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PKD-2::GFP transgenes fully rescue the male mating defect of pkd-2(sy606) null mutants. |
[pkd-2::gfp] translational fusion. |
Expr4254
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pkd-2 is expressed in a subset of male-specific sensory neurons: four CEM neurons in the head, eight pairs of Ray B neurons (1-5 and 7-9, excluding R6B), and the HOB hook neuron in the tail. |
Each neuron that expresses PKD-2 has an exposed cilium at the distal ending of the dendrite. In these neurons, PKD-2::GFP localizes predominantly to cell bodies and cilia, and is also observed in small dendritic and axonal puncta. Within the ciliary region, PKD-2::GFP is distributed throughout the cilium, but primarily concentrated at the ciliary base, which corresponds to the distal-most dendrite and transition zone regions. |
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Picture: Figure 3A. |
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Marker27
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Expressed in male specific sensory neurons. |
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Expr3037
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The 5' untranslated region directed expression to a small subset of sensory cells that are ciliated. GFP signal was observed in the multiple ciliated amphid neurons in the head and both ciliated phasmid neurons (PHA and PHB) in the tail. Expression was also detected in other ciliated sensory neurons, including the inner and outer labial neurons and male tail ray neurons. GFP fluorescence was also detected in the midbody PDE ciliated neuron and PQR ciliated tail neuron. |
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Expr3263
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Pnphp-4::GFP is expressed in the amphid neurons in the head and the male-specific CEM neurons. Pnphp-4::GFP is expressed in both pairs of phasmids, the male-specific HOB and RnB neurons. |
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Most of the tissues expressing rcn-1 overlap with those observed in calcineurin GFP and by immunostaining, including lateral hypodermal cells, vulva muscle tissue, nerve cords, and diverse neuronal expression. Reporter gene fusion type not specified. |
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Expr2548
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GFP analysis of the transformed animals revealed that rcn-1 is expressed from late embryonic stages to adulthood in diverse tissues, including lateral hypodermal cells, marginal cells of the pharynx, vulva epithelial cells, ventral and dorsal nerve cords and commissures, and various neurons in the anterior and posterior portions of the worm. Male C. elegans displayed rcn-1 expression in male tail structures including the diagonal muscles, sensory rays, and spicules. GFP expression analysis of a shorter 1.6 kb 50 upstream fragment of rcn-1 revealed vulva muscle expression in addition to the aforementioned expression patterns. |
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Expr1051
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The unc-130::GFP construct is expressed in a dynamic pattern during embryogenesis in head hypodermal cells, as well as in muscle and intestinal precursor cells. In adults, unc-130::GFP is observed in ventral muscle, as well as in intestine and other cells in the head and tail. In adult males, unc-130 is also expressed in the structural cells and two neurons of each ray. |
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Expr1118
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The tissue distribution of HSP43 is localized to specific cells of the vulva, to the spermathecal valve and junctions between cells of the spermathecal cage. It is also concentrated in regions of contact between muscle cells or between muscle cells and the overlying hypodermis. In males, HSP43 was also found to be concentrated in specialized structures of the tail, including rays, copulatory spicules and other structures too poorly resolved to permit reliable identification. This signal was HSP43-specific, and not due to autofluorescence of tail structures, since it was abolished when the antibody was pre-incubated with excess HSP43 protein. |
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Expr2938
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GFP was observed from the embryo stage through to the adult stages. In the adult animal it was expressed in the pharynx, intestine, body wall muscle, gonad, distal tip cells and/or germ cells, nervous system, male tail rays, and spicule. chn-1 is probably expressed in all tissues. |
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Expr1837
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Expression of eff-1p::gfp was silent through the first third of embryogenesis, first appearing about 230 min after first cleavage in a subset of epidermal precursor cells. Over the next 3 hr, these and additional fluorescent cells were observed to migrate over the ventral and dorsal surfaces of the embryo, and the majority of GFP-positive cells fused to form the hyp6 and hyp7 syncytia. As elongation progressed, GFP was also expressed in a pair of cells that fused to form the binucleate "tail spike" . After hatching, eff-1p::gfp expression persisted in large epidermal syncytia through adulthood. Mononucleated epidermal cells-including the seam cells and the VPCs-remained nonfluorescent until shortly before undergoing larval fusion events. More specifically, GFP was seen in (1) nonstem daughters of the seam cells shortly before they fused into hyp7; (2) vulval cells invaginating to form toroids during morphogenesis; and (3) the rays and fan of the adult male tail. Expression was also seen in nonepidermal organs known to contain syncytia, including the pharynx and uterus. Interestingly, a few cells that express eff-1p::gfp have never been observed to fuse, such as some ventral epidermal precursors in the embryo and several neurons. |
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Picture: Fig. 4. |
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Expr7823
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OSM-9::GFP is localized to the cell body, but not cilia, of the polycystin neurons (CEM, HOB, RnB, where n = 1 to 9 except R6B) |
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Expr2968
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GFP fluorescence was detected in all ciliated sensory neurons including the amphids, labial neurons, phasmids, and the sensory rays of the male tail. No GFP was evident in other cell types, suggesting that bbs-5 expression is restricted to ciliated cells. |
Analysis of a C. elegans strain expressing a translational bbs-5::GFP transgene revealed that the GFP-tagged BBS-5 protein localizes specifically to the base of cilia in the ciliated head and tail neurons. BBS-5::GFP staining pattern is observed at the base of the cilia in the amphid neurons in the worm head and at the base of the left and right phasmid neurons in the tail. |
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Expr1886
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Expression of the smp-2::gfp transcriptional reporter is detected initially in twofold embryos, in one mononucleate pharyngeal muscle cell and in intestinal cells. In the L1 stage, GFP fluorescence is observed in one mononucleate pharyngeal muscle cell m6, in all intestinal cells, in the head epidermal cells, in a restricted number of body wall muscles, in inner labial sensory neurons, and tentatively in URAVL/R and URADL/R motorneurons. In L4 larvae and adults, GFP fluorescence is restricted to intestinal cells and pharyngeal muscle cell m6. During larval development of the male tail, GFP expression is observed only in the hook. In adult males, rays 8 and 9, and the tail bursa express smp-2::gfp. smp-2::gfp is not seen in hyp 9 or hyp 10. |
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Expr3018
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Expressed in AIN, AWA, BAG, HSN, URX. Faint or variable expression observed in an extra pair of cells in the tail. Male specific expression in Rays 5, 7, 9, CEM. |
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See Expr1212 for another gfp expression pattern. |
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Expr1211
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Expressed in the intestinal muscles. In addition to the muscle expression, the short fusion was expressed in the AFD, ALN, AQR, ASE, AWC, BAG, IL2, PLN, PQR, and URX neurons in hermaphrodites and males, and in a subset of ray sensory neurons in males. |
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Reporter gene fusion type not specified. To analyze ida-1 gene expression in males, the pida-1::GFP transgenic strain BL5715 was crossed with the him-8 (high incidence of males) mutant strain BW1663. cgc6469 mentioned that this reporter gene is transcriptional fusion. |
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Expr843
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The ida-1 gene promoter-driven GFP expression pattern in males differs from hermaphrodites, especially in the tail, where many more fluorescent cells are observed. Male larvae appear very similar to hermaphrodite larvae, the only difference being that the PVP neurons in the preanal ganglion showed higher GFP expression levels. It was concluded that all neurons expressing GFP in the hermaphrodite pharyngeal nerve ring and in the tail also express GFP in males. In adult males, additional fluorescence is seen in neurons anterior to the nerve ring, in the ventral cord and many more in the tail. The four additional GFP-expressing cells in the procorpus just anterior to the pharyngeal bulb have not been identified. Expression in the male-specific CEM neurons at the anterior end of the nerve ring appeared variable. The hermaphrodite-specific cells VC, HSN, and uv1 observed to express GFP are not found in males. Nonetheless, several cell bodies in the male ventral cord expressed GFP. Dorsally directed processes emanate from them, which identifies them as CAn, a set of eight motoneurons. As in hermaphrodites, PDE weakly expressed GFP. In the male tail, about 20 neurons express GFP. They include PHA, PHB, PHC, and PVP in the preanal ganglion, which are already seen in larvae. Some of the rays contain GFP-filled axons that extend all the way to the tip of the ray. Rays 2, 8, and 9 show the highest expression levels; axons of rays 1, 4, and 6 fluoresce more weakly. No GFP expression is observed in the spicules. |
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Expr3815
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From this construct, unc-103 also expresses in the pharyngeal neurons (I2 and NSM), head neurons [IL1, IL2, OLL, URAD, ASH, AVD, AUA, and SIAV and OLQ, RIV, URYV, AIN, and AIA, PCA in the post-cloacal sensilla, and one of two ray neurons in rays 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, and 9. An unc-103::YFP translational fusion expressed from the 8.7 kb upstream region was also injected and it was observed that the anal depressor, spicule protractor, retractor, and other male sex muscles also expressed UNC-103; in the hermaphrodite, the vulva muscles also express the transgene. |
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Data modified according to Shawn Lockery's expression pattern curations. |
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Expr302
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ASI ADFmale R8male/R9male? |
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Expr13159
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Expr2261
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Many cells, including the six touch receptor neurons, expressed green fluorescent protein (GFP) and b-galactosidase (LacZ) from mec-6 promoter and protein fusions. These fusions were expressed primarily in neurons (the six touch receptors, ventral cord motor neurons, HSN, PVD, PVC, IL1, and several other unidentified neurons near the nerve ring, in the anal ganglion and in the male tail sensory rays), muscles (the body wall, vulval, intestinal, anal depressor and sphincter muscles) and the excretory canal. |
Cytoplasmic, but not extracellular, b-galactosidase has enzymatic activity. A full-length mec-6::lacZ fusion produced no b-galactosidase activity unless DNA encoding a synthetic transmembrane domain was added. The transmembrane domain-dependent changes in lacZ expression indicate that MEC-6 is a transmembrane protein with its C terminus situated extracellularly. |
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Expr977
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Neither immunoblotting nor immunostaining analysis with the anti-EAT-20 polyclonal antibody detected any signal in eat-20 mutants. At the 16-cell stage, patches of staining on the entire surface of embryos were first detected. From the comma stage on, staining was detected in coelomocytes, the nervous tissues, hypodermal cells, and the pharynx. At the comma stage, the apical surface of the alimentary canal was stained intensely and the basal surface of presumptive pharynx was moderately stained. The staining in the presumptive pharynx gradually weakened thereafter and disappeared completely at the late 3-fold stage. The staining of the apical surface of the pharynx and pharyngeal intestinal valve remained intense throughout the rest of the embryogenesis stage. Granular staining in the region surrounding the pharyngeal lumen was observed from the L2 stage on and spread to the external surface. Staining of the entire surface of the pharyngeal muscle was observed in the late L3 or L4 stage. The inner linings of the intestine and anus were intensely stained until the 2-fold stage, and then the staining became weak and disappeared completely at the 3-fold stage. The anterior-most intestinal cell became stained from the L3 stage. Staining was also observed in the nervous tissues. At the rostral end of the head, staining that seemed to correspond to the distal segments of labial process bundles was seen from the comma stage up to the adult stage. In larvae, the staining sometimes extended posteriorly to the level of the isthmus. A pair of cells, which might be support cells of sensory neurons posterior to the distal structures, were stained from the L1 stage up to the adult stage. The motor neurons in the ventral cord, which sometimes expressed GFP in the promoter trap line, were stained at the early L1 stage. This staining disappeared at the late L1 stage and, in the later stages, was replaced by segmental staining of the ventral nerve cord. The nerve ring and the nerve bundles that connect the nerve ring and the ventral nerve cord had dots of very faint staining. On the lateral body wall at the base of the tail spike, staining was detected from the L2 stage up to the adult stage, which may correspond to the axon of ALN neuron that expressed reporter GFP in the promoter trap lines. In the adult male tail, sensory rays were intensely stained. There was also extensive hypodermal staining. Weak staining of the seam cells began at the 3-fold stage and the staining became intense from the L3 stage up to the adult stage. Thin longitudinal bands were stained along the dorsal and ventral midline from the rostral end of the body to the base of the tail spike, which corresponds to the position of the dorsal and ventral hypodermal ridges. The hypodermal staining co-localizing with the position of the ventral nerve cord was the most intense. The hypodermal cells at the opening and inside of the vulva were stained from the L4 stage up to the adult stage. The hypodermis around the anus was stained from the L2 stage up to the adult stage. The coelomocytes were continuously stained from the comma stage up to the adult stage. |
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Reporter gene fusion type not specified. |
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Expr1157
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Most of the GFP produced from pCHE-2::GFP3 was localized at the cilia of most ciliated sensory neurons. This could be seen most clearly in amphid sensory neurons, whose cilia are fasciculated. The processes and cell bodies showed only faint fluorescence, and the nuclei were not fluorescent. The che-2::GFP transgenics pCHE-2::GFP1 and pCHE-2::GFP2 first expressed GFP in some head neurons between the comma and 1.5-fold stage of embryogenesis. The number of cells expressing GFP increased, as the development proceeded to the adult stage. The expression at the adult stage was detected in all the amphid sensory neurons except AFD, phasmid neurons PHA and PHB, all the inner and outer labial neurons (IL1, IL2, OLQ and OLL), CEP, PDE, FLP, PQR, and three unidentified neurons (perhaps AQR and ADEL/R). Thus, che-2 seems to be expressed in all the ciliated sensory neurons except BAG and AFD. GFP expression in N2 male tails, where there are many male-specific sensory neurons required for mating behavior. GFP was expressed at least in all the rays, which have ciliated sensory neurons. |
cilia |
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Expr3088
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The reporter was reliably expressed in several easily identified cells including the paired serotonergic neurons NSM and HSN and the dopaminergic PDE postdeirid sensory neurons. NSM processes studded with varicosities were apparent in the isthmus of the pharynx labeled with GFP. The egg-laying neuron HSN normally expresses serotonin only in adulthood, and the reporter was found to be expressed in adult hermaphrodites and sometimes late L4 larvae. Often the HSN processes were apparent extending to vulval muscles and anteriorly within the ventral nerve cord. The bas-1::GFP reporter was also expressed in other neurons in the head, around the nerve ring. The reporter was expressed in probable dorsal and ventral cephalic sensilla neurons CEPD and CEPV; sometimes as many as four processes was observed extending to the tip of the nose. Expression was also seen in the anterior deirid sensory neurons ADE . Less frequently expression was seen in probable ADF and AIM neurons. As many as 12 neurons (6 bilateral pairs) was seen expressing the reporter in the head of young larvae. This includes all the identified serotonergic (NSM, ADF, AIM) and dopaminergic (CEPD, CEPV, ADE) head neurons excepting the unpaired RIH neuron. In a small number of males examined, expression was seen in male-specific serotonergic and dopaminergic neurons, including up to 6 pairs of ray sensory neurons (RNs) in both adults and late L4 larvae . (There are three pairs of serotonergic, and three pairs of dopaminergic RNs among the 18 RNs.) Expression in CP neurons, male-specific ventral cord motoneurons controlling tail curling during mating, was limited and usually weak in the male worms examined. At most three posterior cells showed staining, and usually only one or two posterior cells (CP5, CP6) weakly stained, when expression was present at all. CP staining was never seen in L4 animals, and often none even in male worms expressing GFP strongly in the RNs. |
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Expr856
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Using either antibody, prominent OSM-5 protein staining was observed in the transition zones and cilia of the sensory neurons, including the amphids, phasmids, labials and rays of the male tail. Little or no staining was observed in the cell bodies or other areas of the worm. |
Expressed in the transitional zone and cilia of sensory neurons. |
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All transgenic lines were screened for dye filling of the amphid and phasmid neurons to confirm rescue of the osm-5(p813) cilia defects and show that the OSM-5GFP fusion protein was functional. |
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Expr857
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Analysis of OSM-5GFP expression reveals almost exclusive localization to the transition zones and cilia of amphids, phasmids, labials and rays of the male tail. |
Expressed in the transitional zone and cilia of sensory neurons. |
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240 minutes of development (author) = late cleavage stage embryo (curator) Lineage expression: Rn descandents. |
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Expr1034
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Except for an earlier onset of GFP expression from both evpPRII.67 and evpPRII.75, all reporters displayed very similar expression patterns. Embryonic GFP expression reported by evpPRII.14 is first visible at approximately 240 minutes of development and is ubiquitous, a pattern that persists until hatching. At the beginning of each larval stage, dividing seam cells express mab-20::GFP, as do both daughter cells in males and hermaphrodites. After the anterior daughter fuses with surrounding hyp7, mab-20::GFP expression is downregulated or shut off in the both daughters. Other hypodermal expression is not evident in males or hermaphrodites. Other cells that express mab-20::GFP in hermaphrodites include the hermaphrodite-specific neurons at the L4 stage, vulva cells A to F throughout development, the migrating distal tip cells during the L4 stage, and several unidentified neurons within the nerve ring and ventral nerve cord. Expression in males include cells in the posterior ganglia, the migrating male linker cell beginning at the L3 to L4 transition, and the same nerve ring and ventral nerve cord expression observed in hermaphrodites. About 35 hours after hatching, mid-L3 males express mab-20::GFP in the 9 R(n) cells that give rise to the ray precursor clusters. Interior neuronal ganglia also express lower levels of mab-20::GFP at this stage. At 38-40 hours, when ray papillae are just visible, the 9 R(n)s and their descendents express mab-20::GFP. However, the underlying neural ganglia express the same level of GFP as the ray precursors at this stage. This pattern of expression continues until adulthood. |
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Expr861
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During embryogenesis they are widely expressed in many or all cells. During larval stages, they are expressed in the seam cells, head neurons, ventral cord, male ray cells and other tail neurons. The reporter genes are also strongly expressed in proliferating cells for example, they are expressed in the vulval precursor cells. In adult animals, the reporters are expressed mainly in neurons. For both reporters, GFP fluorescence was nuclear. |
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Picture: Figure 2B. stam-1, also called pqn-19. |
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Expr8036
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stam-1 is expressed in many tissues, including the pharyngeal intestinal valve, several head neurons, and phasmids in both males and hermaphrodites throughout development. In males, stam-1 expression is also observed in the gonad and sensory neurons in the tail. stam-1 and pkd-2 are clearly coexpressed in male-specific ciliated CEM, ray B-type (RnB), and hook HOB sensory neurons. |
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Reporter gene fusion type not specified. |
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Expr864
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Expressed in bean-stage embryo, two-fold elongated embryo, four-fold elongated embryo, L1-L3. Expressed in the nerve ring: more than 8 symmetric pairs of neurons. Expressed in sensory neurons: amphid sensory neurons, labial neurons. Expressed in other neurons: ventral nerve cord, tail neurons. Expressed in non-neuronal tissues: pharynx, vulva. |
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Expr3036
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The 5' untranslated region directed expression to a small subset of sensory cells that are ciliated. GFP signal was observed in the multiple ciliated amphid neurons in the head and both ciliated phasmid neurons (PHA and PHB) in the tail. Expression was also detected in other ciliated sensory neurons, including the inner and outer labial neurons and male tail ray neurons. |
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Protein_Description: ICB4 antigen. |
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Expr2784
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Antigen expressed in chemosensory neruons (inner labial 2, cephalic companion cell, and possibly ray neruon B), intestine and sperm. |
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