WormMine: AnatomyTerm WBbt:0004526

• Definition: Pharyngeal gland cell 2L.
• Name: g2L
• Primary Identifier: WBbt:0004526
• Synonym: lineage name: MSaapapaa

1 Children

Definition	Name	Synonym	Primary Identifier
nucleus of pedigree MSaapapaa	MSaapapaa nucleus		WBbt:0002032

4 Expression Clusters

Regulated By Treatment	Description	Algorithm	Primary Identifier
	Single-cell RNA-Seq cell group 78_0 expressed in gland.	scVI 0.6.0	WBPaper00065841:78_0
	Single-cell RNA-Seq cell group 41_0 expressed in gland.	scVI 0.6.0	WBPaper00065841:41_0
	Top 300 transcripts enriched in g2L, g2R according to single cell RNAseq.	Top 300 enriched transcripts were determined by log2.ratio of the tpm in the cell type vs the tpm in the other cells * the log2 of the cell.type tpm.	WBPaper00061340:g2
	Single-cell RNA-Seq cell group 99 expressed in: g2 (pharyngeal gland) .	CellRanger, DecontX, Monocle3, Louvain algorithm.	WBPaper00065623:99

25 Expression Patterns

• Primary Identifier: Expr10187
• Remark: Supplementary table 1. Original data from Yuji Kohara's in situ database (http://nematode.lab.nig.ac.jp).
• Pattern: Expressed in g2 glands.

• Primary Identifier: Expr10176

• Primary Identifier: Expr10175

• Primary Identifier: Expr8677
• Remark: Picture: Fig 3.
• Pattern: Expression in the alimentary canal: Strong and consistent expression in anterior arcades, posterior arcades. Weak or rare expression in pm2, pm3, pm4, pm5, pm6, pm7, pm8, mc1, g1, g2, rectal gland cells, rectal epithelial cells. Expression in the nervous system: Phsh, AVK, DVC (early larva), PVR, SIB (early larva), URB, I3. Expression in the reproductive system: In adult stage, expressed in gonad sheath, uterus, vulval muscle. In developing larva stage, expressed in vulva. Neuronal expression of inx-9 appears around three-fold stage. The rectal gland expresses inx-9 during early larval stages. inx-9 is expressed in adult hermaphrodite sex muscles. inx-9 was expressed at high levels in arcade cells starting around two-fold stage continuing throughout development and adulthood.

• Primary Identifier: Expr8671
• Remark: Picture: Fig 3.
• Pattern: Expression in the alimentary canal: Strong and consistent expression in pharyngeal epithelium, pm5, pm6, pm7, pm8, g2, rectal gland cells. Weak or rare expression in anterior arcades, posterior arcades, pm2, pm3, pm4, M3, MC, intestine, rectal epithelial cells. Expression in the nervous system: CEPsh, ALN, ASn, CAN, DAn, DBn, DDn, DVA, DVB, HSN, PDE, PLM, PVQ, PVR, PVT, URB, VAn, VBn, VDn, M3, MC. Expression in the reproductive system: In adult stage, expressed in spermatheca, vulval muscle, HSN. In developing larva stage, expressed in vulval muscle, uterine muscle, HSN. inx-3 was expressed broadly during early embryogenesis. After the beginning of morphogenesis, inx-3 expression becomes more restricted to the pharynx, hypodermis, and intestine. By three-fold stage inx-3 expression appears in ventral cord motor neurons (strongest in DA neurons) along with continued strong pharyngeal expression. By hatching, its hypodermal expression disappears, while postembryonically born ventral cord motor neurons express it at low levels. Its pharyngeal (strong) and neuronal (faint) expressions continue to adulthood.

• Primary Identifier: Expr8675
• Remark: Picture: N.A.
• Pattern: Expression in the alimentary canal: Strong and consistent expression in pm5, MC. Weak or rare expression in pharyngeal epithelium, pm1, pm2, pm3, pm4 pm6, pm7, pm8, g1, g2, rectal gland cells. Expression in the nervous system: ADE, AIY, ALM, ALN, AVA, AVK, AVM, BDU, CAN, DAn, DVA, DVB, DVC, FLP, HSN, LUA, PLM, PLN, PVC, PVM, PVP, PVQ, PVT, PVW, RID, RIS, SDQ, URB, MC. Expression in the reproductive system: In adult stage, expressed in HSN. Faint hypodermal expression of inx-7 is seen around two-fold stage and becomes stronger by threefold stage.

• Primary Identifier: Expr8679
• Remark: Picture: Fig 3.
• Pattern: Expression in the alimentary canal: Strong and consistent expression in anterior arcades, posterior arcades, pharyngeal epithelium, pm4, pm8, g1, g2, vir, K.a/K' cells. inx-11 is more strongly expressed in the most posterior (int 9) intestinal cell. Weak or rare expression in pm1, pm2, pm3, pm5, pm6, pm7. Expression in the nervous system: CEPsh, DVC, LUA. Expression in the reproductive system: In adult stage, expressed in utse. In developing larva stage, expressed in uterus, sperm (spermatocytes, spermatids). Expression of inx-11 appears in pharyngeal tissue around two-fold stage, and by three-fold stage, strong expression becomes restricted to g1, g2, pm4, and pm8. inx-11 is expressed in the hypodermal cells of the animal in postembryonic stages.

• Primary Identifier: Expr1470
• Remark: CeE/Da = hlh-2 in the article.
• Pattern: CeE/DA can first be detected in both nuclei of 2-cell embryos. Staining persists apparently in all nuclei of the early embryo for the first 150-200 minutes of development (100-200 cells). By 270 minutes of development (approx. 350 cells) a dramatic change in antibody staining has occurred in which persistent staining is seen in progressively fewer blastomeres. Most, but not all, blastomeres that initially retain CeE/DA antibody staining at this stage are neurons or their immediate precursors. There are a few neuronal precursors that are located away from the neuronal clusters in the embryo (for example the postembryonic neuroblast W), for which antibody staining was not detected. Therefore, although persistent antibody staining is largely restricted to neurons or their precursors, not every such cell is antibody-positive. CeE/DA-antibody staining is transient for the majority of these cells, with the staining progressively lost as differentiation and morphogenesis occur. This is most clearly evident at the 1.5-fold stage of embryogenesis, in which a lateral view of the embryo shows staining in the head, ventral nerve cord and tail. As the embryo begins elongating, the level of CeE/DA-antibody staining decreases in these cells. Note that most of these cells are postmitotic. Although the majority of cells lose CeE/DA-antibody staining during the later half of embryogenesis, a small percentage of cells remain antibody-positive through the remainder of embryogenesis and after hatching. There are 14 of these continually staining cells in the head and seven more in the tail region. Of the 14 head cells, 5 are pharyngeal. The pharyngeal nuclei have been identified, as two pharyngeal muscle nuclei (pm5L and R) and three pharyngeal gland cell nuclei (g1P, g2L and R). The remaining nine CeE/DA antibody-positive cells in the head are outside of the pharynx and are located in the neuronal cluster between the nerve ring and the posterior pharyngeal bulb. There are four bilateral pairs of stained nuclei and one positive nucleus lying along the ventral mid-line. Using hlh-2::GFP reporter strains and DiI staining, three of the bilateral pairs of neurons have been identified as ADL (L and R) and ASH (L and R) and RIC (L and R). The large number of neurons in this area makes it difficult to identify unambiguously each of the remaining three CeE/DA antibody-positive cells. The seven tail cells with nuclei that remain CeE/DA antibody-positive throughout embryonic development include the two Q neuroblasts and five cells were tentatively identified as DVA (an interneuron), the bilateral pair of intestinal muscle cells, the anal depressor muscle and the anal sphincter muscle. The two intestinal and two anal muscle cells are postmitotic and are non-striated muscles. CeE/Da is not detected in bodywall muscles. In addition to the 21 cells that are CeE/DA antibody-positive at hatching, there are several additional cells detected immunologically during subsequent development. One prominent set of cells that becomes CeE/DA antibody-positive during the L3 stage are the 16 developing vulval and uterine muscle cells (non-striated). These nuclei remain antibody-positive in the mature vulva, although staining intensity appears to decrease. Another prominent pair of postembryonic, CeE/DA antibody-positive nuclei are the distal tip cells (DTC). The DTC nuclei are CeE/DA antibody-positive from the start of gonad elongation in larval development and remain positive in adulthood. Very faint antibody staining can also be detected in the syncytial gonad.
• Subcellular Localization: At all developmental stages, CeE/DA antibody staining is nuclear (except in the germline).

• Primary Identifier: Expr8692
• Remark: Picture: N.A.
• Pattern: Expression in the alimentary canal: Weak or rare expression in posterior arcades, g1, g2. Expression in the nervous system: AIN, AVA, AVB, AVD, AVG, AVK, DDn (3-fold to early larva), DVA, DVB, DVC, IL1, OLL, PVD, PVQ, PVT, RIV, RME, RMG, SDQ, SIA, SIB, SMB, VCn. Expression in the reproductive system: In adult stage, expressed in VCn. In developing larva stage, expressed in VCn.

• Primary Identifier: Expr2005
• Pattern: Expression is generally confined to the g1 and g2 pharyngeal gland cells, both within the nuclei of these cells, and more weakly throughout the cytoplasm and processes of these cells. Expression is seen predominantly in older larvae and adults, but is occasionally seen in young larvae. Weak expression in the larval and adult intestine is also occasionally seen.
• Subcellular Localization: Expressed in nuclei, more weakly throughout the cytoplasm and processes of pharyngeal gland cells.

• Primary Identifier: Expr9161
• Remark: Picture: Fig. 4.
• Pattern: Transgenic animals expressing nlr-1prom::gfp showed strong fluorescence in pharyngeal g1 and g2 gland cells, pharyngeal muscle cells and the unilateral, GABAergic RIS interneuron. These are the only cells in which strong and consistent expression is observed. Expression was observed during all stages of larval development and adulthood.

• Primary Identifier: Expr10163

• Primary Identifier: Expr10164
• Remark: Reporter gene fusion type not specified.

• Primary Identifier: Expr10165

• Primary Identifier: Expr10166
• Pattern: Reporter gene fusion type not specified.

• Primary Identifier: Expr10168
• Remark: Reporter gene fusion type not specified.

• Primary Identifier: Expr10169

• Primary Identifier: Expr10170

• Primary Identifier: Expr10171

• Primary Identifier: Expr10172

• Primary Identifier: Expr10173

• Primary Identifier: Expr10174

• Primary Identifier: Expr10177
• Remark: Reporter gene fusion type not specified.

• Primary Identifier: Expr11794

• Primary Identifier: Expr1783
• Pattern: Specific expression observed only in a cellular process, probably the secretory network of the G2 gland cells. Signal appeared in the embryo as soon as pharyngeal structures could be discerned and remained through adulthood.

8 Life Stages

Remark	Definition	Other Name	Public Name	Primary Identifier
	The whole period of embryogenesis in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans, from the formation of an egg until hatching.		embryo Ce	WBls:0000003
	The C. elegans life stage spanning 620-800min(hatch) after first cleavage at 20 Centigrade. Cell number remains at ~560 cells, with some new cells generated and some cells go through programmed cell death. A stage after elongation is over. The last stage of embryogenesis. Also called pre-hatched embryo, late embryo or morphogenetic embryo.		fully-elongated embryo Ce	WBls:0000021
	The C. elegans life stage spanning 350-620min after first cleavage at 20 Centigrade. Cell number remains at ~560 cells, with some new cells generated and some cells go through programmed cell death. The stage that embryo starts elongation until elongation is over.		elongating embryo Ce	WBls:0000015
	The C. elegans life stage spanning 520-620min after first cleavage at 20 Centigrade. Cell number remains at ~560 cells, with some new cells generated and some cells go through programmed cell death. The shape of embryo is elongated and tripple fold. A stage between 2-fold embryo and fully-elongated embryo. Also called pretzel embryo or pretzel stage.		3-fold embryo Ce	WBls:0000020
	The C. elegans life stage spanning 420-460min after first cleavage at 20 Centigrade. Cell number remains at ~560 cells, with some new cells generated and some cells go through programmed cell death. The shape of embryo is elongated and fold back 50%. A stage between comma embryo and 2-fold embryo.		1.5-fold embryo Ce	WBls:0000018
	The C. elegans life stage spanning 390-420min after first cleavage at 20 Centigrade. Cell number remains at ~560 cells, with some new cells generated and some cells go through programmed cell death. The shape of embryo looks like a comma. A stage between bean embryo and 1.5-fold embryo.		comma embryo Ce	WBls:0000017
	The C. elegans life stage spanning 460-520min after first cleavage at 20 Centigrade. Cell number remains at ~560 cells, with some new cells generated and some cells go through programmed cell death. The shape of embryo is elongated and double fold. A stage between 1.5-fold embryo and 3-fold embryo.		2-fold embryo Ce	WBls:0000019
	The C. elegans life stage spanning 350-390min after first cleavage at 20 Centigrade. Cell number remains at ~560 cells, with some new cells generated and some cells go through programmed cell death. Emrbyo elongation started but have not formed comma shape yet. The shape of embryo looks like a lima bean. A stage right before comma embryo. Also called lima embryo or lima bean stage.		bean embryo Ce	WBls:0000016

2 Parents

Definition	Name	Synonym	Primary Identifier
Pharyngeal gland cell 2.	G2		WBbt:0003710
embryonic cell	MSaapapa		WBbt:0006323