morphogenetic embryo.		fully-elongated embryo Ce	WBls:0000021
	The C. elegans life stage spanning 350-620min after first cleavage at 20 Centigrade. Cell number remains at ~560 cells, with some new cells generated and some cells go through programmed cell death. The stage that embryo starts elongation until elongation is over.		elongating embryo Ce	WBls:0000015
	The C. elegans life stage spanning 290-350min after first cleavage at 20 Centigrade. Proliferate from 421 cells to 560 cells. The stage when embryo just finished gastrulation and is enclosing.		enclosing embryo Ce	WBls:0000013
	The C. elegans life stage spanning 0-350min after first cleavage at 20 Centigrade. Proliferate from 1 cell to 560 cells. From start of first cleavage until cleavage is over.		proliferating embryo Ce	WBls:0000004
	The C. elegans life stage spanning 520-620min after first cleavage at 20 Centigrade. Cell number remains at ~560 cells, with some new cells generated and some cells go through programmed cell death. The shape of embryo is elongated and tripple fold. A stage between 2-fold embryo and fully-elongated embryo. Also called pretzel embryo or pretzel stage.		3-fold embryo Ce	WBls:0000020
	The C. elegans life stage spanning 420-460min after first cleavage at 20 Centigrade. Cell number remains at ~560 cells, with some new cells generated and some cells go through programmed cell death. The shape of embryo is elongated and fold back 50%. A stage between comma embryo and 2-fold embryo.		1.5-fold embryo Ce	WBls:0000018
	The C. elegans life stage spanning 390-420min after first cleavage at 20 Centigrade. Cell number remains at ~560 cells, with some new cells generated and some cells go through programmed cell death. The shape of embryo looks like a comma. A stage between bean embryo and 1.5-fold embryo.		comma embryo Ce	WBls:0000017
	The C. elegans life stage spanning 460-520min after first cleavage at 20 Centigrade. Cell number remains at ~560 cells, with some new cells generated and some cells go through programmed cell death. The shape of embryo is elongated and double fold. A stage between 1.5-fold embryo and 3-fold embryo.		2-fold embryo Ce	WBls:0000019
	The C. elegans life stage spanning 350-390min after first cleavage at 20 Centigrade. Cell number remains at ~560 cells, with some new cells generated and some cells go through programmed cell death. Emrbyo elongation started but have not formed comma shape yet. The shape of embryo looks like a lima bean. A stage right before comma embryo. Also called lima embryo or lima bean stage.		bean embryo Ce	WBls:0000016
	The C. elegans life stage spanning 210-350min after first cleavage at 20 Centigrade. Proliferate from 421 cells to 560 cells. The stage before the fast cleavage of cells finishes.		late cleavage stage embryo Ce	WBls:0000014

4 Parents

Definition	Name	Synonym	Primary Identifier
neuron with its cell body situated in the head, excluding the pharynx.	head neuron		WBbt:0006751
embryonic cell	ABalaapppa		WBbt:0006026
Neuron class of two prominent interneurons with cell bodies situated in the lateral ganglia, adjacent to the neuropile of the nerve ring.	RIA		WBbt:0006833
neuron type, cell body located in right lateral ganglion.	lateral ganglion right neuron		WBbt:0005100