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Expr16505
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We examined the expression of pals-17p::GFP and pals-20p:: wrmScarlet transcriptional reporters at the L4 stage. Both transgenes were expressed in intestinal tissue, especially in the anterior-most and posterior-most intestinal cells. Furthermore, we found that both reporters were expressed in the head region. pals-17p::GFP signal was present in head neurons, whereas pals-20p::wrmScarlet was sporadically and weakly expressed in the head region. |
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Picture: Figure 1. |
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Expr8361
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GFP expression initiated in the early gastrula. Robust expression of Prncs-1::GFP was observed in the midgut (E cell lineage) starting at the 28-cell stage and continuing into adulthood. By the comma stage, fluorescence was also visible in the embryo periphery in cells that give rise to hypodermis. In L1 larva and subsequent stages, strong expression of GFP was seen in hypodermal cells, including Hyp 7 syncytium and head and tail hypodermis. The expression pattern was identical in hermaphrodites and males, but adult hermaphrodites displayed fluorescence in vulval epithelium. Expression was absent in seam cells, nervous system, and pharynx. The Prncs-1::GFP reporter showed increased expression during starvation. Although fluorescence intensity was enhanced under starved conditions, the spatial expression pattern was unchanged. Expression of the Prncs-1::GFP transgene was also enhanced in males. An ~2.5-fold increase in rncs-1 expression in total RNA prepared from wild-type, well fed males, compared with hermaphrodites. |
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Picture: Figure 2. |
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Expr4899
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Levels of the drh-3 transcripts in animals at adult stages were approximately threefold higher than that in larval nematodes. |
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Picture: Fig 5. |
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Expr4890
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Several globin genes (C06E4.7, C09H10.8, C36E8.2, C52A11.2, F52A8.4, R01E6.6, R13A1.8, R90.5, and W01C9.5) are similarly upregulated in L3 and dauers relative to young adults, although some reach significance in dauers only. Many genes exhibited more than 2- fold upregulation but didn't reach statistical significance because strong upregulation was only seen in 2 biological replicates, A significant downregulation in L3 stage relative to young adults was observed for C26C6.7, T22C1.2 and ZK637.13. A similar trend was seen in dauers. C26C6.7 was the only globin which exressed at a significantly higher level in dauers relative to L3. Quantitative real-time RT-PCR experiments were done to compare the relative bundance of all 33 globins in wild type adults. Results demonstrate T22C1.2 and ZK637.13 are expressed at substantially higher levels. The difference with the other globins ranges within 1-3 orders of magnitude. |
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Picture: Figure 4A, B, D. |
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Expr4892
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INA-1::GFP was present in the DTCs at the L2 stage prior to migration and maintained throughout L4. In wild-type N2 adults, INA-1::GFP was down-regulated with the cessation of migration (2% GFP-positive, n = 49). |
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Picture: Fig. 2A, B. |
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Expr4881
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The Venus expression began during the early L2 stage when DTCs start to migrate and was maintained specifically in DTCs until the adult stage. |
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Picture: Fig. 2C. |
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Expr4882
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Although the signal was very faint, expression of the full-length mig-24::venus translational fusion construct in hermaphrodites, which fully rescues the mig-24 phenotype, was detected only in DTC nuclei. Expression of mig-24::venus was observed in males, where the signal was detected specifically in MLCs from L2 through L4 stages. Thus, MIG-24 is expressed specifically in gonadal leader cells both in hermaphrodites and males. |
Expressed in nuclei. |
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Picture: Fig. 4A. |
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Expr4883
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Low GFP signals were detected exclusively in the intestinal cells of late embryos, L1L4, and adult hermaphrodites. |
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Picture: Figure 4D, 4E. nfyb-1 and nfyc-1 displayed identical expression patterns. |
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Expr4874
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nfyb-1 was expressed in many cells in the developing embryo. At the larval stages, the expression level of nfyb-1 was reduced in most somatic cells except in some head neurons and in the developing hermaphrodite vulva and male tail. |
NFYB-1 was localized in both the nucleus and the cytoplasm. |
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Picture: Figure 4D, 4E. nfyb-1 and nfyc-1 displayed identical expression patterns. |
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Expr4875
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nfyc-1 was expressed in many cells in the developing embryo. At the larval stages, the expression level of nfyc-1 was reduced in most somatic cells except in some head neurons and in the developing hermaphrodite vulva and male tail. |
NFYC-1 was localized in both the nucleus and the cytoplasm. |
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Picture: Figure 4H, 4I. |
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Expr4876
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The expression of nfya-2 was restricted to few tissues, including the spermatheca, some neurons in the head and other body regions. Notably, it was highly expressed in intestine cells at all developmental stages. |
NFYA-2 localized to the nucleus. |
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Picture: Figure 4A, B, C. |
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Expr4873
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NFYA-1 was localized to the nucleus and was ubiquitously expressed in all nuclei at all developmental stages. In larvae and adult animals, strong expression of nfya-1 was observed in the head ganglia neurons and also in the developing hermaphrodite vulva and mail tail, while its expression was lower in most somatic cells. |
NFYA-1 was localized to the nucleus. |
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Picture: Figure 8 C and D. |
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Expr4838
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The major site of agrin expression was around the pharynx and the staining was particularly enriched in the anterior part. The posterior bulb was labeled more weakly correlating with the fainter GFP reporter expression in the posterior part. Polyclonal antiserum staining resulted in the same staining pattern in wild type worms of different developmental stages. Young larvae (L1) generally showed stronger agrin staining compared to young adults. In addition to the pharynx staining in the wild type worms, the polyclonal antiserum stained the gut lumen both in the wild type worms as well as in the agrin mutants, but not when preimmune serum was used. The staining of the lumen of the gut represents an unrelated cross-reactivity of the antiserum, possibly corresponding to the background bands detected on the western blots. |
Agrin was detected in the basal lamina around the pharynx procorpus and anterior bulb. Posterior bulb staining was weaker possibly due to poor antibody penetration. |
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Picture: Figs. 4A-D. |
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Expr4836
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In hermaphrodites, the expression of bro-1 was restricted to seam cells. Its expression was first detected at bean-stage embryos and persisted throughout the developmental stages. In the male tail, bro-1 was also expressed in the ray precursor cells. |
GFP::BRO-1 was localized to both the cytoplasm and the nucleus. |
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Picture: Figure 5. |
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Expr4837
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Fluorescence started to be visible in two cells of young embryos at around the 64 AB cell stage. Towards the end of gastrulation expression was visible in about 40 cells throughout the embryo including neuronal precursors, ventral hypodermal cells, and pharyngeal precursor cells. At the 1 to 2 fold stages fluorescence was observed in IL1 neurons (the identity was determined post-embryonically), the nine buccal epidermal cells, and additional cells in the head, most likely arcade cells. Transient expression was also observed in embryonic motoneurons (no longer visible in 3 fold stage embryos) and in a few apoptotic cells in the head. Based on their position they could be the sister cells of some of the IL1 neurons, which are known to undergo programmed cell death at this developmental stage. At the 3 fold stage expression was restricted to the buccal epidermal cells, most of the arcade cells (3 anterior and the DL and DR posterior arcade cells), and the six IL1 neurons. The two lateral IL1 neurons expressed the marker only weakly also in the L1 larval stage (but not later during development), whereas the dorsal and ventral IL1 neurons expressed GFP strongly throughout all larval stages and in the adults. Starting from the L1 larval stage expression could also be observed in the posterior cells of the gut. Starting from the L2 stage, when gonad development and migration begins, fluorescence became also visible in the distal tip cells of the gonad. |
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Picture: Fig. 6A, 6B. Reporter gene fusion type not specified. |
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Expr4829
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Exclusively expressed throughout the nervous system in C. elegans. F25B3.3::gfp is a postmitotic pan-neuronal marker, i.e. its onset of expression is observed after the terminal division of neurons (around 450 minutes of embryonic development). |
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Picture: Fig. 10, A and B. |
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Expr4821
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The hex-1 promoter was particularly active in coelomocytes as well as in neurons of the pharyngeal region and nerve cord, as compared with the head and tail pattern observed in strain BC14144 (see Expr6695). Expressed throughout the life-cycle. |
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Picture: Fig. 10, C. |
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Expr4822
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The hex-2::gfp construct appeared to be active in the hypodermal cells, vulval toroids, and various adult head and tail neurons, Expressed throughout the life-cycle. |
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Picture: Fig. 10 H. |
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Expr4823
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The hex-3 construct was expressed in gut granules. Expressed throughout the life-cycle. |
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Picture: Fig. 10, J and K. |
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Expr4825
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Expression of hex-5 was restricted to certain cells at the 3-fold stage but was also present in the vulval, head (muscle), and tail regions in larval and adult worms. Expressed throughout the life-cycle. |
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Picture: Fig. 1A, 1B, 1C. |
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Expr4818
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aqp-8 localized exclusively to the excretory system of the worm. Expression of aqp-8 also appears to be localized to an additional cell. The aqp-8p::GFP-PEST-expressing worms displayed an identical spatial pattern to the worms carrying the usual aqp-8::GFP construct, but due to the short half-life of the GFP-PEST construct, authors were able to determine that aqp-8 is transcribed only in the interval between the first larval stage and early adulthood. The relative levels of expression in the excretory cell and the excretory gland cell appeared to be similar to each other. Expression patterns derived from extrachromosomal arrays may be confounded by somatic loss of the transgene (leading to mosaically expressing transgenes). Therefore, the expression pattern of aqp-8 was confirmed by generating a genome-integrated aqp-8p::GFP transgenic line to prevent the sporadic loss of the transgene in somatic tissue. |
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Picture: Figure 7, C and D. |
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Expr4813
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Expression was observed throughout development, starting at midembryogenesis. VHA-5 was also detected at the lumen of the vulva and rectum. In addition, authors found VHA-5 expressed in the sheath cells associated with head and tail sensory organs. Three-dimensional reconstructions showed that VHA-5 and RDY-2 formed a sixfold symmetrical pattern, which includes a larger spot that presumably corresponds to the amphid. |
In the amphid sheath cell, VHA-5 was found in the most distal part of the cell lining the sheath pocket, which can be equated to its apical side. |
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Reporter gene fusion type not specified. |
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Expr4690
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It was observed that the fusion gene expression continued from embryonic and post-embryonic stages. At embryonic stage, several cells were stained in post-gastrulating embryos whereas in postembryonic stages staining of cells was seen from L1 to young adults. |
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nsy-5 = T16H5.1. |
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Expr4693
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A GFP reporter transgene with 5.8 kb of the nsy-5 promoter was expressed exclusively in sensory neurons and interneurons in the head and tail. The neurons that expressed nsy-5::GFP included AWC, ASH, AFD, ASI, ADL, ASK, BAG, AWB, and ADF (head sensory neurons); ADA, AIZ, RIC, AIY, and AIM (head interneurons); PHA and PHB (tail sensory neurons); and PVC and PVQ (tail interneurons). Expression began about halfway through embryogenesis, was strongest in late embryogenesis and the L1 larval stage, and faded thereafter. Adults maintained weak expression in several neurons, including ASH but not AWC. |
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Expr4687
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Embryonic expression of pgp-2::gfp was first seen in the daughters of the E blastomere (E2 stage), which generate the intestine. Intestinal expression persisted through embryogenesis and into adulthood. Rarely, weak expression of pgp-2::gfp was detected in embryonic and adult hypodermal cells. Pharyngeal or AWA expression of the pgp-2::gfp reporter were never detected. |
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Expr4689
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It was found that the amount of transcript of tbg-1 varies significantly in different stages during the development. In embryos the expression of the gene was high; it has extremely low level of gene expression during L1 larval stage, increased from L2 to L4 stages and showed the maximum expression in young adult stage. In gravid adult stage, the expression was more than that of embryos. |
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Expr4683
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hlh-29/hlh-28 mRNA is present at all developmental stages and does not vary significantly during later larval stages. Embryos and early L1-stage larvae produce significantly more hlh-29/hlh-28 RNA than later larvae. In separate assays from three independent cDNA samples, L1-stage larvae produced an average of 3 1/2 times more hlh-29 RNA than did L4 stage larvae and adults. |
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Expr4684
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GFP expression was detected at most developmental stages, with the spatial expression depending on the developmental stage of the animal. Neuronal expression of hlh-29 was detected in larvae and adults in both amphid and phasmid sockets, in the ALA and PVT neurons, in the chemosensory and mechanosensory neurons, ASI, ASK, PHA, and PQR, and in neurons of the anterior pharyngeal bulb. Weaker expression was also detected in the ASG chemosensory neurons in some transgenic lines. L1 animals show strong expression of hlh-29 in intestinal cells, and weaker expression in the rectal glands and the pharyngeal muscle cell PM1. By L3 stage, intestinal expression of the hlh-29::GFP is limited to the posterior intestinal cells, and PM1 expression is no longer detected. Expression is also detected in the ventral posterior coelomocytes in the later L3-stage larvae, and in the spermatheca and vulval muscles of L4 and adult animals. |
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Reporter gene fusion type not specified. |
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Expr4791
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The glt-7::gfp fusion shows strong expression in the excretory canal cell from embryonic to larval stages. Strikingly, there was a complete disappearance of the glt-7::gfp signal in most adult animals. |
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Expr4793
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For all arrays examined, the reporter gene was expressed exclusively in hypodermal cells. In males, expression of dpy-5::gfp generally resembles that of hermaphrodites. Fluorescence is observed within the head and tail hypodermal cells, the P cells and hyp7, and is absent or of low abundance within the seam cells. This is more easily seen in a higher magnification of the tail region in which GFP is notably absent in the V5-derived seam cell, yet abundant in its sister set cell and the V6- and T-derived specialized hypodermal cells that envelope the sensory rays used in copulation. In summary, expression of the dpy-5::gfp reporter gene in the hypodermal cells begins in L1, and continues throughout larval development, ending in adulthood. In seam cells, expression is variable, suggesting that it may be regulated differently than in the hypodermal cells. |
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